From synthetic methods to γ-peptides -from chemistry to biology

Chimia

Volumn 55, Issue 10, 2001, Pages 831-838

  Seebach, Dieter ^a   Beck, Albert K ^b   Brenner, Meinrad ^b   Gaul, Christoph ^b   Heckel, Alexander ^b  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Chiral formyl anion equivalent; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; TADDOL; Peptides; Peptides

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035649110     PISSN: 00094293     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
2. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
3. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
4. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
5. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
6. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
7. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
8. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
9. See the articles published in 'Modern Synthetic Methods', Ed. R. Scheffold, Vol. 1-4 (Sauerländer AG, Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Frankfurt/Aarau; Salle + Sauerländer, Aarau, and J. Wiley and Sons, New York; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo), 'Verwendung von Schwefel- und Selenderivaten in der Organischen Synthese' (1976); 'Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure Compounds (EPC-Syntheses)'; - 'Tartaric Acid, an Ideal Source of Chiral Building Blocks for Synthesis?' (1980); 'Titanium and Zirconium Derivatives in Organic Synthesis. A Review with Procedures' (1983); 'EPC Syntheses with C,C Bond Formation via Acetals and Enamines' (1986). For reviews on the use of 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids, of nitroaliphatic compounds, of nitrosamines, and on reactions at temperatures below -75 °C, see D. Seebach, S. Roggo, J. Zimmermann, in 'Stereochemistry of Organic and Bioorganic Transformations', Workshop Conferences Hoechst, Vol. 17, Eds. W. Bartmann, K.B. Sharpless, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1987, p. 85; D. Seebach, D. Enders, Angew. Chem. 1975, 87, 1; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1975, 14, 15; D. Seebach, E.W. Colvin, F. Lehr, T. Weller, Chimia 1979, 33, 1; D. Seebach, A. Hidber, Chimia 1983, 37, 449.
10. Pestalotin, Frontalin, Delesserin, Macrostomin, Lycorin, Ophiocarpin, Corlumin, Gloeosporon, Myxovirescin, Pyrenophorin, Grahamimycin, Colletodiol, Conglobatin, Elaiophylin, see the references cited in: D. Seebach, H.-F. Chow, R. F.W. Jackson, M.A. Sutter, S. Thaisrivongs, J. Zimmermann, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1986, 1281; M.A. Maestro, M. Sefkow, D. Seebach, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1994, 731.
11. Pestalotin, Frontalin, Delesserin, Macrostomin, Lycorin, Ophiocarpin, Corlumin, Gloeosporon, Myxovirescin, Pyrenophorin, Grahamimycin, Colletodiol, Conglobatin, Elaiophylin, see the references cited in: D. Seebach, H.-F. Chow, R. F.W. Jackson, M.A. Sutter, S. Thaisrivongs, J. Zimmermann, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1986, 1281; M.A. Maestro, M. Sefkow, D. Seebach, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1994, 731.
12. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
13. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
14. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
15. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
16. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
17. NMR and X-ray structures of organolithium compounds, see for instance: D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1988, 100, 1685; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1624; H. Siegel, Topics in Current Chemistry 1982, 106, 55; J. Heinzer, J.F.M. Oth, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1985, 68, 1848; D. Seebach, R. Hässig, J. Gabriel, Helv. Chim. Acta 1983, 66, 308; D. Seebach, J. Gabriel, R. Hässig, Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1083.
18. Use of thermophilic microorganisms for synthetic transformations. Role of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in biology, biological and pharmacological studies with β-peptides: a) D. Seebach, M.F. Züger, F. Giovannini, B. Sonnleitner, A. Fiechter, Angew. Chem. 1984, 96, 155; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 151;
19. Use of thermophilic microorganisms for synthetic transformations. Role of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in biology, biological and pharmacological studies with β-peptides: a) D. Seebach, M.F. Züger, F. Giovannini, B. Sonnleitner, A. Fiechter, Angew. Chem. 1984, 96, 155; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 151;
20. b) H.-M. Müller, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 477;
21. b) H.-M. Müller, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1993, 105, 483; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 477;
22. c) D. Seebach, S. Abele, J.V. Schreiber, B. Martinoni, A.K. Nussbaum, H. Schild, H. Schulz, H. Hennecke, R. Woessner, F. Bitsch, Chimia 1998, 52, 734.
23. Spring Meeting of the New Swiss Chemical Society 1997 on Industrial Asymmetric Synthesis: D. Seebach, A.K. Beck, 'Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions from Research to Application. Diarylmethanol-Containing Auxiliaries as a Study Case', Chimia 1997, 51, 293; ILMAC 99, Retrospective/COST Chemistry Symposium: D. Seebach, 'TADDOLs - from Enantioselective Catalysis to Dendritic Cross Linkers to Cholesteric Liquid Crystals', Chimia 2000, 54, 60.
