Expression and processing of emotions: Relationships with CD4+ levels in 42 HIV-positive asymptomatic individuals

Psychology and Health

Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 689-698

  Solano, Luigi ^a   Montella, F ^b   Salvati, Simonetta ^a   Di Sora, Fiorella ^b   Murgia, Federica ^a   Figà Talamanca, Lucia ^b   Zoppi, Luisa ^a   Lauria, Filippo ^b   Coda, Rosamaria ^a   Nicotra, Manuela ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b MOLINETTE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Emotional processing; Expression of emotions; Gottschalk Gleser method; HIV 1; Immune function; Referential activity

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035740235     PISSN: 08870446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08870440108405867     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Antoni, M.H., Goldstein, D., Ironson, G., Laperriere, A., Fletcher, M.A. and Schneiderman, N. (1995) Coping responses to HIV-1 serostatus notification predict concurrent and prospective immunologic status. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 234-248.
2. Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. and Erbaugh, J. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
3. Bion, W.R. (1962a) A theory of thinking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 43, Parts 4-5.
4. Bion, W.R. (1962b) Learning from experience. London: Heinemann.
5. Bowen, J. (1988) The relationship between imagery and Referential Activity. Doctoral Dissertation, Adelphi University, New York, USA. Dissertation Abstracts International, 48, (9B), 2776.
6. Bucci, W. (1984) Linking words and things: basic processes and individual variation. Cognition, 17, 137-153.
7. Bucci, W. (1985) Dual coding: a cognitive model for psychoanalytic research. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 33, 571-607.
8. Bucci, W. (1995) The power of the narrative: a multiple code account. In: J.W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, Disclosure and Health (pp. 93-122). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
9. Bucci, W. (1997a) Psychoanalysis and Cognitive Science: A Multiple Code Theory. New York, London: The Guilford Press.
10. Bucci, W. (1997b) Symptoms and Symbols: A Multiple Code Theory of Somatization. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 2, 151-172.
11. Bucci, W. and Friedman, N. (1978) Language and Hand: the dimension of referential competence. Journal of Personality, 46, 594-622.
12. Bucci, W., Kabasakalian-Mc Kay, R. and The RA Research Group (1992) Instructions for scoring Referential Activity (RA) in transcripts of spoken texts. Ulm, Germany: Ulmer Textbank.
13. Bucci, W. and Miller, N. (1993) Primary process: a new formulation and analogue measure. In: N. Miller, L. Luborsky, J. Barber and J. Docherty (Eds), Psychodynamic treatment research (pp. 387-406). New York: Basic Books.
14. Buss, A.H. (1961) The Psychology of aggression. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
15. Cornell, A.W. (1993) The Focusing guide's Manual (3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Focusing Resources.
16. Dafter, R.E. (1996) Why "negative" emotions can sometimes be positive: the spectrum model of emotions and their role in mind-body healing. Advances, 12, 6-19.
17. Esterling, B.A., Antoni, M.H., Kumar, M. and Schneiderman, N. (1990) Emotional repression, stress disclosure responses, and Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen titers. Psychosomatic Medicine, 52, 397-410.
18. Esterling, B.A., Antoni, M.H., Fletcher, M.A., Margulies, S. and Schneiderman, N. (1994) Emotional disclosure through writing or speaking modulates latent Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 130-140.
19. Gottschalk, L.A. and Gleser, G.C. (1969) The measurement of psychological states through the content analysis of verbal behavior. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
20. Gottschalk, L.A., Winget, C. and Gleser, G.C. (1969) Manual of instructions for using the Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis scales: Anxiety, Hostility and Social Alienation-Personal disorganization. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
21. Greer, S. and Morris, T. (1975) Psychological attributes of women who develop breast cancer: a controlled study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 19, 147-154.
22. Ironson, G., LaPerriere, A., Antoni, M., O'Hearn, P., Schneiderman, N., Klimas, N. and Fletcher, M.A. (1990) Changes in immune and psychological measures as a function of anticipation and reaction to news of HIV-1 antibody status. Psychosomatic Medicine, 52, 247-270.
23. Kemeney, M.E., Weiner, H., Taylor, S.E., Schneider, S., Visscher, B. and Fahey, J.L. (1994) Repeated bereavement, depressed mood, and immune parameters in HIV seropositive and seronegative gay men. Health Psychology, 13, 14-24.
24. Lutgendorf, S.K., Antoni, M.H., Kumar, M. and Schneiderman, N. (1994) Changes in cognitive coping strategies predict EBV-antibody titre change following a stressor disclosure induction. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 63-78.
25. Lutgendorf, S.K., Antoni, M.H., Ironson, G., Klimas, N., Fletcher, M.A. and Schneiderman, N. (1997) Cognitive processing style, mood, and immune function following HIV seropositivity notification. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 157-184.
26. Pennebaker, J.W. (1996). Putting stress into words: the impact of writing on health status. Conference on The (non) expression of emotions in Health and Disease. Tilburg, The Netherlands.
27. Pennebaker, J.W. and Beall, S.K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 274-281.
28. Pennebaker, J.W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. and Glaser, R. (1988) Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implication for psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239-245.
29. Pennebaker, J.W., Colder, M. and Sharp, L.K. (1990) Accelerating the coping process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 528-537.
30. Pennebaker, J.W. and Francis, M.E. (1996) Cognitive, emotional and language processes in disclosure. Cognition and Emotion, 10, 601-626.
31. Petrie, K.J., Booth, R., Pennebaker, J.W., Davison, K.P. and Thomas, M. (1995) Disclosure of trauma and immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 787-792.
32. Pettingale, K.W., Watson, M. and Greer, S. (1984) The validity of emotional control as a trait in breast cancer patients. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2, 21-30.
33. Rogentine, G.N., Van Kammen, D.P., Fox, B.H., Docherty, J.R., Rosenblatt, J.E., Boyd, S.C. and Bunney, W.E. (1979) Psychological factors in the prognosis of malignant melanoma. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 647-655.
34. Shea, J.D.C., Burton, R. and Girgis, A. (1993) Negative affect, absorption and immunity. Physiology & Behavior, 53, 449-457.
35. Solano, L., Costa, M., Salvati, S., Coda, R., Aiuti, F., Mezzaroma, I. and Bertini, M. (1993) Psychosocial factors and clinical evolution in HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 37, 39-51.
36. Spera, S.P., Burhfeind, E.D. and Pennebaker, J.W. (1994) Expressive writing and coping with job loss. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 722-733.
37. Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M. and Parker, J.D.A. (1997) Disorders of affect regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Temoshok, L., Heller, B.W., Sagebiel, R.W., Blois, M.S., Sweet, D.M., DiClemente, R.J. and Gold, M.L. (1985) The relationship of psychosocial factors to prognostic indicators in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29, 139-153.
39. Temoshok, L., Sweet, D.M. and Moulton, J.M. (1987) A longitudinal study of distress and coping in men with AIDS and AIDS related complex. III International Conference on AIDS. Washington, DC, June.
40. Von Korff, P. (1986) Referential Activity and Therapeutic Process. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Adelphi University, New York, USA.
41. Wittenborn, J.R. (1955) Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scales. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
42. Workman, E. and LaVia, M. (1987) T-lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation: Effects of stress and stress response style on medical students taking national board examinations. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 43, 308-313.