UV doses of American children and adolescents

Photochemistry and Photobiology

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 787-793

  Godar, Dianne E ^a  

^a CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHEMA; GENDER; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; INFANT; LEISURE; NEWBORN; POLLUTANT; RADIATION DOSE; SUNLIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; PHOTOBIOLOGY; RADIATION DOSAGE; RISK FACTORS; SKIN; SKIN NEOPLASMS; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035790070     PISSN: 00318655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0787:UDOACA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Skin cancer and UV radiation.(1997) Edited by P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffman and M. Stucker. Springer, Berlin.
2. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures - 1996. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
3. Health Council of the Netherlands: Risks of UV Radiation Committee. UV radiation from Sunlight. The Hague: Health council of the Netherlands, 1994; publication no. 1994/05E.
4. Slaper, H. (1987) Skin cancer and UV exposure: Investigations on the estimation of risks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Utrecht, Chapter 2, 24-48.
5. National Cancer Institute: Cancer Rates and Risks. DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 85-691. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
6. Godar, D. E., S. P. Wengraitis, J. Shreffler and D. H. Sliney (2001) UV doses of Americans. Photochem. Photobiol. 73, 621-629.
7. Giles, G. G., R. Marks and P. Foley (1988) Incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer treated in Australia. Br. Med. J. 296, 13-19.
8. Gies, P., C. Roy, S. Toomey, R. MacLennan and M. Watson (1998) Solar UVR exposures of primary school children at three locations in Queensland. Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 78-83.
9. Parisi, A. V., L. R. Meldrum, J. C. F. Wong, J. Aitken and R. A. Fleming (2000) Effect of childhood and adolescent ultraviolet exposures on cumulative exposure in South East Queensland schools. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 16, 19-23.
10. Marks, R. (1994) An overview of skin cancers: incidence and causation. Cancer 75, 607-612.
11. Miller, D. L. and M. A. Weinstock (1994) Non-melanoma skin cancer in the United States: incidence. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30, 774-778.
12. Scotto, J. and T. R. Fears (1987) The association of solar ultraviolet and skin melanoma incidence among Caucasians in the United States. Cancer Investig. 5, 275-283.
13. Holman, C. D., B. K. Armstrong, P. J. Heenan, J. B. Blackwell, F. J. Cumming, D. R. English, S. Holland, G. R. Kelsall, L. R. Matz, I. L. Rouse, et al.(1986) The cause of malignant melanoma: results from the west Australia Lions melanoma research project. Recent Results Cancer Res. 102, 18-37.
14. Whiteman, D. and A. Green (1994) Melanoma and sunburn. Cancer Causes Control 5, 564-572.
15. Marks, R. and D. Whiteman (1994) Sunburn and melanoma: how strong is the evidence? [Editorial]. Br. Med. J. 308, 75-76.
16. Elwood, J. M., S. M. Whitehead, J. Davidson, M. Stewart and M. Gail (1990) Malignant melanoma in England: risks associated with naevi, freckles, social class, hair color, and sunburn. Int. J. Epidemiol. 19, 801-810.
17. Giese, A. C. (1976) Living with our Sun's Ultraviolet Rays. Plenum press, New York.
18. Holman, C. D. J., B. K. Armstrong and P. J. Heenan (1986) Relationship of cutaneous malignant melanoma to individual sunlight-exposure habits. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76, 403-414.
19. Lew, R. A., A. J. Sober, N. Cook, R. Marvell and T. B. Fitzpatrick (1983) Sun exposure habits in patients with cutaneous melanoma: a case control study. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 9, 1981-1986.
20. Osterlind, A. and O. M. Jensen (1986) Trends in incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in Denmark 1943-1982. Recent Results Cancer Res. 102, 8-17.
21. Osterlind, A., M. A. Tucker, B. J. Stone and O. M. Jensen (1988) The Danish case-control study of cutaneous melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure. Int. J. Cancer 42, 319-324.
