The Trans-sexual Citizen: Queering Sameness and Difference

Australian Feminist Studies

Volumn 16, Issue 35, 2001, Pages 185-192

  Mackie, Vera ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035618769     PISSN: 08164649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08164640120076023     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. 'World's First Transsexual MP Hides from Spotlight', The Press, Christchurch, Monday, 29 November 1999, p. 3.
2. Georgina Beyer and Cathy Casey, Change for the Better: the Story of Georgina Beyer as Told to Cathy Casey (Random House) Auckland, 1999.
3. 'Eunuch MP Vows to Expose Graft', Australian, Wednesday 8 March 2000, p. 9. On Western understandings of the hijra, see Pat Califia, Sex Changes: the Politics of Transgenderism (Cleis Press) San Francisco, 1997, pp. 145-7.
4. 'Eunuch MP Vows to Expose Graft', Australian, Wednesday 8 March 2000, p. 9. On Western understandings of the hijra, see Pat Califia, Sex Changes: the Politics of Transgenderism (Cleis Press) San Francisco, 1997, pp. 145-7.
5. For analysis of different mappings of sex, gender and sexuality, see Pat Caplan (ed.), The Cultural Construction of Sexuality (Tavistock) London, 1987, pp. 1-30; Rosalind C. Morris, 'Three Sexes and Four Sexualities: Redressing the Discourses on Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Thailand', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 15-43; Martin F. Manalanson, '(Dis)Orienting the Body; Locating Symbolic Resistance among Filipino Gay Men', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 73-90; Peter A. Jackson, 'Kathoey > < Gay > < Man: the Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity in Thailand' in Lenore Manderson and Margaret Jolly (eds), Sites of Desire: Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific (University of Chicago Press) Chicago, 1997, pp. 166-90; Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 (University of California Press) Berkeley, 1999.
6. For analysis of different mappings of sex, gender and sexuality, see Pat Caplan (ed.), The Cultural Construction of Sexuality (Tavistock) London, 1987, pp. 1-30; Rosalind C. Morris, 'Three Sexes and Four Sexualities: Redressing the Discourses on Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Thailand', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 15-43; Martin F. Manalanson, '(Dis)Orienting the Body; Locating Symbolic Resistance among Filipino Gay Men', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 73-90; Peter A. Jackson, 'Kathoey > < Gay > < Man: the Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity in Thailand' in Lenore Manderson and Margaret Jolly (eds), Sites of Desire: Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific (University of Chicago Press) Chicago, 1997, pp. 166-90; Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 (University of California Press) Berkeley, 1999.
7. For analysis of different mappings of sex, gender and sexuality, see Pat Caplan (ed.), The Cultural Construction of Sexuality (Tavistock) London, 1987, pp. 1-30; Rosalind C. Morris, 'Three Sexes and Four Sexualities: Redressing the Discourses on Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Thailand', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 15-43; Martin F. Manalanson, '(Dis)Orienting the Body; Locating Symbolic Resistance among Filipino Gay Men', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 73-90; Peter A. Jackson, 'Kathoey > < Gay > < Man: the Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity in Thailand' in Lenore Manderson and Margaret Jolly (eds), Sites of Desire: Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific (University of Chicago Press) Chicago, 1997, pp. 166-90; Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 (University of California Press) Berkeley, 1999.
8. For analysis of different mappings of sex, gender and sexuality, see Pat Caplan (ed.), The Cultural Construction of Sexuality (Tavistock) London, 1987, pp. 1-30; Rosalind C. Morris, 'Three Sexes and Four Sexualities: Redressing the Discourses on Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Thailand', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 15-43; Martin F. Manalanson, '(Dis)Orienting the Body; Locating Symbolic Resistance among Filipino Gay Men', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 73-90; Peter A. Jackson, 'Kathoey > < Gay > < Man: the Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity in Thailand' in Lenore Manderson and Margaret Jolly (eds), Sites of Desire: Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific (University of Chicago Press) Chicago, 1997, pp. 166-90; Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 (University of California Press) Berkeley, 1999.
