Same-sex sexuality in western women's history

Frontiers

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 13-21

  Boyd, Nan Alamilla ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035662032     PISSN: 01609009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3347235     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Nan Alamilla Boyd, Wide Open Town: A Queer History of San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, forthcoming, 2002).
2. Reba Hudson, interviewed by the author, May 29, 1992, San Francisco, California. Mona's is also described in Lonnie Coleman's short story "Bird of Paradise" in Coleman, Ship's Company (New York: Dell, 1957), 126-27.
3. San Francisco Life, July 1942, 30.
4. Eric Garber, "Gladys Bentley: The Bulldagger Who Sang the Blues," OUT/LOOK, 1:1 (1988): 52-61.
5. On Bentley in Harlem, see Pearl Bailey, The Raw Pearl (New York: Harcourt, Brace, World, 1968), 20; Willie Smith, Music on My Mind: The Memories of an American Pianist (Garden City: Doubleday, 1964), 159; and Langston Hughes, The Big Sea (1940; reprint, New York: Hill & Wang, 1963), 225-27. See also, the Gladys Bentley files in the Eric Garber Collection, the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society (GLBTHS) of Northern California, San Francisco, California.
6. On Bentley in Harlem, see Pearl Bailey, The Raw Pearl (New York: Harcourt, Brace, World, 1968), 20; Willie Smith, Music on My Mind: The Memories of an American Pianist (Garden City: Doubleday, 1964), 159; and Langston Hughes, The Big Sea (1940; reprint, New York: Hill & Wang, 1963), 225-27. See also, the Gladys Bentley files in the Eric Garber Collection, the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society (GLBTHS) of Northern California, San Francisco, California.
7. On Bentley in Harlem, see Pearl Bailey, The Raw Pearl (New York: Harcourt, Brace, World, 1968), 20; Willie Smith, Music on My Mind: The Memories of an American Pianist (Garden City: Doubleday, 1964), 159; and Langston Hughes, The Big Sea (1940; reprint, New York: Hill & Wang, 1963), 225-27. See also, the Gladys Bentley files in the Eric Garber Collection, the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society (GLBTHS) of Northern California, San Francisco, California.
8. Los Angeles Times, February 21, 1940.
9. San Francisco Life, February 1943, 21.
10. Reba Hudson interview, 1992.
11. Through the 1940s, lesbian and gay nightclubs were policed by the San Francisco Police Department, the California Alcoholic Beverage Control Board, and the U.S. Armed Forces Disciplinary Control Board.
12. Mona (Sargent) Hood, interviewed by the author, July 25, 1992, Santa Rosa, California.
13. Mona (Sargent) Hood interview, 1992.
14. On the psychology of sex tourism, see Erik Cohen, "A Phenomenology of Tourist Experiences," Sociology 13:2 (1979): 179-201.
15. On "race tourism" or "ethnic tourism," see Wayne Martin Mellinger, "Toward a Critical Analysis of Tourism Representations," Annals of Tourism Research 21:4 (1994): 756-79; Patricia Jasen, "Native People and the Tourist Industry in Nineteenth-Century Ontario," Journal of Canadian Studies 28:4 (1994): 5-23; and Martha Norkunas, The Politics of Public Memory: Tourist Culture, History, and Ethnicity in America (New York: SUNY Press, 1993).
16. On "race tourism" or "ethnic tourism," see Wayne Martin Mellinger, "Toward a Critical Analysis of Tourism Representations," Annals of Tourism Research 21:4 (1994): 756-79; Patricia Jasen, "Native People and the Tourist Industry in Nineteenth-Century Ontario," Journal of Canadian Studies 28:4 (1994): 5-23; and Martha Norkunas, The Politics of Public Memory: Tourist Culture, History, and Ethnicity in America (New York: SUNY Press, 1993).
17. On "race tourism" or "ethnic tourism," see Wayne Martin Mellinger, "Toward a Critical Analysis of Tourism Representations," Annals of Tourism Research 21:4 (1994): 756-79; Patricia Jasen, "Native People and the Tourist Industry in Nineteenth-Century Ontario," Journal of Canadian Studies 28:4 (1994): 5-23; and Martha Norkunas, The Politics of Public Memory: Tourist Culture, History, and Ethnicity in America (New York: SUNY Press, 1993).
18. Chalsa M. Loo and Connie Young Yu, "Heartland of Gold: A Historical Overview," in Chinatown: Most Time, Hard Time, ed. Chalsa M. Loo (New York: Praeger, 1991), 31-56. On Vancouver's Chinatown and an analysis of race tourism, see Kay Anderson, "Engendering Race Research: Unsettling the Self-Other Dichotomy," in Body-space: Destabalizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality, ed. Nancy Duncan (New York: Routledge, 1996), 197-211.
19. Chalsa M. Loo and Connie Young Yu, "Heartland of Gold: A Historical Overview," in Chinatown: Most Time, Hard Time, ed. Chalsa M. Loo (New York: Praeger, 1991), 31-56. On Vancouver's Chinatown and an analysis of race tourism, see Kay Anderson, "Engendering Race Research: Unsettling the Self-Other Dichotomy," in Body-space: Destabalizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality, ed. Nancy Duncan (New York: Routledge, 1996), 197-211.
20. Judy Yung, Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); "S.F. Vice Raids Net 62 in Lottery Dens," San Francisco Call-Bulletin, March 7, 1938; and "Jail 52 More in Vice Raids," Call-Bulletin, March 3, 1938.
21. Judy Yung, Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); "S.F. Vice Raids Net 62 in Lottery Dens," San Francisco Call-Bulletin, March 7, 1938; and "Jail 52 More in Vice Raids," Call-Bulletin, March 3, 1938.
22. Judy Yung, Unbound Feet: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995); "S.F. Vice Raids Net 62 in Lottery Dens," San Francisco Call-Bulletin, March 7, 1938; and "Jail 52 More in Vice Raids," Call-Bulletin, March 3, 1938.