22. Marks, R., M. Staples and G. G. Gies (1993) Trends in non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia: the second national survey. Int. J. Cancer 53, 585-590.
23. Kricker, A., B. K. Armstrong, D. R. English and P. J. Heenen (1995) Does intermittent sun exposure cause basal cell carcinoma? A case-control study in Western Australia. Int. J. Cancer 60, 489-494.
24. Kricker, A., B. K. Armstrong and D. R. English (1994) Sun exposure and non-melanocytic skin cancer. Cancer Causes Control 5, 367-392.
25. Marks, R., D. Jolley, S. Lectsas and P. Foley (1990) The role of childhood exposure to sunlight in the development of solar keratoses and non-melanocytic skin cancer. Med. J. Aus. 152, 62-66.
26. Marks, R. (1987) Skin cancer - childhood protection affords lifetime protection. [Editorial] Med. J. Aus. 147, 475-476.
27. Weinstock, M. A., G. A. Colditz, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, B. R. Bronstein, M. C. Mihm Jr. and F. E. Speizer (1989) Non-familial cutaneous melanoma incidence in women associated with sun exposure before 20 years of age. Pediatrics 84, 199-204.
28. D'Arcy, C., J. Holman and B. K. Armstrong (1984) Cutaneous malignant melanoma and indicators of total accumulated exposure to the Sun: an analysis separating histogenetic types. JNCI 73, 75-82.
29. Kripke, M. L., P. A. Cox, L. G. Alas and D. B. Yarosh (1992) Pyrimidine dimers in DNA initiate systemic immunosuppression in UV-irradiated mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7516-7520.
30. Kripke, M. L. (1974) Antigenicity of murine tumors induced by ultraviolet light. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 1333-1336.
31. Kripke, M. L. (1990) Effects of UV radiation on tumor immunity. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82, 1392-1395.
32. Baadsgaard, O., B. Salvo, A. Mannie, B. Dass, D. A. Fox and K. D. Cooper (1990) In vivo ultraviolet-exposed human epidermal cells activate T suppressor cell pathways that involve CD4+, CD3RA+ suppressor inducer T cells. J. Immunol. 145, 2854-2861.
33. Stingl, G., L. A. Gazze-Stingl, W. Aberer and K. Wolff (1981) Antigen presentation by murine epidermal Langerhans cells and its alteration by ultraviolet light. J. Immunol. 127, 1707-1713.
34. Obata, M. and H. Tagami (1985) Alteration in murine epidermal Langerhans cell population in various UV-irradiations: quantative and morphological studies on the effect of various wavelengths of monochromatic radiation on Ia-bearing cells. J. Investig. Dermatol. 84, 139-145.
35. Fritschi, L., A. Green and P. J. Solomon (1992) Sun exposure in Australian adolescents. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 27, 25-28.
36. Holman, C. D. J., I. M. Gibson, M. Stephenson and B. K. Armstrong (1983) Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 8, 269-277.
37. Leach, J. F., V. E. McLeod, A. R. Pingstone, A. Davies and G. W. Deane (1978) Measurement of the ultraviolet doses received by office workers. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 3, 77-79.
38. Melville, S. K., F. S. Rosenthal, R. Luckmann and R. A. Lew (1991) Quantitative ultraviolet skin exposure in children during selected outdoor activities. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 8, 99-104.
39. Rosenthal, F. S., R. A. Lew, L. J. Rouleau and M. Thomson (1990) Ultraviolet exposure to children from sunlight: a study using personal dosimetry. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 7, 77-81.
40. Moise, A. F., S. L. Harrison and H. P. Gies (1999) Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure of infants and small children. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 15, 109-114.
41. Kimlin, M. G., A. V. Parisi and J. C. F. Wong (1998) Quantification of personal solar UV exposure of outdoor workers, indoor workers and adolescents at two locations in Southeast Queensland. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 14, 7-11.
42. Diffey, B. L., C. J. Gibson, R. Haylock and A. F. McKinlay (1996) Outdoor ultraviolet exposure of children and adolescents. Br. J. Dermatol. 134, 1030-1034.