Colloid Chemical Approach to Nanotechnology

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1-13

  Fendler, Janos H ^a  

^a CLARKSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Colloids; Nanoparticles; Nanostructured Materials; Nanotechnology; Self assembly

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035595353     PISSN: 02561115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02707191     Document Type: Review

References (160)

1. Adachi, E., "Three-dimensional Self-assembly of Gold Nanocolloids in Spheroids Due to Dialysis in the Presence of Sodium Mercaptoacetate," Langimuir, 16, 6460 (2000).
2. Addadi, L. and Weiner, S., "Control and Design Principles in Biological Mineralization," Angewandte Chemie, 31, 153 (1991).
3. Andres, R. P., Bielefeld, J. D., Henderson, J. I., Janes, D. B., Kolagunta, V. R., Kubiak, C. P., Mahoney, W. J. and Osifchin, R. G., "Self-assembly of a Two-dimensional Superlattice of Molecularly Linked Metal Clusters," Science, 273, 1690 (1996).
4. Armstrong, A. J., Mockler, R. C. and O'Sullivan, W. J., "Isothermal-expansion Melting of Two-dimensional Colloidal Monolayers on the Surface of Water," Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 1, 1707 (1989).
5. Asher, S. A., Holtz, J., Liu, L. and Wu, Z., "Self-assembly Motif for Creating Submicron Periodic Materials. Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Arrays," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 116, 4997 (1994).
6. 4-Solutions in the Presence of Surface-active Solutes," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 9231 (1999).
7. Bard, A. J. and Mallouk, T., "Electrodes Modified with Clays, Zeolites, and Related Microporous Solids; in Molecular Design of Electrode Surfaces," R. W. Murray Ed, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 270 (1992).
8. Bates, F. S. and Fredrickson, G. H., "Block Copolymers - Designer Soft Materials," Physics Today, 32 (1999).
9. Baum, T., Bethell, D., Brust, M. and Schiffrin, D. J., "Electrochemical Charge Injection into Immobilized Nanosized Gold Particle Ensembles: Potential Modulated Transmission and Reflectance Spectroscopy," Langmuir, 15, 866 (1999).
10. Benisty, H., Weisbuch, C., Labilloy, D. and Rattier, M., "Photonic Crystals in Two-dimensions Based on Semiconductors: Fabrication, Physics and Technology," Applied Surface Science, 164, 205 (2000).
11. Boal, A. K., Ilhan, F., DeRouchey, J. E., Thum-Albrecht, T., Russell, T. P. and Rotello, V. M., "Self-assembly of Nanoparticles into Structured Spherical and Network Aggregates," Nature, 404, 746 (2000).
12. Breen, T. L., Tien, J., Oliver, S. R. J., Hadzic, T. and Whitesides, G. M., "Design and Self-assembly of Open, Regular, 3D Mesostructures," Science, 284, 948 (1999).
13. Briesen, H., Fuhrmann, A. and Pratsinis, S. E., "Electrically Assisted Aerosol Reactors using Ring Electrodes," Briesen, H., Fuhrmann, A., Pratsinis, S. E., Ed., Materials Research Society Proceedings, 520, 3 (1998).
14. Bright, R. M., Musick, M. D. and Natan, M. J., "Preparation and Characterization of Ag Colloid Monolayers," Langmuir, 14, 5695 (1998).
15. Brinker, C. J., Lu, Y. F., Sellinger, A. and Fan, H. Y., "Evaporation-induced Self-assembly: Nanostructures Made Easy," Advanced Materials, 11, 519 (1999).
16. 2 Nanoparticles in Thin Films," Chemistry of Materials, 10, 2419 (1998).
17. Brune, H., Giovannini, M., Bromann, K. and Kern, K., "Self-organized Growth of Nanostructure Arrays on Strain-relief Patterns," Nature, 394, 451 (1998).
18. Brust, M., Bethell, D., Kiely, C. J. and Schiffrin, D. J., "Self-assembled Gold Nanoparticle thin Films with Nonmetallic Optical and Electronic Properties," Langmuir, 14, 5425 (1998).
19. Byrappa, K. and Yoshimura, M., "Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology," William Andrews, LCC/Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ (2000).
