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Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 29-48

Israeli foreign policy and the arms race in the Middle East 1950-1960

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EID: 0035611937     PISSN: 01402390     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01402390108437821     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 1942491454 scopus 로고
    • Gainesville: U. of Florida
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1993) Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960
    • Alteras, I.1
  • 2
    • 0041361266 scopus 로고
    • Tel Aviv: Am Oved (Hebrew)
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1992) The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957
    • Bar-On, M.1
  • 3
    • 0041497523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NY: Columbia UP
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1998) Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance
    • Ben-Zvi, A.1
  • 4
    • 0004116754 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: CUP
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1990) Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956
    • Bialer, U.1
  • 5
    • 0003516604 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill: UNC
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1991) The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956
    • Hahn, P.L.1
  • 6
    • 0043083172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill: UNC
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1997) Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960
    • Levey, Z.1
  • 7
    • 0347000568 scopus 로고
    • London: Frank Cass
    • Several works that make extensive use of these archival sources shed light on the role of arms in the Middle East and in Israeli foreign policy during the 1950s. These include Isaac Alteras, Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960 (Gainesville: U. of Florida 1993); Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy, 1955-1957 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1992 (Hebrew); Abraham Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition: Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance (NY: Columbia UP 1998); Uri Bialer, Between East and West: Israel's Foreign Policy Orientation, 1948-1956 (Cambridge: CUP 1990); Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945-1956 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1991); Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC 1997); Michael B. Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War (London: Frank Cass 1993).
    • (1993) The Origins of the Second Arab-Israeli War
    • Oren, M.B.1
  • 8
    • 85037259184 scopus 로고
    • PhD diss., Dropsie Univ.
    • For figures on the levels and types of United States aid to Israel during this period see Bialer (note 1) p.201; Eldon Ricks, 'United States Economic Assistance to Israel: 1949-1960' (PhD diss., Dropsie Univ. 1970).
    • (1970) United States Economic Assistance to Israel: 1949-1960
    • Ricks, E.1
  • 9
    • 0041798228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brighton: Sussex Academic Press
    • See an analysis of the Czech arms deal in Motti Golani, Israel in Search of a War (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press 1998) pp. 12-24.
    • (1998) Israel in Search of a War , pp. 12-24
    • Golani, M.1
  • 10
    • 0040075720 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley and Los Angeles: U. of California
    • Paul Jabber, Not By War Alone (Berkeley and Los Angeles: U. of California 1981) p.64.
    • (1981) Not by War Alone , pp. 64
    • Jabber, P.1
  • 11
    • 85037259650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. p.97. The NEACC began meeting in June 1952.
    • Not by War Alone , pp. 97
  • 12
    • 85037269938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Unsigned minute of the Foreign Office, 19 Feb. 1953, Public Record Office (hereafter PRO): FO/371 104218 E1192/82A.
  • 14
    • 85037266371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gazit to Elath, 25 Aug. 1952, Israeli State Archives (hereafter ISA) 42/13
    • Gazit to Elath, 25 Aug. 1952, Israeli State Archives (hereafter ISA) 42/13.
  • 15
    • 85037257285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See minutes by J. Wardrop, 9 June and 26 July 1953, PRO: FO/371 98295 E1225/5, 14
    • See minutes by J. Wardrop, 9 June and 26 July 1953, PRO: FO/371 98295 E1225/5, 14.
  • 16
    • 85037262657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute by J.E. Powell-Jones, 21 Nov. 1952, PRO: FO 371 98285 E1194/96. Britain offered Iraq 14 roughly equivalent Vampire jet fighters
    • Minute by J.E. Powell-Jones, 21 Nov. 1952, PRO: FO 371 98285 E1194/96. Britain offered Iraq 14 roughly equivalent Vampire jet fighters.
  • 17
    • 85037288817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon to Elath, 28 Feb. 1955, ISA 42/13A
    • Salmon to Elath, 28 Feb. 1955, ISA 42/13A.