9. For analysis of different mappings of sex, gender and sexuality, see Pat Caplan (ed.), The Cultural Construction of Sexuality (Tavistock) London, 1987, pp. 1-30; Rosalind C. Morris, 'Three Sexes and Four Sexualities: Redressing the Discourses on Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Thailand', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 15-43; Martin F. Manalanson, '(Dis)Orienting the Body; Locating Symbolic Resistance among Filipino Gay Men', Positions, vol. 2, no. 1, 1994, pp. 73-90; Peter A. Jackson, 'Kathoey > < Gay > < Man: the Historical Emergence of Gay Male Identity in Thailand' in Lenore Manderson and Margaret Jolly (eds), Sites of Desire: Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific (University of Chicago Press) Chicago, 1997, pp. 166-90; Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 (University of California Press) Berkeley, 1999.
10. Cf. Shane Phclan, 'Specificity: Beyond Equality and Difference', Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, 1991;
11. Carol Lee Bacchi, Same Difference (Allen & Unwin) Sydney, 1991;
12. Joan Scott, 'Deconstructing Equality versus Difference; or, the Uses of Post-structuralist Theory for Feminism', Feminist Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, Spring 1988
13. [revised as 'The Sears Case' in Joan Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press) New York, 1988];
14. Gisela Bock and Susan James (eds), Beyond Equality and Difference: Citizenship, Feminist Politics and Female Subjectivity (Routledge) London, 1992.
15. 'Cartoon Comment', The Press, Christchurch, Monday 29 November 1999, p. 4.
16. Takano Satoshi, '"Seitenkan Shujutsu" Iryô Kôi to shite Hatsu 30dai Josei Hantoshi kakete Kanryô', Mainichi Shinbun, 16 October 1998; accessed at 〈http://www.mainichi.co.jp/old-news/199810/16/ 1016e071-400.html〉, 25 October 1998; Newsplanet Staff, 'Japan's First Legal Sex Change', accessed at 〈http://www.ifga.org/news/1998/june/nws6058d.htm〉, 25 October 1998.
17. Takano Satoshi, '"Seitenkan Shujutsu" Iryô Kôi to shite Hatsu 30dai Josei Hantoshi kakete Kanryô', Mainichi Shinbun, 16 October 1998; accessed at 〈http://www.mainichi.co.jp/old-news/199810/16/ 1016e071-400.html〉, 25 October 1998; Newsplanet Staff, 'Japan's First Legal Sex Change', accessed at 〈http://www.ifga.org/news/1998/june/nws6058d.htm〉, 25 October 1998.
18. Cf. Susan Stryker, 'The Transgender Issue: an Introduction', GLQ, vol. 4, no. 2, 1998, pp. 145-58; Califia, Sex Changes: the Politics of Transgenderism, passim.
19. Cf. Susan Stryker, 'The Transgender Issue: an Introduction', GLQ, vol. 4, no. 2, 1998, pp. 145-58; Califia, Sex Changes: the Politics of Transgenderism, passim.
20. Moira Gatens, 'A Critique of the Sex-Gender Distinction' in Judith Allen and Paul Patton (eds), Intervention, no. 17, issue titled 'Beyond Marxism? Interventions after Marx', 1983; revised version in Moira Gatens, Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality (Routledge) London, 1996, pp. 3-20.
21. Moira Gatens, 'A Critique of the Sex-Gender Distinction' in Judith Allen and Paul Patton (eds), Intervention, no. 17, issue titled 'Beyond Marxism? Interventions after Marx', 1983; revised version in Moira Gatens, Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Power and Corporeality (Routledge) London, 1996, pp. 3-20.
22. Eugenic Protection Law, translation in Sachiko Sakamoto, 'Japanese Feminists: Their Struggle Against the Revision of the Eugenic Protection Law', unpublished MA dissertation, University of Hawaii, 1987, pp. 194-205.
23. On feminist campaigns on abortion law, see Sandra Buckley and Vera Mackie, 'Women in the New Japanese State' in Gavan McCormack and Yoshio Sugimoto (eds), Democracy, in Contemporary Japan (Hale & Iremonger) Sydney, 1986; Sandra Buckley, 'Body Politics' in Yoshio Sugimoto and Gavan McCormack (eds) Modernization and Beyond: the Japanese Trajectory (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge, 1988.