20. Cassagneau, T. and Fendler, J. H., "Electron Transfer and Charge Storage in Ultrathin Films Layer-by-Layer Self-assembled from Polyelectrolytes, Nanoparticles and Nanoplatelets," to be published in Electrochemical Approach to Nanoparticles, G. Hodes, Ed, VCH-Wiley, Weinheim (2001).
21. Chemseddine, A. and Moritz, T., "Nanostructuring Titania - Control over Nanocrystal Structure, Size, Shape, and Organization," European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 235 (1999).
22. Chen, Y. Y., Baker, G. L., Ding, Y. Q. and Rabolt, J. F., "Self-assembly through Stepwise Crystallization," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 6962 (1999).
23. Colfen, H., Schnablegger, H. and Antonietti, M., "Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium by Polyethyleneoxide-polyethyleneimine Block Copolymers," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 212, 197 (1999).
24. Correa, N. M., Zhang, H. G. and Schelly, Z. A., "Preparation of AgBr Quantum Dots via Electroporation of Vesicles," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122, 6432 (2000).
25. 2 Coating by Microwave Irradiation," Langmuir, 14, 6430 (1998).
26. Dabbousi, B. O., Murray, C. B., Rubner, M. F. and Bawendi, M. G., "Langmuir-blodgett Manipulation of Size-selected CdSe Nanocrystallites," Chemistry of Materials, 6, 216 (1994).
27. Dantsin, G. and Suslick, K. S., "Sonochemical Preparation of a Nanostructured Bifunctional Catalyst," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122, 5214 (2000).
28. Decher, G. and Hong, J. D., "Buildup of Ultrathin Multilayer Films by a Self-assembly Process: II. Consecutive Adsorption of Anionic and Cationic Bipolar Amphiphiles and Polyelectrolytes on Charged Surfaces," Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie, 11, 1430 (1991).
29. Decher, G., "Layered Nanoarchitectures via Directed Assembly of Anionic and Cationic Molecules; in Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry," Sauvage, J.-P., Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 9, 507 (1996).
30. Dhas, N. A. and Gedanken, A., "A Sonochemical Approach to the Surface Synthesis of Cadmium-sulfide Nanoparticles on Submicron Silica," Applied Physics Letters, 72, 2514 (1998).
31. Evans, D. F. and Wennerstrom, H., "The Colloid Domain. Where Physics, Chemistry and Technology Meet," VCH, New York (1994).
32. Fan, H. Y. and Lopez, G. P., "Adsorption of Surface-modified Colloidal Gold Particles onto Self-assembled Monolayers: A Model System for the Study of Interactions of Colloidal Particles and Organic Surfaces," Langmuir, 13, 119 (1997).
33. Fendler, J. H., "Membrane Mimetic Approach to Advanced Materials," Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1992).
34. Fendler, J. H., "Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films. Preparation, Characterization and Applications," Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1998).
35. Fendler, J. H., "Membrane Mimetic Chemistry, Characterizations and Applications of Micelles, Microemulsions, Monolayers, Bilayers, Vesicles, Host-Guest Systems and Polyions," John Wiley, New York (1982).
36. Fendler, J. H., "Self-assembled Nanostructured Materials," Chemistry of Materials, 8, 1616 (1996).
37. Fery, A. and Herminghaus, S., "The Formation of Nano-dot and Nanoring Structures in Colloidal Monolayer Lithography," Langmuir, 13, 7080 (1997).
38. Fink, J., Kiely, C. J., Bethell, D. and Schiffrin, D. J., "Self-organization of Nanosized Gold Particles," Chemistry of Materials, 10, 922 (1998).
39. Fischer, M. and Vogtle, F., "Dendrimers: From Design to Application - A Progress Report," Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 38, 885 (1999).
40. Flagan, R. C., "Nanoparticles and Nanostructures - Aerosol Synthesis and Characterization," Flagan, R. C., Ed., Kluwer Academic Publ: PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands, 15 (1998).
41. Fox, M. A., "Semiconductor Particles Included within Supports," Research on Chemical Intermediates, 15, 153 (1991).
42. Frechet, J. M. J., Hawker, C. J., Gitsov, I. and Leon, J. W., "Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers: Two Families of Three-Dimensional Macromolecules with Similar but Clearly Distinct Properties," Journal of Macromolecular Science-Pure and Applied Chemistry, a33, 1399 (1996).