  • 18
    • 9744234458 scopus 로고
    • Tel Aviv: Israeli MOD (Hebrew)
    • Yitzhak Steigman, History of the Air Force: The Air Force from 1950 to 1956 (Tel Aviv: Israeli MOD 1986) p.38 (Hebrew). In fact, according to a report of the UK Ministry of Defense, the total number of jets in the air forces of the Arab states was 97 to Israel's 15. See 'Aircraft Strength of Middle East States, November 1953', 2 Jan. 1954, PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/283.
    • (1986) History of the Air Force: The Air Force from 1950 to 1956 , pp. 38
    • Steigman, Y.1
  • 19
    • 85037269940 scopus 로고
    • 2 Jan. PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/283
    • Yitzhak Steigman, History of the Air Force: The Air Force from 1950 to 1956 (Tel Aviv: Israeli MOD 1986) p.38 (Hebrew). In fact, according to a report of the UK Ministry of Defense, the total number of jets in the air forces of the Arab states was 97 to Israel's 15. See 'Aircraft Strength of Middle East States, November 1953', 2 Jan. 1954, PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/283.
    • (1954) Aircraft Strength of middle East States, November 1953
  • 20
    • 85037278638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steigman (note 12)pp.52-4
    • Steigman (note 12)pp.52-4.
  • 21
    • 85037278978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharett's memo of 22 Oct. 1952, ISA 42/13/A
    • Sharett's memo of 22 Oct. 1952, ISA 42/13/A.
  • 22
    • 85037257443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keren to Comay, 9 Jan. 1953, ISA 42/13/A
    • Keren to Comay, 9 Jan. 1953, ISA 42/13/A.
  • 23
    • 85037256787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute of Chadwick, 28 Sept. 1952, PRO: FO/371 98297 E1194/72
    • Minute of Chadwick, 28 Sept. 1952, PRO: FO/371 98297 E1194/72.
  • 24
    • 85037289052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Ministry of Supply, 23 Dec. 1952, PRO: FO/371 98298 E1225/99
    • Report of the Ministry of Supply, 23 Dec. 1952, PRO: FO/371 98298 E1225/99.
  • 25
    • 85037287393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Ministry of Defence, 23 June 1953, PRO: FO/371 104221 El 192/185
    • UK Ministry of Defence, 23 June 1953, PRO: FO/371 104221 El 192/185.
  • 26
    • 85037285796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • Ibid.
  • 27
    • 85037282313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Minute by Powell-Jones, 12 June 1953, PRO: FO/371 104220 E1192/247. In Dec. 1953, the Foreign Office authorized the sale to Israel of 6 additional Meteors, since London had agreed to sell 12 more Meteors to Syria. Foreign Office to British embassy in Washingon, 2 Dec. 1953, PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/36.
  • 29
    • 85037289466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Minute by Falla, 7 Oct. 1953, PRO: FO 371 104226 E1192/301; British Middle East Office (hereafter BMEO) political summary no. 42, 21 Oct. 1953, PRO: FO/371 104188 E1013/44.
  • 30
    • 85037271128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See a Foreign Office recommendation exactly one week before the Kibye operation that the Arab states receive arms before any more significant quantities be sold to Israel. Minute by Falla, 7 Oct. 1953, PRO: FO/371 104226 E1192/301.
  • 31
    • 85037273337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRO: FO/371 24 Nov. 1953, 104229 El 192/365
    • PRO: FO/371 24 Nov. 1953, 104229 El 192/365.
  • 32
    • 85037262899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 7 Aug. 1954, Ben-Gurion Archive (hereafter BGA)
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 7 Aug. 1954, Ben-Gurion Archive (hereafter BGA).
  • 33
    • 85037261599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Falla to Salisbury: Purchase of UK military stores by Israel, 19 Sept. 1953, PRO FO/371 104226 E1192/279
    • Falla to Salisbury: Purchase of UK military stores by Israel, 19 Sept. 1953, PRO FO/371 104226 E1192/279.
  • 34
    • 85037278710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note by the Joint Secretary of the Joint War Production Committee, Ministry of Defense, 4 Dec. 1953, PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/373
    • Note by the Joint Secretary of the Joint War Production Committee, Ministry of Defense, 4 Dec. 1953, PRO: FO/371 104229 E1192/373.
