Evaluating data from behavioral analysis: Visual inspection or statistical models?

Behavioural Processes

Volumn 54, Issue 1-3, 2001, Pages 137-154

  Fisch, Gene S ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior analysis; Randomization tests; Signal detection analysis; Statistical inference; Visual inspection

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DATA ANALYSIS; HYPOTHESIS; NONHUMAN; RANDOMIZATION; SAMPLE; STANDARD; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VARIANCE;

EID: 0035799638     PISSN: 03766357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00155-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (29)

1. Box G.E.P., Jenkins G.M. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. 1970;Holden-Day, San Francisco.
2. Busk P.L., Marascuilo L.A. Autocorrelation in single-subject research: a counterargument to the myth of no autocorrelation. Behavioral Assessment. 10:1988;229-242.
3. Cohen J. The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: a review. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 65:1962;145-163.
4. Crosbie J. Interrupted time-series analysis with brief single-sublect data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 61:1993;966-974.
5. Davison M. Statistical inference in behavior analysis: having my cake and eating it? The Behavior Analyst. 22:1999;99-103.
6. DeProspero A., Cohen S. Inconsistent visual analyses of intrasubject data. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 12:1977;573-579.
7. Edgington E.S. Nonparametric tests for single-case designs. Kratochwill T.R., Levin J.R. Single-Case Research Design and Analysis: New Directions for Psychology and Education. 1992;133-157 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
8. Ferron J., Ware W. Analyzing single-case data: the power of randomization tests. Journal of Experimental Education. 63:1995;167-178.
9. Fisch, G.S., Porto, A.F., 1994. Visual inspection of data. Does the eyeball fit the trend? In: Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display V, Rogowitz, B.E., Alleback, J.P., Eds., Proc. SPIE 2179, San Jose, CA, pp 268-76.
10. Fisch, G.S., Schneider, R., 1993. Visual inspection of data: placement of point-to-point graphs affects discrimination of trends and treatment effects. American Statistical Association 1993 Proceedingss Section on Statistical Graphics, pp. 55-58.
11. Furlong M.J., Wampold B.E. Intervention effects and relative variation as dimensions in experts' use of visual inference. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 15:1982;415-421.
12. Greenspan, P., Fisch, G.S., 1992. Visual inspection of data: a statistical analysis of behavior. American Statistical Associaton 1992 Proceedings Section on Statistical Graphics, pp. 79-82.
13. Haccou P., Meelis E. Statistical Analysis of Behavioural Data. 1992;75-111 Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
14. Hartmann D.P., Gottmann J.M., Jones R.R., Gardner W., Kazdin A.E., Vaught R.S. Interrupted time-series analysis and its application to behavioral data. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. L3:1980;543-559.
15. Hollander, M., Wolfe, D.A., 1999. Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, pp. 36-50, 106-124, 319-328, 363-382.
16. Karp, H., Fisch, G.S. A signal detection analysis of visual inspection of graphs, presented at a Symposium on the Experimental Analysis of Visually Inspected Data, San Francisco, CA, May, 1996.
17. Kazdin A.E. Artifact, bias, and complexity of assessment: the ABCs of reliability. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 10:1977;141-150.
18. Mann H.B. Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica. 13:1945;245-259.
19. Matyas T.A., Greenwood K.M. Visual analysis of single-case time series: effects of variability, serial dependence, and magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 24:1990;341-351.
20. McCall R.B., Appelbaum M.I. Bias in the analysis of repeated-measures designs: some alternatives. Child Development. 44:1973;401-415.
21. Mosteller F., Rourke R.E.K. Sturdy Statistics: Nonparametrics and Order Statistics. 1973;1-19 Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, MA.
22. Sidman M. Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluation of Experimental data in Psychology. 1960;Basic Books, New York.
23. Skillings J.H., Mack G.A. On the use of a Friedman-type statistic in balanced and unbalanced block designs. Communications in Statistical Theory and Methods. 6:1981;1453-1463.
24. Skinner B.F. The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. 1938;Appleton-Century, New York.
25. Skinner B.F. A case history in scientific method. American Psychologist. 11:1956;221-233.
26. Wampold B., Furlong M. The heuristics of visual inference. Behavioral Assessment. 3:1981;79-92.
27. Wampold B.E., Worsham N.L. Randomization tests for multiple-baseline designs. Behavioral Assessment. 8:1986;135-143.
28. Winer B.J. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. 2nd :1971;514-603 McGraw-Hill, New York.
29. Yeltman, A.R., Wildman, B.G., Erickson, M.T., 1977. A probability-based formula for calculating interobserver agreement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 127-131.