24. Spring Meeting of the New Swiss Chemical Society 1997 on Industrial Asymmetric Synthesis: D. Seebach, A.K. Beck, 'Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions from Research to Application. Diarylmethanol-Containing Auxiliaries as a Study Case', Chimia 1997, 51, 293; ILMAC 99, Retrospective/COST Chemistry Symposium: D. Seebach, 'TADDOLs -from Enantioselective Catalysis to Dendritic Cross Linkers to Cholesteric Liquid Crystals', Chimia 2000, 54, 60.
25. The Academic Polymer Scene in Switzerland, PGS: D. Seebach, A. K. Beck, M. Rueping, J.V. Schreiber, H. Seilner, 'Excursions of Synthetic Organic Chemists to the World of Oligomers and Polymers', Chimia 2001, 55, 98.
26. a) D. Seebach, A.K. Beck, A. Heckel, 'TADDOLe, ihre Derivate und Analoga - vielseitige chirale Hilfstoffe', Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 96; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 92;
27. a) D. Seebach, A.K. Beck, A. Heckel, 'TADDOLe, ihre Derivate und Analoga - vielseitige chirale Hilfstoffe', Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 96; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 92;
28. b) D. Seebach, A.K. Beck, A. Heckel, 'TADDOL and its Derivatives - Our Dream of a Universal Chiral Auxiliary', in 'Essays in Contemporary Chemistry', Eds. G. Quinkert, V. Kisakürek, VHCA, Zürich, 2001, p. 283.
29. D. Seebach, P.B. Rheiner, G. Greiveldinger, T. Butz, H. Sellner, 'Chiral Dendrimers', in 'Topics in Current Chemistry: Dendrimers', Ed. F. Vögtle, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 1998, Vol. 197, p. 125.
30. Chemical Biology/Biological Chemistry in Switzerland: D. Seebach, M. Albert, P. I. Arvidsson, M. Rueping, J.V. Schreiber, 'From the Biopolymer PHB to Biological Investigations of Unnatural β- and γ-Peptides', Chimia 2001, 55, 345.
31. D. Seebach, J.L. Matthews, 'β-Peptides: a surprise at every turn', Chem. Commun. 1997, 2015; K. Gademann, T. Hintermann, J.V. Schreiber, 'β-Peptides: Twisting and Turning', Curr. Med. Chem. 1999, 6, 905.
32. D. Seebach, J.L. Matthews, 'β-Peptides: a surprise at every turn', Chem. Commun. 1997, 2015; K. Gademann, T. Hintermann, J.V. Schreiber, 'β-Peptides: Twisting and Turning', Curr. Med. Chem. 1999, 6, 905.
33. M. Aoki, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 2001, 84, 187.
34. 'Peroxide Chemistry', Ed. W. Adam, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000.
35. P.J. Comina, A.K. Beck, D. Seebach, 'A Simple Batch Reactor for the Efficient Multiple Use of Polymer-Bound α,α,α',α'-Tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol Titanates in the Nucleophilic Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Aldehydes', Org. Process Res. Dev. 1998, 2, 18; D. Seebach, R.E. Marti, T. Hintermann, Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 1710.
36. P.J. Comina, A.K. Beck, D. Seebach, 'A Simple Batch Reactor for the Efficient Multiple Use of Polymer-Bound α,α,α',α'-Tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol Titanates in the Nucleophilic Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to Aldehydes', Org. Process Res. Dev. 1998, 2, 18; D. Seebach, R.E. Marti, T. Hintermann, Helv. Chim. Acta 1996, 79, 1710.
37. H. Sellner, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 2039; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1918.
38. H. Sellner, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 2039; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1918.
39. A. Heckel, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 165; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 163.
40. A. Heckel, D. Seebach, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 165; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 163.
41. A. Heckel, ETH Diss. Nr. 14310, 2001. C. Gaul, M. Brenner, part of the projected Ph.D. theses, ETH Zürich, hitherto unpublished results.
42. T. Hintermann, ETH Diss. Nr. 12964, 1998.
43. T. Hintermann, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1998, 81, 2093.
44. D.A. Evans, Aldrichim. Acta. 1982, 15, 23; D.J. Ager, I. Prakash, D.R. Schaad, Aldrichim. Acta. 1997, 30, 3.
45. D.A. Evans, Aldrichim. Acta. 1982, 15, 23; D.J. Ager, I. Prakash, D.R. Schaad, Aldrichim. Acta. 1997, 30, 3.
46. Shiratori Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan. DIOZ is also offered by Onyx Scientific, Ltd., UK.
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53. f) S. Fukuzawa, H. Matsuzawa, S. Yoshimitsu, J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 1702.
54. M. Brenner, D. Seebach, Helv. Chim. Acta 1999, 82, 2365.
55. C. Gaul, D. Seebach, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1501; C. Gaul, K. Schärer, D. Seebach, J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3059.
56. C. Gaul, D. Seebach, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1501; C. Gaul, K. Schärer, D. Seebach, J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3059.
57. C. Gaul, P.I. Arvidsson, W. Bauer, R.E. Gawley, D. Seebach, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4117.
58. H. Mahler, M. Braun, Chem. Ber. 1991, 124, 1379; V.K. Aggarwal, A. Thomas, S. Schade, Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 16213; N. Kise, T. Urai, J. Yoshida, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 3125; D. Enders, M. Bolkenius, J. Vazquez, J. M. Lassaletta, R. Fernandez, J. prakt. Chem. 1998, 340, 281; R.E. Gawley, Q. Zhang, A.T. McPhail, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 2093.
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