43. Furlong, D. N., Urquhart, R., Grieser, F., Tanaka, K. and Okahata, Y., "Size-quantised Cadmium Sulfide Particles in Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Film Thermal Stability," Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions, 89, 2031 (1993).
44. Gaines, G. L., "Insoluble Monolayers at Liquid-Gas Interfaces," Interscience, New York (1966).
45. 3) Composite Microgel," Thin Solid Films, 244, 106 (1994).
46. Geddes, N. J., Urquhart, R. S., Furlong, D. N., Lawrence, C. R., Tanaka, K. and Okahata, Y., "Growth of CdS Particles in Cadmium Arachidate Films: Monitoring by Surface Plasmon Resonance, UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, and Quartz Crystal Microgravimetry," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 97, 13767 (1993).
47. Giroud-Godquin, A.-M. and Maitlis, P. M., "Metallomesogens: Metal Complexes in Organized Fluid Phases," Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English, 30, 375 (1991).
48. Gogotsi, Y. G. and Yoshimura, M., "Formation of Carbon-Films on Carbides Under Hydrothermal Conditions," Nature, 367, 628 (1994).
49. Golan, Y., Alperson, B., Hutchison, J. L., Hodes, G. and Rubinstein, I., "Electrodeposited Quantum Dots: Coherent Nanocrystalline CdSe on Oriented Polycrystalline Au Films," Advanced Materials, 9, 236 (1997).
50. Gomez, S., Philippot, K., Colliere, V., Chaudret, B., Senocq, F. and Lecante, P., "Gold Nanoparticles from Self-assembled Gold (I) Amine Precursors," Chemical Communications, 1945 (2000).
51. Grieser, F., Furlong, D. N., Scoberg, D., Ichinose, I., Kimizuka, N. and Kunitake, T., "Size-quantised Semiconductor Cadmium Chalcogenide Particles in Langmuir-Blodgett Films," Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions, 88, 2207 (1992).
52. 2O Lamellar Liquid Crystal," Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 123, 587 (1997).
53. Halevi, P., Krokhin, A. A. and Arriaga, J., "Photonic Crystals as Optical Components," Applied Physics Letters, 75, 2725 (1999).
54. Hayes, W. A. and Shannon, C., "Nanometer-scale Patterning of Surfaces using Self-assembly Chemistry. 3. Template-directed Growth of Polymer Nanostructures on Organothiol Self-assembled Mixed Monolayers," Langmuir, 14, 1099 (1998).
55. Henglein, A. and Meisel, D., "Spectrophotometric Observations of the Adsorption of Organosulfur Compounds on Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102, 8364 (1998).
56. Higgins, A. M. and Jones, R. A. L., "Anisotropic Spinodal Dewetting as a Route to Self-assembly of Patterned Surfaces," Nature, 404, 476 (2000).
57. Hodes, G., Golan, Y., Behar, D., Zhang, Y., Alperson, B. and Rubinstein, I., "Electrodeposited Quantum Dots: Size Control by Semiconductor-Substrate Lattice Mismatch; in Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films," Fendler, J. H. Ed., Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1 (1998).
58. Holtz, J. H., Holtz, J. S. W., Munro, C. H. and Asher, S. A., "Intelligent Polymerized Crystalline Colloidal Arrays - Novel Chemical Sensor Materials," Analytical Chemistry, 70, 780 (1998).
59. Horvolgyi, Z., Nemeth, S. and Fendler, J. H., "Spreading of Hydrophobic Silica Beads at Water Air Interfaces," Colloids and Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 71, 327 (1993).
60. http://www.nano.gov, "National Nanotechnology Initiative: The Initiative and its Implementation Plan," pulled 10-31 (2000).
61. Iler, R. K., "Multilayers of Colloidal Particles," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 21, 569 (1966).
62. Israelachvili, J. N., "Intermolecular Surface Forces," 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego (1992).
63. Jang, H. D. and Friedlander, S. K., "Restructuring of Chain Aggregates of Titania Nanoparticles in the Gas-Phase," Aerosol Science and Technology, 29, 81 (1998).
64. Kamat, P. V. and Vinodgopal, K., "Sonochromic Effect in WO3 Colloidal Suspensions," Langmuir, 12, 5739 (1996).
65. Kane, R. S., Cohen, R. E. and Silbey, R., "Synthesis of Doped ZnS Nanoclusters within Block Copolymer Nanoreactors," Chemistry of Materials, 11, 90 (1999).