  • 35
    • 85037258520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eban to United States Division, 29 Jan. 1954, ISA 40/18/B
    • Eban to United States Division, 29 Jan. 1954, ISA 40/18/B.
  • 37
    • 85037277720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israeli Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon's report on his meeting with Trudeau, 17 May 1954, ISA 40/19/A
    • Israeli Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon's report on his meeting with Trudeau, 17 May 1954, ISA 40/19/A.
  • 39
    • 85037265100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bialer (note 1) p.263; British embassy in Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, 30 Oct. 1954, PRO: FO/371 110816 V1192/453
    • Bialer (note 1) p.263; British embassy in Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, 30 Oct. 1954, PRO: FO/371 110816 V1192/453.
  • 40
    • 85037280778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kollek to Shiloah, 26 July 1954, ISA 4374/19
    • Kollek to Shiloah, 26 July 1954, ISA 4374/19.
  • 41
    • 85037286653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute of Falla, 24 Sept. 1954, PRO: FO/371 10814 V1192/36
    • Minute of Falla, 24 Sept. 1954, PRO: FO/371 10814 V1192/36.
  • 42
    • 85037287376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gazit to Elath, 31 Dec. 1954, ISA 40/18/A
    • Gazit to Elath, 31 Dec. 1954, ISA 40/18/A.
  • 43
    • 85037260757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gazit to British Commonwealth Division, 25 Nov. 1955, ISA 330/7
    • Gazit to British Commonwealth Division, 25 Nov. 1955, ISA 330/7.
  • 44
    • 85037287132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brcene to Gethin, 8 Dec. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115572 V1192/490
    • Brcene to Gethin, 8 Dec. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115572 V1192/490.
  • 45
    • 85037269151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Ministry of Defence, 10 Nov. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115573 V1192/552
    • UK Ministry of Defence, 10 Nov. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115573 V1192/552.
  • 47
    • 85037261211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Joint Staffs Mission (hereafter BJSM) in Washington to Ministry of Defence, 7 Dec. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115579 V1192/713
    • British Joint Staffs Mission (hereafter BJSM) in Washington to Ministry of Defence, 7 Dec. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115579 V1192/713.
  • 48
    • 85037287327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See files in PRO: FO/371 115560, 115563
    • See files in PRO: FO/371 115560, 115563.
  • 49
    • 85037259236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Golani (note3) p.13
    • Golani (note3) p.13.
  • 51
    • 85037275028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.20
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.20.
  • 52
    • 85037277941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, pp.58, 72
    • Ibid, pp.58, 72.
  • 53
    • 0347436689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tel Aviv: Maariv
    • Moshe Sharett, Personal Diary (Tel Aviv: Maariv 1978) p.1284.
    • (1978) Personal Diary , pp. 1284
    • Sharett, M.1
  • 54
    • 85037260331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, p.1018. For an account of the struggle between Ben-Gurion and Sharett over the issue of retaliatory raids, see Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 (Oxford: Oxford UP 1996).
    • Personal Diary , pp. 1018
  • 55
    • 0003409590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford UP
    • Ibid, p.1018. For an account of the struggle between Ben-Gurion and Sharett over the issue of retaliatory raids, see Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956 (Oxford: Oxford UP 1996).
    • (1996) Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956
    • Morris, B.1
  • 58
    • 85037279559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.173
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.173.
  • 59
    • 85037264795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 14, pp.848-9.
    • FRUS , vol.14 , pp. 848-849
  • 60
    • 85037279521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bialer (note 1) p.187
    • Bialer (note 1) p.187.
  • 62
    • 85037271278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp. 188-91
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp. 188-91.
  • 63
    • 85037277976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Najar to Sharett, 5 Jan. 1956, ISA 193/1
    • Najar to Sharett, 5 Jan. 1956, ISA 193/1.
  • 64
    • 85037259366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute of Levant department, 28 Feb. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121330 Vl 192/251; embassy in Washington to Foreign Office, 7 March 1956, PRO: FO/371 121331 V1192/280
    • Minute of Levant department, 28 Feb. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121330 Vl 192/251; embassy in Washington to Foreign Office, 7 March 1956, PRO: FO/371 121331 V1192/280.
