Modelling impacts of wildlife tourism on animal communities: A case study from royal chitwan national park, nepal?

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 514-529

  Curry, Brad ^a   Moore, Wayne ^a   Bauer, Johannes ^a   Cosgriff, Kevin ^a   Lipscombe, Neil ^a  

^a CHARLES STURT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; PROTECTED AREA; TOURISM MANAGEMENT;

NEPAL; ROYAL CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK;

EID: 0035732684     PISSN: 09669582     EISSN: 17477646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09669580108667418     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Amstrup, S.C. (1993) Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska. Arctic 46 (3) , 246-250.
2. Banskota, K., Sharma, B., Sharna, U. And Rijal, A. (1996) Royal Chitwan National Park after twenty years: An Assessment of Values, Threats and Opportunities. Nepal: King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation.
3. Behrend, D.F. And Lubeck, R.A. (1968) Summer flight behaviour of white-tailed deer in two Adirondack forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 32 (3) , 615-18.
4. Brody, A.J. And Pelton, M.R. (1989) Effects of roads on black bear movements in western North Carolina. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17, 5-10.
5. Bury, R.L. (1978) Impacts of snowmobiles on wildlife. Transactions of the 43rd North Amer ican Wildlife Conference 43, 149-56.
6. Cosgriff, K. (1997) Wildlife tourism in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. BAppSc Honours Thesis, Charles Sturt University.
7. Cosgriff, K., Lipscombe, N. And Bauer, J. (1998a) An Assessment of the Impacts of Tourist Activity on Large Mammals in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Johnstone Centre Report 116. Albury: Charles Sturt University.
8. Cosgriff, K., Lipscombe, N. And Bauer, J. (1998b) The Effects of Tourism Usage in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal-the Development of a Methodology. Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Gold Coast, Australia
9. Cosgriff, K., Lipscombe, N. And Bauer, J. (1999) Tourist/Wildlife Interactions in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Ecoprint-An International Journal of Ecology 6 (1) , 1-7. Kathmandu, Nepal.
10. Department of Survey (1984) Chitwan District, Narayani Zone. Nepal: His Majesty's Government.
11. Dorrance M.J., Savage, P.J. And Huff, D.E. (1975) Effects of snowmobiles on white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 39 (3) , 563-69.
12. Eckstein, R.G., O'Brien, T.F., Rongstad, O.J. And Bollinger, J.G. (1979) Snowmobile effects on movements of white-tailed deer: A case study. Environmental Conservation 6 (1) , 45-51.
13. Elgmork, K. (1978) Human impact on a brown bear population (Ursus arctis).Biological Conservation 13, 81-103.
14. Fagen, J.M. And Fagen, R. (1994) Interactions between wildlife viewers and habituated brown bears, 1987-1992. Natural Areas Journal 14 (3) , 159-64.
15. Freddy, D.J., Bronaugh, W.M. And Fowler, M.C. (1986) Responses of mule deer to distur bance by persons afoot and in snowmobiles. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14, 63-8.
16. Hamr, J. (1988) Disturbance behaviour of chamois in an alpine tourist area of Austria. Mountain Research and Development 8 (1) , 65-73.
17. Hicks, L.L. And Elder, J.M. (1979) Human disturbance of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep. Journal of Wildlife Management 43 (4) , 909-15.
18. Horejsi, B.L. (1981) Behavioural response of barren ground caribou to a moving vehicle. Arctic 34 (2) , 180-5.
19. Jeppesen, J.L. (1987) The disturbing effects of orienteering and hunting on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Danish Review of Game Biology 13 (3) , 1-24.
20. King, M.M. And Workman, G.W. (1986) Response of desert bighorn sheep to human harassment: Management implications. Transactions of the 51st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference (pp. 75-85).
21. Krausman, P.R. And Hervert, J.J. (1983) Mountain sheep responses to aerial surveys. Wild life Society Bulletin 11 (4) , 372-5.
22. Krausman, P.R., Leopold, B.D. And Scarbrough, D.L. (1986) Desert mule deer response to aircraft. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14, 68-70.
23. Langbein, J. And Putman, R.J. (1992) Behavioural responses of park red and fallow deer to disturbance and effects on population performance. Animal Welfare 1, 19-38.
24. Larman C. (1998) Applying UML and patterns. Sydney: Prentice-Hall.
25. Lipscombe, N. (1998) An Assessment of Visitor Management in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Using Importance/Performance Analysis. Johnstone Centre Report 113. Albury: Charles Sturt University.
26. Lott, D.F. And McCoy, M. (1995) Asian rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis on the run? Impact of tourist visits on one rhino population. Biological Conservation 73, 23-6.
27. MacArthur, R., Geist, V. And Johnston, R. (1982) Cardiac and behavioural responses of mountain sheep to human disturbance. Journal of Wildlife Management 46, 351-8.
28. MacArthur, R.A., Johnston, R.H. And Geist, V. (1979) Factors influencing heart rate in free-ranging bighorn sheep: A physiological approach to the study of wildlife harass ment. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57, 2010-21.
29. Mace, R.D., Waller, J.S., Manley, T.L., Lyon, L.J. And Zuuring, H. (1996) Relationships among grizzly bears, roads and habitat in the Swan Mountains, Montana. Journal of Applied Ecology 33, 1395-1404.
30. Manville, A. (1983) Human impact on the black bear in Michigan's lower peninsula. Inter national Conference on Bear Research and Management 5, 20-33.
31. McLellan, B. And Shackleton, D. (1988) Grizzly bears and resource-extraction industries: Effects of roads on behaviour, habitat use and demography. Journal of Applied Ecology 25, 451-60.
32. O'Donovan, D., Hindle, J.E., McKeown, S. And O'Donovan, S. (1993) Effect of visitors on the behaviour of female cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus and cubs. International Zoological Yearbook 332, 238-44.
33. Richens, V.B. And Lavigne, G.R. (1978) Response of white-tailed deer to snowmobiles and snowmobile trails in Maine. Canadian Field Naturalist 92, 334-44.
34. Rost, G.R. And Bailey, J.A. (1979) Disturbance of mule deer and elk in relation to roads. Journal of Wildlife Management 43 (3) , 634-41.
35. Sharma, T. (1997) Tourism use satisfaction of tourists in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Unpublished Project Paper, Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara.
36. Shrestha, T. (1997) Mammals of Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Bimala Shrestha.
37. Singer, F.J. And Beattie, J.B. (1986) The controlled traffic system and associated wildlife responses in Denali National Park. Arctic 39 (3) , 195-203.
38. Shultz, R. D. And Bailey, J.A. (1978) Responses of national park elk to human activity. Journal of Wildlife Management 42 (1) , 91-100.
39. Stockwell, C.A., Bateman, G.C and Berger, J. (1991) Conflicts in national parks: A case study of helicopters and bighorn sheep time budgets in the Grand Canyon. Biological Conservation 56, 317-28.
40. Thurber, J.M., Peterson, R.O., Drummer, T.D. And Thomasma, S.A. (1994) Gray wolf response to refuge boundaries and roads in Alaska. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22, 61-8.
41. Tyler, N.J.C. (1991) Short-term behavioral responses of Svalbard Reindeer Rangifertarandusplatyrhynchus to direct provocation by a snowmobile Biological Conser vation 56, 179-94.
42. Wells, M. (1993) Neglect of biological riches: The economics of nature tourism in Nepal. Biodiversity and Conservation 2, 445-64.
43. Yarmoloy, C., Bayer, M. And Geist, V. (1988) Behavioural responses and reproduction of mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus, does following experimental harassment with an all-terrain vehicle. Canadian Field Naturalist 102, 425-9