66. Keller, S. W., Kim, H. N. and Mallouk, T. E., "Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Intercalation Compounds and Heterostructures on Surfaces - Toward Molecular Beaker Epitaxy," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 116, 8817 (1994).
67. Kho, R., Torres-Martinez, C. L. and Mehra, R. K., "A Simple Colloidal Synthesis for Gram-quantity Production of Water-soluble ZnS Nannocrystal Powders," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 227, 561 (2000).
68. Kiely, C. J., Fink, J., Brust, M., Bethell, D. and Schiffrin, D. J., "Spontaneous Ordering of Bimodal Ensembles of Nanoscopic Gold Clusters," Nature, 396, 444 (1998).
69. Kim, B. S., Avila, L., Brus, L. E. and Herman, I. P., "Organic Ligand and Solvent Kinetics During the Assembly of CdSe Nanocrystal Arrays using Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection," Applied Physics Letters, 76, 3715 (2000).
70. 2 Particles in an Aerosol Reactor by Pyrolysis of Tetra-n-butyl Tin," Journal of Materials Science, 34, 5783 (1999).
71. Kotov, N. A., Meldrum, F. C., Fendler, J. H., Tombacz, E. and Dekany, I., "Spreading of Clay Organocomplexes on Aqueous-solutions - Construction of Langmuir-blodgett Clay Organocomplex Multilayer Films," Langmuir, 10, 3797 (1994).
72. Kotov, N. A., Zaniquelli, E. D., Meldrum, F. C. and Fendler, J. H., "Two-dimensional Silver Electrocrystallization Under Monolayers Spread on Aqueosu Silver Nitrate," Langmuir, 9, 3710 (1993).
73. Kresge, C. T., Leonowicz, M. E., Roth, W. J., Vartuli, J. C. and Beck, J. S., "Ordered Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Synthesized by a Liquid-crystal Template Mechanism," Nature, 359, 710 (1992).
74. Kruis, F. E., Nielsch, K., Fissan, H., Rellinghaus, B. and Wassermann, E. F., "Preparation of Size-classified PbS Nanoparticles in the Gas-phase," Applied Physics Letters, 73, 547 (1998).
75. Kumar, R. V., Diamant, Y. and Gedanken, A., "Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Nanometer-size Transition Metal Oxides from Metal Acetates," Chemistry of Materials, 12, 2301 (2000).
76. Leclere, P., Parente, V., Bredas, J. L., Francois, B. and Lazzaroni, R., "Organized Semiconducting Nanostructures from Conjugated Block Copolymer Self-assembly," Chemistry of Materials, 10, 4010 (1998).
77. Lee, H., Kepley, L. J., Hong, H.-G. and Mallouk, T. E., "Inorganic Analogues of Langmuir-blodgett Films: Adsorption of Ordered Zirconium 1,10-decanebisphosphonate Multilayers on Silicon Surfaces," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 110, 618 (1988).
78. Lencka, M. M., Oledzka, M. and Riman, R. E., "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sodium and Potassium Bismuth Titanates," Chemistry of Materials, 12, 1323 (2000).
79. Liu, J. Z., "Controlled Growth of the Ordered Cadmium Sulfide Particulate Films and the Photoacoustics Investigation," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101, 9703 (1997).
80. Luo, X. Z., Zhang, Z. Q., Liang, Y. Q., "Structure of Cobalt Stearate and Cobalt Sulfide Stearic-acid Langmuir-Blodgett-Films," Langmuir, 10, 3213 (1994).
81. Lvov, Y., Haas, H., Decher, G., Mohwald, H. and Kalachev, A., "Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Molecular Films onto Plasma-treated Glass," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 97, 12835 (1993).
82. Mahamuni, S., Borgohain, K., Bendre, B. S., Leppert, V. J. and Risbud, S. H., "Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Electrochemically Grown ZnO Quantum Dots," Journal of Applied Physics, 85, 2861 (1999).
83. Mallouk, T. E., Kim, H.-N., Ollivier, P. J. and Keller, S. W., "Ultrathin Films based on Layered Inorganic Solids; in Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol VII: Solid State Supramolecular Chemistry: Two- and Three-Dimensional Inorganic Networks, part I. Layered Solids and Their Intercalation Chemistry," Alberti, G; Bein, T., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 189 (1996).