  • 67
    • 85037266574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Najar to Tsur, 11 Jan. 1956, ISA 193/1
    • Najar to Tsur, 11 Jan. 1956, ISA 193/1.
  • 68
    • 85037265326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.195
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.195.
  • 69
    • 85037264993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute by Hadow, 9 Nov. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115576 V1192/600
    • Minute by Hadow, 9 Nov. 1955, PRO: FO/371 115576 V1192/600.
  • 71
    • 85037260964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minute of Levant department, 28 Feb. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121330 V1192/251
    • Minute of Levant department, 28 Feb. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121330 V1192/251.
  • 72
    • 1942492396 scopus 로고
    • Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Cambridge, MA: MIT
    • The Syrians received 25 MiG-15 jets and 100 BTR-152 armored personnel carriers from the Soviet Union in 1956. See The Arms Trade Registers. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). (Cambridge, MA: MIT 1975). In late May 1956, the British embassy in Damascus reported that the Syrians were to receive 20 MiGs at an unspecified date. Embassy in Damascus to Foreign Office, 23 May 1956, PRO: 121340 V1192/554.
    • (1975) The Arms Trade Registers
  • 73
    • 85037261017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsur to Western Europe Division, 7 June 1956, ISA 193/1; Ben-Dor to Tsur, 29 June 1956, ISA 192/2
    • Tsur to Western Europe Division, 7 June 1956, ISA 193/1; Ben-Dor to Tsur, 29 June 1956, ISA 192/2.
  • 74
    • 85037268803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.197
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.197.
  • 76
    • 0347436689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note 46
    • Sharett, Personal Diary (note 46) pp. 1385-86; see also Mordechai Gazit, 'Sharett, Ben-Gurion and the Arms Deal with France in 1956', Gesher 108 (Winter 1983, in Hebrew), p.95.
    • Personal Diary , pp. 1385-1386
    • Sharett1
  • 77
    • 84900939849 scopus 로고
    • Sharett, Ben-Gurion and the Arms Deal with France in 1956
    • Winter in Hebrew
    • Sharett, Personal Diary (note 46) pp. 1385-86; see also Mordechai Gazit, 'Sharett, Ben-Gurion and the Arms Deal with France in 1956', Gesher 108 (Winter 1983, in Hebrew), p.95.
    • (1983) Gesher , vol.108 , pp. 95
    • Gazit, M.1
  • 78
    • 9744228045 scopus 로고
    • The Sinai War as a "War of No Alternative": Ben-Gurion's View of the Israel-Egyptian Conflict
    • idem (eds.) London: Frank Cass
    • Selwyn Ilan Troen, 'The Sinai War as a "War of No Alternative": Ben-Gurion's View of the Israel-Egyptian Conflict', in idem (eds.) The Suez-Sinai Crisis 1956, Retrospective and Reappraisal (London: Frank Cass 1990) pp. 183-4.
    • (1990) The Suez-Sinai Crisis 1956, Retrospective and Reappraisal , pp. 183-184
    • Troen, S.I.1
  • 80
    • 85037279138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.204
    • Bar-On (note 1) p.204.
  • 82
    • 85037286687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp.224-34
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp.224-34.
  • 83
    • 85037271817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, p.268
    • Ibid, p.268.
  • 84
    • 85037259306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp.261-2
    • Bar-On (note 1) pp.261-2.
  • 85
    • 85037274976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Najar to Tsur, 1 Feb. 1956, ISA 193/1
    • Najar to Tsur, 1 Feb. 1956, ISA 193/1.
  • 86
    • 85037266626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 10 March 1957, BGA
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 10 March 1957, BGA.
  • 88
    • 84894577905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note 39
    • See Michael Bar-Zohar, Bridge Over the Mediterranean: French-Israeli Relations, 19-17-1963 (Tel Aviv: Am Hasefer 1965 (Hebrew), and Crosbie, A Tacit Alliance (note 39).
