The New York Times' conformity to AAPOR standards of disclosure for the reporting of public opinion polls

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 484-502

  Marton, Krisztina ^a   Stephens, Lowndes F ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035650275     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900107800306     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. George Horace Gallup and Saul Forbes Rae, The Pulse Of Democracy: The Public-Opinion Poll And How It Works (NY: Simon and Schuster, 1940).
2. Maxwell E. McCombs, Edna F. Einsiedel, and David H. Weaver, Contemporary Public Opinion: Issues And The News, Communication Textbook Series Journalism (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1991); Susan Herbst, Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics, American Politics And Political Economy Series (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993); Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (NY: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922).
3. Maxwell E. McCombs, Edna F. Einsiedel, and David H. Weaver, Contemporary Public Opinion: Issues And The News, Communication Textbook Series Journalism (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1991); Susan Herbst, Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics, American Politics And Political Economy Series (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993); Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (NY: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922).
4. Maxwell E. McCombs, Edna F. Einsiedel, and David H. Weaver, Contemporary Public Opinion: Issues And The News, Communication Textbook Series Journalism (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1991); Susan Herbst, Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics, American Politics And Political Economy Series (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993); Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (NY: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922).
5. Irving Crespi, The Public Opinion Process: How The People Speak (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1997).
6. Crespi, The Public Opinion Process: How The People Speak.
7. Nicholas von Hoffman, "Public Opinion Polls: Newspapers Making Their Own News?" Public Opinion Quarterly 44 (winter 1980): 572-73.
8. Michael Schudson, The Good Citizen: A History Of American Civic Life (NY: Martin Kessler Books, 1998), 228.
9. Schudson, The Good Citizen: A History Of American Civic Life, 307.
10. Schudson, The Good Citizen: A History Of American Civic Life, 224.
11. Schudson, The Good Citizen: A History Of American Civic Life, 228.
12. Jay Rosen, What Are Journalists For? (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 113.
13. "AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics and Practices," available at http://www.aapor.org/ethics/code.html, III. Standard for Minimal Disclosure (1986).
14. Arnold H. Ismach, "Polling As A News-Gathering Tool," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 472 (March 1984): 108.
15. Ismach, "Polling As A News-Gathering Tool," 108.
16. Everett Carll Ladd and John Benson, "The Growth of News Polls in American Politics," in Media Polls in American Politics, ed. Thomas E. Mann, Gary R. Orren, and Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, and Public Policy (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, 1992), 19-31.
17. Michael R. Kagay, "The Evolving Use Of Public Opinion Polls By The New York Times In The 1992 Presidential Election," in Presidential Polls and the News Media, ed. Paul J. Lavrakas, Michael W. Traugott, and Peter V. Miller, (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995), 123-43.
18. Thomas E. Mann and Gary R. Orren, "To Poll Or Not To Poll... And Other Questions," in Media Polls in American Politics, ed. Thomas E. Mann, Gary R. Orren, and Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, and Public Policy (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, 1992), 1-18.
19. Irving Crespi, Public Opinion, Polls, And Democracy (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989).
20. Sheldon R. Gawiser and G. Evans Witt, "20 Questions for Journalists," National Council on Public Polls, available at .
21. Michael W. Traugott and Paul J. Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers, Inc., 1996), 134-44.
22. Traugott and Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls, 134-44.
23. Traugott and Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls, 134-44.
24. Burns W. Roper, "Are Polls Accurate?" in The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1990), 218-32.
25. Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang, "Polling On Watergate: The Battle For Public Opinion," Public Opinion Quarterly 44 (winter 1980): 539.
26. Lang and Lang, "Polling On Watergate: The Battle For Public Opinion," 530-47.
27. Traugott and Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls, 134-44.
28. Roper, "Are Polls Accurate?" 218-32.
29. David Gergen and William Schambra, "Pollsters And Polling" in The Classics of Polling, ed. Michael L. Young (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1990), 181-92.
30. Traugott and Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls, 134-144.
31. David L. Paletz, Jonathan Y. Short, Helen Baker, Barbara Cookman Campbell, Richard J. Cooper, and Rochelle M. Oeslander, "Polls In The Media: Content, Credibility, And Consequences," Public Opinion Quarterly 44 (winter 1980): 495-513.
32. Paletz et al., "Polls In The Media: Content, Credibility, And Consequences," 502.
33. Paletz et al., "Polls In The Media: Content, Credibility, And Consequences," 495-513.
34. Phyllis Endreny, "How The 'Times' And CBS Report Their Own Poll, Journalism Quarterly 59 (spring 1982): 112-16.
35. Endreny, "How The Times' And CBS Report Their Own Poll," 113.
36. M. Mark Miller and Robert Hurd, "Conformity To AAPOR Standards In Newspaper Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls," Public Opinion Quarterly 46 (summer 1982): 243-49.
37. Miller and Hurd, "Conformity To AAPOR Standards In Newspaper Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls," 249.
38. See Michael B. Salwen, "The Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls During Presidential Years, 1968-1984," Journalism Quarterly 62 (summer 1985): 272-77, and Michael B. Salwen, "Does Poll Coverage Improve As Presidential Vote Nears?" Journalism Quarterly 62 (winter 1985): 887-91.
39. See Michael B. Salwen, "The Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls During Presidential Years, 1968-1984," Journalism Quarterly 62 (summer 1985): 272-77, and Michael B. Salwen, "Does Poll Coverage Improve As Presidential Vote Nears?" Journalism Quarterly 62 (winter 1985): 887-91.
40. Miller and Hurd, "Conformity To AAPOR Standards In Newspaper Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls," 244.
41. "AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics and Practices," http:// www.aapor.org/ethics/code.html, III. Standard for Minimal Disclosure (1986).
42. Traugott and Lavrakas, The Voter's Guide To Election Polls, 166.
43. Mann and Orren, "To Poll Or Not To Poll... And Other Questions," 3.
44. Gerald M. Kosicki and Paul J. Lavrakas, "Mixing Literary Journalism And Precision Journalism In The Coverage Of The 1996 Presidential Election," in Election Polls, The News Media, And Democracy, ed. Paul J. Lavrakas and Michael W. Traugott (NY: Chatam House Publishers, 2000), 157.
45. Kagay, "The Evolving Use Of Public Opinion Polls By The New York Times In The 1992 Presidential Election," 191.
46. Michael R. Kagay, personal communication, 27 March 2001.
47. Kagay, personal communication, 27 March 2001.
48. Miller and Hurd, "Conformity To AAPOR Standards In Newspaper Reporting Of Public Opinion Polls," 247.
49. Kagay, personal communication, 27 March 2001.
50. Paletz et al., "Polls In The Media: Content, Credibility, And Consequences," 495-511.
51. Paletz et al., "Polls In The Media: Content, Credibility, And Consequences," 506.