Effects of Some Dietary Factors on Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis

Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 681-686

  Karsli, Mehmet Akif ^a   Russell, James R ^b  

^a YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Intake; Microbial Protein Synthesis; Rates of Passages

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035621042     PISSN: 13000128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Hoover, W. H. and S. R. Stokes.: Balancing carbohydrates and proteins for optimum rumen microbial yield. J. Dairy Sci. 1991; 74: 3630-3645.
2. Stern, M. D. and W. H. Hoover.: Methods for determining and factors affecting rumen microbial protein synthesis: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 1979; 49: 1590-1602.
3. Nocek, J. E. and J. B. Russell.: Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial protein synthesis and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 1988; 71: 2070-2107.
4. Burroughs, W. A., A. H. Trenkle and R. L. Vetter.: A system of protein evaluation for cattle and sheep involving metabolizable protein (amino acids) and urea fermentation potential of feedstuffs. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 1974; 69: 713-722.
5. th Ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1996.
6. Beever, D. E. and B. R. Cottrill.: Protein systems for feeding ruminant livestock: A European Assessment. J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77: 2031-2043.
7. Gomes, M. J., F. D. Hovell and X. B. Chen.: The effect of starch supplementation of straw on microbial protein supply in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. and Technol. 1994; 49: 277-286.
8. Baldwin, R. L. and S. C. Denham.: Quantitative and dynamic aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: A modeling analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 1979; 49: 1631-1639.
9. Clark, J. H., T. H. Klusmeyer and M. R. Cameron.: Microbial protein synthesis and flow of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1992; 75: 2304-2323.
10. Djouvinov, D. S. and N. A. Todorov.: Influence of dry matter intake and passage rate on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep and its estimation by cannulation and a non-invasive method. Anim. Feed Sci. and Technol. 1994; 48: 289-304.
11. Czerkawski, J. W.: Chemical composition of microbial matter in the rumen. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 1976; 27: 621-627.
12. Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blummel and K. Becker.: In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 1995; 69: 481-489.
13. Sinclair, L. A., P. C. Garnworthy, J. R. Newbold and P. J. Buttery.: Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 1993; 120: 251-259.
14. Sinclair, L. A., P. C. Garnworthy, J. R. Newbold and P. J. Buttery.: Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen in diets with a similar carbohydrate composition on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 1995; 124: 463-472.
15. Cole, N. A., R. R. Johnson, F. N. Owens and J. R. Males.: Influence of roughage level and corn processing method on microbial protein synthesis by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1976; 43: 497-503.
16. Rode, L. M., D. C. Weakley and L. D. Satter.: Effect of forage amount and particle size in diets of lactating dairy cows on site of digestion and microbial protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1985; 65: 101-111.
17. Polan, C. E.: Update: Dietary protein and microbial protein contribution. J. Nutr. 1988; 118: 242-248.
18. Sniffen, C. J. and P. H. Robinson.: Symposium: Protein and fiber digestion, passage, and utilization in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1987; 70: 425-441.
19. 15N] urea. Br. J. Nutr. 1983; 50: 427-435.
20. De Visser, H., P. L. Van Der Togt, H. Huisert and S. Tamminga.: Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. Rumen degredation, fermentation and kinetics. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 1992; 40: 431-445.
21. Huber, J. T. and L. Kung, Jr. : Protein and nonprotein nitrogen utilization in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 1981; 64: 1170-1178.
22. Mathers, J. C. and E. L. Miller.: Quantitative studies of food protein degradation and the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep given chopped lucerne and rolled barley. Br. J. Nutr. 1981; 45: 587-604.
23. Broderick, G. A.: Desirable characteristics of forage legumes for improving protein utilization in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 1995; 73: 2760-2773.
24. Farquhar, A. S.: Kinetics of alfalfa nitrogen and cell wall disappearance from ruminally-incubated dacron bags. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University, Ames. 1985.
25. Yang, J. H., G. A. Broderick and R. G. Koegel.: Effect of heat treating alfalfa hay on chemical composition and ruminal in vitro protein degradation. J. Dairy Sci. 1993; 76: 154-163.
26. Mullahey, J. J., S. S. Waller, K. J. Moore, L. E. Moser and T. J. Klopfenstein.: In itu ruminal protein degradation of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass. Agron. J. 1992; 84: 183-188.
27. Salter, D. N., K. Daneshvar and R. H. Smith.: The origin of nitrogen incorporatedinto compound in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein-and urea-containing diets. Br. J. Nutr. 1979; 41: 197-209.
28. Herrera-Saldana, R., R. Gomez-Alarcon, M. Torabi and J. T. Huber.: Influence of synchronizing protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrient utilization and microbial protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 1990; 73: 142-148.
29. Henning, P. H., D. G. Steyn and H. H. Meissner.: Effect of synchronization of energy and nitrogen supply on ruminal characteristics and microbial growth. J. Anim. Sci. 1993; 71: 2516-2528.
30. Van Soest, P. J.: Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press. New York, NY. pp.476. 1994.
31. nd Ed.). Academic Prees. San Diego, CA. pp.175. 1992.
32. th Ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1984.
33. Stern, M. D., G. A. Varga, J. H. Clark, J. L. Firkins, J. Huber and D. L. Palmquist.: Symposium: Metabolic relationships in supply of nutrients for milk protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 1994; 77:2762-2786.
34. Williams, P. P. and E. D. William.: Amino acid and fatty acid composition of bovine ruminal bacteria and protozoa. J. Anim. Sci. 1973; 36: 151-155.