23. Ivan Light, "From Vice District to Tourist Attraction: The Moral Career of American Chinatowns, 1880-1940," Pacific Historical Review 43:3 (1974): 383. See also Victor G. Nee and Brett de Bary Nee, Longtime Californ': A Documentary Study of an American Chinatown (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1972), xi-xxvii.
24. Ivan Light, "From Vice District to Tourist Attraction: The Moral Career of American Chinatowns, 1880-1940," Pacific Historical Review 43:3 (1974): 383. See also Victor G. Nee and Brett de Bary Nee, Longtime Californ': A Documentary Study of an American Chinatown (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1972), xi-xxvii.
25. Light, "From Vice District to Tourist Attraction," 385.
26. Popular with locals, tourists, and, later, military personnel, the Forbidden City's combination of sex and race tourism attracted a significant queer clientele. See San Francisco Life, December 1938, 29, and February 1939, 31. On Charlie Low, see Thomas W. Chinn, Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco, Chinatown and its People (San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society, 1989), 217-20. See also, Arthur Dong's documentary film, Forbidden City U.S.A., video, 56 min., Deep Focus Productions, Los Angeles, California, 1989.
27. Popular with locals, tourists, and, later, military personnel, the Forbidden City's combination of sex and race tourism attracted a significant queer clientele. See San Francisco Life, December 1938, 29, and February 1939, 31. On Charlie Low, see Thomas W. Chinn, Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco, Chinatown and its People (San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society, 1989), 217-20. See also, Arthur Dong's documentary film, Forbidden City U.S.A., video, 56 min., Deep Focus Productions, Los Angeles, California, 1989.
28. Popular with locals, tourists, and, later, military personnel, the Forbidden City's combination of sex and race tourism attracted a significant queer clientele. See San Francisco Life, December 1938, 29, and February 1939, 31. On Charlie Low, see Thomas W. Chinn, Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco, Chinatown and its People (San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society, 1989), 217-20. See also, Arthur Dong's documentary film, Forbidden City U.S.A., video, 56 min., Deep Focus Productions, Los Angeles, California, 1989.
29. San Francisco's world's fair (the Golden Gate International Exposition) ran from February 19, 1939, to September 2, 1940. On the impact of world's fairs on tourism in American cities, see John A. Jakle, The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century America (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 252-54; and Warren Susman, "The People's Fair: Cultural Contradictions of a Consumer Society," in Dawn of a New Day: The New York World's Fair, 1939-1949, ed. Helen A. Harrison (New York: New York University Press, 1980).
30. San Francisco's world's fair (the Golden Gate International Exposition) ran from February 19, 1939, to September 2, 1940. On the impact of world's fairs on tourism in American cities, see John A. Jakle, The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century America (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 252-54; and Warren Susman, "The People's Fair: Cultural Contradictions of a Consumer Society," in Dawn of a New Day: The New York World's Fair, 1939-1949, ed. Helen A. Harrison (New York: New York University Press, 1980).
31. David Nasaw, Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements (New York: Basic Books, 1993), 66-75.
32. Richard Reinhardt, Treasure Island: San Francisco's Exposition Years (San Francisco: Scrimshaw Press, 1973), 81.
33. By 1955, with the explosion of postwar tourism and the incorporation of Chinese American interests into city politics, the San Francisco Police Department abolished its eighty-year-old special Chinatown squad, foreshadowing the incipient strength of the city's lesbian and gay communities. See, "About Special Squads," Police and Peace Officer's Journal, San Francisco Edition, July-August, 1955, 15; and "Out of the Shadows," Newsweek, August 15, 1955, 19-20.
34. By 1955, with the explosion of postwar tourism and the incorporation of Chinese American interests into city politics, the San Francisco Police Department abolished its eighty-year-old special Chinatown squad, foreshadowing the incipient strength of the city's lesbian and gay communities. See, "About Special Squads," Police and Peace Officer's Journal, San Francisco Edition, July-August, 1955, 15; and "Out of the Shadows," Newsweek, August 15, 1955, 19-20.
35. San Francisco Life, August 1941, 30.
36. San Francisco Life, January 1943, 21.
37. Cohen, "Phenomenology," 186-93; Malcolm Crick, "Representations of International Tourism in the Social Sciences: Sun, Sex, Sights, Savings, and Servility," Annual Review of Anthropology 18 (1989): 307-44; and David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32:2 (1994): 3-31.
38. Cohen, "Phenomenology," 186-93; Malcolm Crick, "Representations of International Tourism in the Social Sciences: Sun, Sex, Sights, Savings, and Servility," Annual Review of Anthropology 18 (1989): 307-44; and David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32:2 (1994): 3-31.
39. Cohen, "Phenomenology," 186-93; Malcolm Crick, "Representations of International Tourism in the Social Sciences: Sun, Sex, Sights, Savings, and Servility," Annual Review of Anthropology 18 (1989): 307-44; and David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32:2 (1994): 3-31.
40. Robert F. Reid-Pharr, "The Spectacle of Blackness," Radical America 24:4 (1993): 57-65.