    • A Tacit Alliance
    • Crosbie1
  • 89
    • 85037267486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avner to Ben-Dor, 18 Feb. 1955, ISA 192/41
    • Avner to Ben-Dor, 18 Feb. 1955, ISA 192/41.
  • 90
    • 85037268199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview with Yehoshafat Harkabi, 22 July 1990, Jerusalem
    • Interview with Yehoshafat Harkabi, 22 July 1990, Jerusalem.
  • 91
    • 85037263168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Dor to Tsur, 10 Feb. 1955, ISA 192/41
    • Ben-Dor to Tsur, 10 Feb. 1955, ISA 192/41.
  • 92
    • 85037269382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 3 Jan. 1957, Labor Party Archives (LPA)
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 3 Jan. 1957, Labor Party Archives (LPA).
  • 93
    • 85037287527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsur to Vestern Europe Division, 24 June 1955, ISA 188/1
    • Tsur to Vestern Europe Division, 24 June 1955, ISA 188/1.
  • 94
    • 85037258902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsur to Eban, 22 May 1956, ISA 194/3
    • Tsur to Eban, 22 May 1956, ISA 194/3.
  • 95
    • 85037271775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embassy in Washington to Foreign Office, 20 June 1956, PRO: FO/371121339 V1192/519E
    • Embassy in Washington to Foreign Office, 20 June 1956, PRO: FO/371121339 V1192/519E.
  • 96
    • 85037284958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Dor to Tsur, 11 March 1956, ISA 193/1
    • Ben-Dor to Tsur, 11 March 1956, ISA 193/1.
  • 97
    • 85037262082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 28 Feb. 1956, BGA
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 28 Feb. 1956, BGA.
  • 98
    • 85037272947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 3 March 1957, LPA. Mapai was the party in which Ben-Gurion was the dominant figure until 1963 and the faction that headed successive government coalitions in Israel until the defeat at the polls of the Labor Alignment in 1977
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 3 March 1957, LPA. Mapai was the party in which Ben-Gurion was the dominant figure until 1963 and the faction that headed successive government coalitions in Israel until the defeat at the polls of the Labor Alignment in 1977.
  • 99
    • 85037266567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. 14 March 1957
    • Ibid. 14 March 1957.
  • 100
    • 85037266850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 2 March 1957, LPA
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 2 March 1957, LPA.
  • 101
    • 85037270772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicholls to Lloyd, 11 Feb. 1957, PRO: FO/371 128093 VR 10317/3. 92. Ibid
    • Nicholls to Lloyd, 11 Feb. 1957, PRO: FO/371 128093 VR 10317/3. 92. Ibid.
  • 102
    • 85037272130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's Diary, 31 May 1958, LPA
    • Ben-Gurion's Diary, 31 May 1958, LPA.
  • 103
    • 85037280327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. 3 April 1958
    • Ibid. 3 April 1958.
  • 106
    • 0003915776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NY: Columbia UP
    • Ibid. For a highly detailed study of Israel's nuclear development see Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb (NY: Columbia UP 1998).
    • (1998) Israel and the Bomb
    • Cohen, A.1
  • 107
    • 9744280540 scopus 로고
    • London: Weidenfeld
    • Matti Golan, Shimon Peres (London: Weidenfeld 1982) p.65.
    • (1982) Shimon Peres , pp. 65
    • Golan, M.1
  • 108
    • 85037259560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA
    • Meeting, Mapai Central Committee, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA.
  • 110
    • 85037290087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 27 May 1957, BGA
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 27 May 1957, BGA.
  • 111
    • 85037269230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-Zohar (note 78) p. 180
    • Bar-Zohar (note 78) p. 180.
  • 112
    • 85037283447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Foreign Affairs Committee of Mapai, 27 June 1957, LPA
    • Meeting, Foreign Affairs Committee of Mapai, 27 June 1957, LPA.
  • 113
    • 85037273674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aronson, p.62
    • Aronson, p.62.
  • 114
    • 85037257144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosbie (note 39) p.161
    • Crosbie (note 39) p.161.