84. Mann, S., "Biomimetic Materials Chemistry," VCH, New York (1996).
85. Markovich, G., Collier, P., Henrichs, S. E., Remacle, F., Levine, R. D. and Heath, J. R., "Architectonic Quantum Dot Solids," Acc. Chem. Res., 32, 415 (1999).
86. Mastai, Y., Polsky, R., Koltypin, Y., Gedanken, A. and Hodes, G., "Pulsed Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Cadmium Selenide Nanoparticles" Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 10047 (1999).
87. Matijevic, E., "Uniform Inorganic Colloid Dispersions. Achievements and Challenges," Langmuir, 10, 8 (1994).
88. Mdleleni, M. M., Hyeon, T. and Suslick, K. S., "Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Molybdenum Sulfide," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 120, 6189 (1998).
89. Meldrum, F. C. and Fendler, J. H., "Construction of Organized Particulate Films by the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique," in "Biomimetic Approaches in Materials Chemistry," (Mann, S. E., Ed.) VC H, Weinheim, 175-219 (1996).
90. Meldrum, F. C., Flath, J. and Knoll, W., "Chemical Deposition of PbS on Self-assembled Monolayers of 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic Acid," Langmuir, 13, 2033 (1997).
91. Moriguichi, I., Hosoi, K., Nagaoka, H., Tanaka, I., Teraoka, Y. and Kagawa, S., "Stepwise Growth of Size-confined CdS in the Two-dimensional Hydrophilic Interlayers of Langmuir-Blodgett Films by the Repeated Sulfidation-intercalation Technique," Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions, 90, 349 (1994).
92. Nardin, C., Thoeni, S., Widmer, J., Winterhalter, M. and Meier, W., "Nanoreactors Based on (Polymerized) ABA-triBlock Copolymer Vesicles," Chemical Communications, 1433 (2000).
93. Okitsu, K., Bandow, H., Maeda, Y. and Nagata, Y., "Sonochemical Preparation of Ultrafine Palladium Particles," Chemistry of Materials, 8, 315 (1996).
94. Okitsu, K., Yue, A., Tanabe, S. and Matsumoto, H., "Sonochemical Preparation and Catalytic Behavior of Highly Dispersed Palladium Nanoparticles on Alumina," Chemistry of Materials, 12, 3006 (2000).
95. Ozin, G. A., "Nanochemistry: Synthesis in Diminishing Dimensions," Advanced Materials, 4, 612 (1992).
96. Pan, G. S., Kesavamoorthy, R. and Asher, S. A., "Optically Nonlinear Bragg Diffracting Nanosecond Optical Switches," Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 3860 (1997).
97. Pan, Z. Y., Shen, G. J., Zhang, L. G., Lu, Z. H. and Liu, J. Z., "Preparation of Oriented Cadmium-Sulfide Nanocrystals," J. Mater. Chem., 7, 531 (1997).
98. Park, S. H. and Xia, Y. N., "Assembly of Mesoscale Particles over Large Areas and its Application in Fabricating Tunable Optical Filters," Langmuir, 15, 266 (1999).
99. Peng, J. B. and Barnes, G. T., "The 2-Dimensional Hexatic-B Phase of Single Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers Observed by Atomic-force Microscopy," Thin Solid Films, 252, 44 (1994).
100. Peng, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Zou, B., Xiao, L. and Li, T., "Formation of Nanoparticulate Fe{-2}O{-3}-stearate Multilayer through the Langmuir-blodgett Method," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 96, 3412 (1992).
101. Peters, D., "Ultrasound in Materials Chemistry," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 6, 1605 (1996).
102. Phillips, R. J., Golden, T. D., Shumsky, M. G., Bohannan, E. W. and Switzer, J. A., "Electrodeposition of Textured Ceramic Superlattices in the Pb-Tl-O System," Chemistry of Materials, 9, 1670 (1997).
103. Pieranski, P., "Two-dimensional Interfacial Colloidal Crystals," Physical Review Letters, 45, 569 (1980).
104. Pike, J. K., Byrd, H., Morrone, A. A. and Talham, D. R., "Oriented Cadmium Dihalide Particles Prepared in Langmuir-Blodgett-films," Chemistry of Materials, 6, 1757 (1994).
105. Pileni, M. P., "Nanosized Particles Made in Colloidal Assemblies," Langmuir, 13, 3266 (1997).
106. 2 thin Films," Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 144 (1997).