24. On feminist campaigns on abortion law, see Sandra Buckley and Vera Mackie, 'Women in the New Japanese State' in Gavan McCormack and Yoshio Sugimoto (eds), Democracy, in Contemporary Japan (Hale & Iremonger) Sydney, 1986; Sandra Buckley, 'Body Politics' in Yoshio Sugimoto and Gavan McCormack (eds) Modernization and Beyond: the Japanese Trajectory (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge, 1988.
25. Cf. Agora, no. 28, 1983.
26. Botai Hogo Hô, Article 3, accessed at 〈http://myriel.ads.fukushima-u.ac.jp/data/law/botai.html〉.
27. Mako Sennyo, 'Genzai Nihon de TG ga Chokumen suru Mondaiten' in Queer Studies Henshû Iinkai (eds), Queer Studies 1996: Queer Generation no Tanjô (Nanatsumori Shokan) Tokyo, 1997. Mako's article on the problems faced by transgendcred individuals in Japan (revised and reprinted from an earlier article) was apparently completed before the revision of the Eugenic Protection Law, but in the context of the present discussion is most useful for its survey of the social situation of transvestite, transgender and transsexual individuals in contemporary Japan.
28. Mako, 'Genzai Nihon de TG ga Chokumen suru Mondaiten', p. 101.
29. Cf. Nancy Fraser, 'What's Critical about Critical Theory? The Case of Habermas and Gender' in Seyla Benhabib and Drucilla Cornell (eds), Feminism as Critique (Polity Press) Cambridge, 1987; Nancy Fraser, 'Women, Welfare and the Politics of Need Interpretation' in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Polity Press) Cambridge, 1989.
30. Cf. Nancy Fraser, 'What's Critical about Critical Theory? The Case of Habermas and Gender' in Seyla Benhabib and Drucilla Cornell (eds), Feminism as Critique (Polity Press) Cambridge, 1987; Nancy Fraser, 'Women, Welfare and the Politics of Need Interpretation' in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Polity Press) Cambridge, 1989.
31. This is not to suggest that trans-sexuals will necessarily engage in relationships that mirror heterosexual relationships. See the various permutations of relationships presented in the documentary film Shinjuku Boys. Indeed, it could be argued that trans-sexuals challenge the very categories of heterosexuality and homosexuality, as these categories depend on categorisations of individuals with a stable place in the sex-gender system (males or females), who consistently desire others (males or females) with a stable place in the sex-gender system. See Kim Longinotto and Jano Williams, Shinjuku Boys (Twentieth Century Vixen for the ABC) London, 1997.
32. Mako, 'Genzai Nihon de TG ga Chokumen suru Mondaiten', pp. 103-4.
33. Sharon Chalmers, 'Inside/Outside Circles of Silence: Creating Lesbian Space in Japanese Society' in Vera Mackie (ed.), Feminism and the State in Modern Japan (Japanese Studies Centre) Melbourne, 1995, pp. 88-97.
34. If there is any doubt that it is reproductive capacity that the Japanese state is interested in controlling, compare these operations with other ways in which individuals modify their bodies. The state does not prohibit tattooing, piercing, or cosmetic surgery.
35. Moira Gatens, 'Institutions, Embodiment and Sexual Difference' in Moira Gatens and Alison McKinnon (eds), Gender and Institutions: Welfare, Work and Citizenship (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge, 1998; Vera Mackie, 'Citizenship, Embodiment and Social Policy in Contemporary Japan', paper presented at the Japan Anthropology Workshop Conference on the Anthropology of Social Policy in Japan, National Ethnographic Museum, Ôaka, April 1999.
36. Moira Gatens, 'Institutions, Embodiment and Sexual Difference' in Moira Gatens and Alison McKinnon (eds), Gender and Institutions: Welfare, Work and Citizenship (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge, 1998; Vera Mackie, 'Citizenship, Embodiment and Social Policy in Contemporary Japan', paper presented at the Japan Anthropology Workshop Conference on the Anthropology of Social Policy in Japan, National Ethnographic Museum, Ôaka, April 1999.
37. Anne Phillips, Democracy and Difference (Polity Press) Cambridge, 1993, p. 92.
38. Moira Gatens, 'Institutions, Embodiment and Sexual Difference' in Moira Gatens and Alison McKinnon (eds), Gender and Institutions: Welfare, Work and Citizenship (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge, 1998, pp. 5-6.
39. These issues are canvassed in Phillips, Democracy and Difference, pp. 90-102.