  • 115
    • 85037263803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohen (note 96) pp.74-5
    • Cohen (note 96) pp.74-5.
  • 116
    • 0004130751 scopus 로고
    • Princeton UP
    • France placed a total embargo on all arms to Israel on 3 Jan. 1969, the result of heavy Arab pressure. See Edward Kolodziej, Making and Marketing Arms (Princeton UP 1987), p.344.
    • (1987) Making and Marketing Arms , pp. 344
    • Kolodziej, E.1
  • 118
    • 85037286962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134
    • Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134.
  • 119
    • 85037268292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's speech at a bond drive conference. BBC summary of broadcasts, daily series no. 646, 5 Sept. 1958, PRO: FO/ 371 133822
    • Ben-Gurion's speech at a bond drive conference. BBC summary of broadcasts, daily series no. 646, 5 Sept. 1958, PRO: FO/ 371 133822.
  • 120
    • 85037260008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bialer (note 1)p.197
    • Bialer (note 1)p.197.
  • 122
    • 85037271500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NEACC-US D-13, Israeli Arms Request, 22 July 1953, PRO: FO/371 104225
    • NEACC-US D-13, Israeli Arms Request, 22 July 1953, PRO: FO/371 104225.
  • 123
    • 85037259668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 9, p. 1574.
    • FRUS , vol.9 , pp. 1574
  • 124
    • 85037279635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eban's report of his meeting with Dulles, 15 Sept. 1954, ISA 40/19/B
    • Eban's report of his meeting with Dulles, 15 Sept. 1954, ISA 40/19/B.
  • 125
    • 85037262712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bialer (note 1) p.264
    • Bialer (note 1) p.264.
  • 126
    • 85037288684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 2 and 11 July 1954, BGA
    • Ben-Gurion's diary, 2 and 11 July 1954, BGA.
  • 128
    • 85037286264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bialer (note 1) p.262
    • Bialer (note 1) p.262.
  • 129
    • 85037290454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, p.269
    • Ibid, p.269.
  • 132
    • 85037274585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 14, pp.149-50.
    • FRUS , vol.14 , pp. 149-150
  • 133
    • 85037281340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 14, p.297.
    • FRUS , vol.14 , pp. 297
  • 134
    • 85037265751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 15, p.163.
    • FRUS , vol.15 , pp. 163
  • 135
    • 85037257304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, pp.258-9.
    • FRUS , pp. 258-259
  • 136
    • 85037266681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. p.186.
    • FRUS , pp. 186
  • 137
    • 85037265061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, p.589.
    • FRUS , pp. 589
  • 138
    • 85037257235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid, p.269.
    • FRUS , pp. 269
  • 139
    • 85037275155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BJSM Washington to Ministry of Defence, 4 Oct. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121354 V1192928
    • BJSM Washington to Ministry of Defence, 4 Oct. 1956, PRO: FO/371 121354 V1192928.
  • 140
    • 85037261686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 15, p.198.
    • FRUS , vol.15 , pp. 198
  • 141
    • 85037263791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bar-On (note 1)p.185
    • Bar-On (note 1)p.185.
  • 143
    • 85037277100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See an account of Israel's dilemma regarding the Eisenhower Doctrine in Levey (note 1) pp.83-90
    • See an account of Israel's dilemma regarding the Eisenhower Doctrine in Levey (note 1) pp.83-90.
  • 144
    • 85037276898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign Ministry to Eban, 15 Sept. 1957, ISA 329/3
    • Foreign Ministry to Eban, 15 Sept. 1957, ISA 329/3.
  • 145
    • 85037265066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 17, p.712.
    • FRUS , vol.17 , pp. 712
  • 146
    • 85037264067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign Ministry to Meir, 6 Oct. 1957, ISA 2450/8
    • Foreign Ministry to Meir, 6 Oct. 1957, ISA 2450/8.
  • 147
    • 85037263815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herzog to Foreign Ministry, 8 Oct. 1957, ISA 2450/8; FRUS, 17, pp.759-62.
