"Towards establishing ecology as a science instead of an art": The work of John T. Curtis on the plant community continuum

Web Ecology

Volumn 2, Issue , 2001, Pages 1-6

  Nicolson, Malcolm ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; PLANT COMMUNITY;

EID: 0035789253     PISSN: 13991183     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/we-2-1-2001     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abir-Am, P. 1982. The discourse of physical power and biological knowledge in the 1930s: a reappraisal of the Rockfeller Foundation's policy in molecular biology. - Soc. Stud. Sci. 12: 341-382.
2. Anon. 1951. Abstracts of papers given at the Minneapolis meeting. - Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 32: 56-57.
3. Beadle, G. W. 1967. The role of foundations in the development of modern biology. - In: Weaver, W. E. (ed.), United States philanthropic foundations: their history, structure, management and record. Harper Row, pp. 225-240.
4. Brannigan, A. 1985. The social basis of scientific discoveries. - Cambridge Univ. Press.
5. Bray, J. R. and Curtis, J. T. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. - Ecol. Monogr. 27: 325-349.
6. Cain, S. 1947. Characteristics of natural areas and factors in their development. - Ecol. Monogr, 17: 187-200.
7. Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. - Carnegie Inst.
8. Cottam, G. 1978. Interview with M. Nicolson, 6 Dec. - Madison, Wisconsin.
9. Cottam, G. and Curtis, J. T. 1948. The use of the punched card method in phytosociological research. - Ecology 29: 516-519.
10. Cottam, G. and Curtis, J. T. 1949. A method for making rapid surveys of woodlands by means of pairs of randomly selected trees. - Ecology 30: 101-104.
11. Curtis, J. T. 1946. Letters to W.S. Cooper, 12 March. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
12. Curtis, J.T. 1947. The Palo Verde forest type near Gonaives, Haiti and its relation to the surrounding vegetation. - Carib. For. 8: 1-12.
13. Curtis, J. T. 1949. Letter to W. H. Camp, 6 July. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
14. Curtis J.T. 1952. The continuum in relation to the classification of plant communities.- Presented to A.A.A.S. symposium, unpublished typescript in the Curtis Papers.
15. Curtis, J.T. 1955. A prairie continuum in Wisconsin. - Ecology 36: 558-565.
16. Curtis, J.T. 1956. Letter to C.G. van Steenis, 8 Oct. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
17. Curtis, J. T. 1958a. Letter to W.E. Martin, 8 Jan. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
18. Curtis, J.T. 1958b. Letter to P. Grieg-Smith, 10 Feb. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
19. Curtis, J.T. 1959a. The vegetation of Wisconsin. - Wisconsin Univ. Press.
20. Curtis, J.T. 1959b. Letter to H.J. Oosting, 6 Aug. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
21. Curtis, J.T. and Juday, C. 1937. Photosynthesis of algae in Wisconsin lakes III: observations of 1935. - Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 35: 122-133.
22. Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R. P. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. - Ecology 32: 476-496.
23. Egler, F.E. 1947. Arid southeast Oahu vegetation, Hawaii. - Ecol. Monogr. 17: 384-435.
24. Geison, G. L. and Holmes, F. L. 1993. Research schools: historical reappraisals. - Univ. of Pennsylvania, Dept of History and Sociology of Science.
25. Gleason, H. A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. - Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 7-26.
26. Hagen, J.B. 1984. Experimentalists and naturalists in twentienth-century botany: experimental taxonomy, 1920-1950. - J. Hist. Biol. 17: 249-270.
27. Hagen, J.B. 1992. An entangled bank: the origins of ecosystem ecology. - Rutgers Univ. Press.
28. Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The structure of scientific revolutions. - Chicago Univ. Press.
29. Lawrence, D.B. 1948. Letter to J.T. Curtis, 3 August. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
30. Lawrence, D. B. 1951. Letter to J.T. Curtis, 25 March. - Curtis Papers, Univ. Archives, Wisconsin, Madison.
31. Mason, H. 1947. Evolution of certain floristic associations in western North America. - Ecol. Monogr. 17: 203-210.
32. McIntosh, R.P. 1975. Henry Allan Gleason - individualistic ecologist 1882-1975: his contributions to ecological theory. - Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 253-273.
33. McIntosh, R.P. 1978. Interview with M. Nicolson, 8 Dec. - Univ. of Notre Dame.
34. McIntosh, R.P. 1983. Pioneer support for ecology. - Bioscience 33: 107-112.
35. McIntosh, R.P. 1993. The continuum continued: John T. Curtis's influence on ecology. - In: Fralish, J.S., Loucks, O.C. and McIntosh, R.P. (eds), Fifty years of Wisconsin Plant ecology. Wisconsin Acad. Sci.
36. Morrell, J.B. 1972. The chemist breeders: the research schools of Leibig and Thomas Thomson. - Ambix 19: 1-46.
37. Nichols, G. 1923. A working basis for the ecological classification of plant communities. - Ecology 4: 11-23, 154-179.
38. Nicolson, M. 1984. The development of plant ecology. - Ph. D. thesis, Edinburgh Univ.
39. Nicolson, M. 1989. National styles, divergent classifications: a comparative case study from the history of French and American plant ecology. - Knowledge and Society 8: 139-186.
40. Nicolson, M. 1990. Henry Allan Gleason and the individualistic hypothesis of the plant community: the structure of a botanist's career. - Bot. Rev. 56: 91-161.
41. Odum, E. P. 1977. The emergence of ecology as a new integrative discipline. - Science 195: 1289-1293.
42. Provine, W.B. 1978. The role of mathematical population geneticists in the evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s. - Stud. Hist. Biol. 2: 167-192.
43. Tobey, R. 1981. Saving the prairies: the life cycle of the founding school of American plant ecology. - California Univ. Press.
44. Walker, J.C. 1958. Benjamin Minge Duggar. - Biog. Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sci. 32: 113-131.
45. Whittaker, R.H. 1951. A criticism of the plant association and climatic climax concepts. - Northwest Sci. 25: 17-31.
46. Whittaker, R.H. 1953. A consideration of climax theory: the climax as population and pattern. - Ecol. Monogr. 23: 41-78.
47. Whittaker, R.H. 1962. Classification of natural communities. - Bot. Gaz. 28: 1-239.
48. Whittaker, R.H. 1975. Ordination and classification of communities.- Nijhoff/Junk, Holland.
49. Young, V.A. 1954. The Frederic E. Clements memorial. - Ecology 35: 116.