Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, and comparative politics: "Transitology" and the need for new theory

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 485-500

  Wiarda, Howard J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035737580     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/088832501766276245     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
2. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
3. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
4. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
5. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
6. Philippe C. Schmitter and Terry Lynn Karl, "The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They attempt to Go?" Slavic Review 53 (Spring 1994): 173-85; Valerie Bunce, "Should Transitologists Be Grounded?" Slavic Review 54 (Spring 1995): 111-27; idem, "Comparing East and South," Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 87-100; Karl and Schmitter, "From an Iron Curtain to a Paper Curtain: Grounding Transitologists or Students of Postcommunism?" Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 965-78; Bunce, "Paper Curtains and Paper Tigers," Slavic Review 54 (Winter 1995): 979-87; idem, "Regional Issues in Democratization: The East Versus the South," Post-Soviet Affairs 14 (1998): 187-211.
7. My own preliminary contribution to this debate is in Howard J. Wiarda, Iberia and Latin America (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996).
8. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); and idem, The Sustainability of Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Vol. I 1991, Vol. II 1995).
9. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); and idem, The Sustainability of Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Vol. I 1991, Vol. II 1995).
10. Samuel P. Barnes, Antonio López Pina, and Peter McDonough, The Cultural Dynamics of Democratization in Spain (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998).
11. See especially Lonnie R. Johnson, Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
12. Juan Linz, ́Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimeś in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsky, eds., Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3 (Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1975).
13. Eric Baklanoff, The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal (New York: Praeger, 1978).
14. Howard J. Wiarda and Margaret MacLeish Mott, Catholic Roots and Democratic Flowers: The Political Systems of Spain and Portugal (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001).
15. See my earlier detailed work on Portugal, Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese Case (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977).
16. The best source is Baklanoff, Economic Transformation.
17. Carl J. Friedrich and Zbignicw Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1956).
18. H. Gordon Skillings, Interest Groups in Soviet Politics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971).
19. Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986). For a critique and correction see Gerhard Mangott, Harald Waldrauch, and Stephen Day, eds., Democratic Consolidation: The International Dimension (Baden Baden, Germany: Nomos Austrian Institute for International Affairs, 2000).
20. Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986). For a critique and correction see Gerhard Mangott, Harald Waldrauch, and Stephen Day, eds., Democratic Consolidation: The International Dimension (Baden Baden, Germany: Nomos Austrian Institute for International Affairs, 2000).
21. Diplomat Samuel P. Eaton in The Forces of Freedom in Spain 1974-1979 (Stanford, Cal.: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1981) provides a characteristically understated but nonetheless revealing picture of the U.S. role in the Spanish transition.
22. Condoleeza Rice and Philip Zelikow, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995); also Robert B. Zoellick, At the Frontiers: A New Agenda for US-EC Relations (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment, 1993).
23. Condoleeza Rice and Philip Zelikow, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995); also Robert B. Zoellick, At the Frontiers: A New Agenda for US-EC Relations (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment, 1993).
24. In addition to Bunce's arguments cited earlier, see among many others M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). Piotr Sztompka, "Dilemmas of the Great Transition," Sisyphus 2 (1992): 9-27; Sarah M. Terry, "Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?" Slavic Review 52 (Summer 1993): 333-37; Alejandro Moreno, "The Democratic-Authoritarian Cleavage in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 1990s," (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999); Marc Morje Howard, "Institutional Design, Civilization or Prior Regime Type? Explaining Cross National Variation in Civil Society," (paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999).
25. In addition to Bunce's arguments cited earlier, see among many others M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). Piotr Sztompka, "Dilemmas of the Great Transition," Sisyphus 2 (1992): 9-27; Sarah M. Terry, "Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?" Slavic Review 52 (Summer 1993): 333-37; Alejandro Moreno, "The Democratic-Authoritarian Cleavage in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 1990s," (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999); Marc Morje Howard, "Institutional Design, Civilization or Prior Regime Type? Explaining Cross National Variation in Civil Society," (paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999).
26. In addition to Bunce's arguments cited earlier, see among many others M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). Piotr Sztompka, "Dilemmas of the Great Transition," Sisyphus 2 (1992): 9-27; Sarah M. Terry, "Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?" Slavic Review 52 (Summer 1993): 333-37; Alejandro Moreno, "The Democratic-Authoritarian Cleavage in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 1990s," (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999); Marc Morje Howard, "Institutional Design, Civilization or Prior Regime Type? Explaining Cross National Variation in Civil Society," (paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999).
27. In addition to Bunce's arguments cited earlier, see among many others M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). Piotr Sztompka, "Dilemmas of the Great Transition," Sisyphus 2 (1992): 9-27; Sarah M. Terry, "Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?" Slavic Review 52 (Summer 1993): 333-37; Alejandro Moreno, "The Democratic-Authoritarian Cleavage in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 1990s," (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999); Marc Morje Howard, "Institutional Design, Civilization or Prior Regime Type? Explaining Cross National Variation in Civil Society," (paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999).
28. In addition to Bunce's arguments cited earlier, see among many others M. Steven Fish, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994). Piotr Sztompka, "Dilemmas of the Great Transition," Sisyphus 2 (1992): 9-27; Sarah M. Terry, "Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?" Slavic Review 52 (Summer 1993): 333-37; Alejandro Moreno, "The Democratic-Authoritarian Cleavage in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 1990s," (paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999); Marc Morje Howard, "Institutional Design, Civilization or Prior Regime Type? Explaining Cross National Variation in Civil Society," (paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1999).
29. Some of the criticisms have been set forth in Anthony P. Spanakos and Howard J. Wiarda, "Comparative Perspectives on Southern European Democratization," Portuguese Studies Review, V (Fall-Winter, 1996-1997) 93-6.