    • FRUS , vol.17 , pp. 759-762
  • 148
    • 85037264578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shiloah to Eban, 16 Nov. 1957, ISA 4374/26
    • Shiloah to Eban, 16 Nov. 1957, ISA 4374/26.
  • 149
    • 85037259488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben Gurion's diary, 14 Nov. 1957, BGA
    • Ben Gurion's diary, 14 Nov. 1957, BGA.
  • 150
    • 85037278042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Division to embassy in Washington, 26 Feb. 1958, ISA 228/6/A
    • US Division to embassy in Washington, 26 Feb. 1958, ISA 228/6/A.
  • 151
    • 85037278033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circular memo by Aharon Yariv, Israeli military attaché (later a general) in Washington, 22 April 1958, ISA 3088/6-II
    • Circular memo by Aharon Yariv, Israeli military attaché (later a general) in Washington, 22 April 1958, ISA 3088/6-II.
  • 152
    • 85037257466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eban's circular memo, 3 Oct. 1958, ISA 334/23
    • Eban's circular memo, 3 Oct. 1958, ISA 334/23.
  • 154
    • 85037264102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's speech to the Central Committee of Mapai, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA
    • Ben-Gurion's speech to the Central Committee of Mapai, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA.
  • 155
    • 85037273784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avner to Meroz, 21 Dec. 1958, ISA 3088/6-II
    • Avner to Meroz, 21 Dec. 1958, ISA 3088/6-II.
  • 156
    • 85037262737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rountree's briefing of Ambassador Ogden Reid, 11 June 1959, US National Archives, 611.84A/6-1159
    • Rountree's briefing of Ambassador Ogden Reid, 11 June 1959, US National Archives, 611.84A/6-1159.
  • 157
    • 85037259533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Gurion's speech to the Central Committee of Mapai, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA
    • Ben-Gurion's speech to the Central Committee of Mapai, 30 Dec. 1957, LPA.
  • 158
    • 85037279978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRUS, 13, pp.358-61.
    • FRUS , vol.13 , pp. 358-361
  • 160
    • 85037259428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting, Mapai Political Committee, 16 Oct. 1955, LPA. Kaddish is the Jewish prayer recited for the dead
    • Meeting, Mapai Political Committee, 16 Oct. 1955, LPA. Kaddish is the Jewish prayer recited for the dead.
  • 161
    • 0041497523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note 1
    • For a comprehensive and fully-documented account of the Hawk sale and Kennedy's policies toward Israel see Ben-Zvi, Decade of Transition (note 1).
    • Decade of Transition
    • Ben-Zvi1
  • 162
    • 85037268258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embassy in Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, 9 Oct. 1958, PRO: FO/371 133858 V1194/261; 'United Kingdom Middle East arms policy', 17 Oct. 1958, 134295
    • Embassy in Tel Aviv to Foreign Office, 9 Oct. 1958, PRO: FO/371 133858 V1194/261; 'United Kingdom Middle East arms policy', 17 Oct. 1958, 134295.
  • 163
    • 84870712803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note 64
    • Arms Trade Registers (note 64) pp.55, 146. See also Inge Deutschkron, Bonn and Jerusalem (Philadelphia: Chilton 1970) p.270. According to Ben-Zvi, the United States approved the direct sale of 210 M-48 Patton tanks in 1965. See Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134.
    • Arms Trade Registers , pp. 55
  • 164
    • 84870944653 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Chilton
    • Arms Trade Registers (note 64) pp.55, 146. See also Inge Deutschkron, Bonn and Jerusalem (Philadelphia: Chilton 1970) p.270. According to Ben-Zvi, the United States approved the direct sale of 210 M-48 Patton tanks in 1965. See Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134.
    • (1970) Bonn and Jerusalem , pp. 270
    • Deutschkron, I.1
  • 165
    • 85037279582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134
    • Arms Trade Registers (note 64) pp.55, 146. See also Inge Deutschkron, Bonn and Jerusalem (Philadelphia: Chilton 1970) p.270. According to Ben-Zvi, the United States approved the direct sale of 210 M-48 Patton tanks in 1965. See Ben-Zvi (note 1) p.134.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.