107. Potter, D. I., "Particle Size Control and Self-assembly Processes in Novel Colloids of Nanocrystalline Manganese Oxide," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 7416 (1999).
108. 2 in a Continuous Flow Hot-wall Aerosol Reactor," Journal of Materials Research, 12, 552 (1997).
109. Pratsinis, S. E., "Flame Aerosol Synthesis of Ceramic Powders," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 24, 197 (1998).
110. 12)(2)," Chemistry of Materials, 11, 1331 (1999).
111. 2 Nanoclusters Studied by Small Angle Neutron Scattering," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 2172 (1999).
112. Robinson, D. J. and Earnshaw, J. C., "Initiation of Aggregation in Colloidal Particle Monolayers," Langmuir, 9, 1436 (1993).
113. Rudoy, V. M., Yaminskii, I. V., Dement'eva, O. V. and Ogarev, V. A., "Formation of Ordered Structures from Metal Nanoparticles in the Surface Layer of Glassy Polymer," Colloid Journal, 61, 800 (1999).
114. Sagiv, J., "Organized Monolayers by Adsorption. 1. Formation and Structure of Oleophobic Mixed Monolayers on Solid Surfaces," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 102, 92 (1980).
115. Sato, T., Brown, D. and Johnson, B. F. G., "Nucleation and Growth of Nano-gold Colloidal Lattices," Chemical Communications, 1007 (1997).
116. Satoh, N. and Kimura, K., "Metal Colloids Produced by Means of Gas Evaporation Technique. V. Colloidal Dispersion of Au Fine Particles to Hexane, Poor Dispersion Medium for Metal Sol," Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 62, 1758 (1989).
117. 3," Fermelectrics, 242, 59 (2000).
118. Schrock, R. R., Thomas, E. L., Rubner, M. F. and Bawendi, M. G., "Composite thin Films of CdSe Nanocrystals and a Surface Passivating/Electron Transporting Block Copolymer: Correlations Between Film Microstructure by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electroluminescence," Journal of Applied Physics, 86, 4390 (1999).
119. Schulz, W, "Grafting a National Nanotechnology Effort," C&EN News, p. 39, October 16 (2000).
120. Selvan, S. T., Hayakawa, T., Nogami, M. and Moller, M., "Block Copolymer Mediated Synthesis of Gold Quantum Dots and Novel Gold-polypyrrole Nanocomposites," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 103, 7441 (1999).
121. Shafi, K. V. P. M. and Gedanken, A., "Sonochemical Approach to the Preparation of Barium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles," Nanostructured Materials, 12, 29 (1999).
122. Shen, Y. Z., Friend, C. S., Jiang, Y., Jakubczyk, D., Swiatkiewicz, J. and Prasad, P. N., "Nanophotonics: Interactions, Materials, and Applications," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 104, 7577 (2000).
123. Smotkin, E. S., Lee, C., Bard, A. J., Campion, A., Fox, M. A., Mallouk, T. E., Webber, S. E. and White, J. M., "Size Quantization Effects in Cadmium Sulfide Layers formed by a Langmuir-blodgett Technique," Chemical Physics Letters, 152, 265 (1988).
124. Sooklal, K., Hanus, L. H., Ploehn, H. J. and Murphy, C. J., "A Blue-emitting CdS/Dendrimer Nonocomposite," Advanced Materials, 10, 1083 (1998).
125. Spatz, J. P., Mossmer, S. and Moller, M., "Mineralization of Gold Nanoparticles in a Block-copolymer Microemulsion," Chemistry-A European Journal, 2, 1552 (1996).
126. Steigerwald, M. L., Alivisatos, A. P., Gibson, J. M., Harris, T. D., Kortan, R., Muller, A. J., Thayer, A. M., Duncan, T. M., Douglass, D. C. and Brus, L. E., "Surface Derivatization and Isolation of Semiconductor Cluster Molecules," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 110, 3046 (1988).
127. Stupp, S. I., "Self-assembly of Rodcoil Molecules," Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 3, 20 (1998).
128. Su, B. and Choy, K. L., "Synthesis, Microstructure and Optical Properties of ZnS Films formed by Electrostatic Assisted Aerosol Jet Deposition," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 10, 949 (2000).
129. Suslick, K. S., Fang, M. M. and Hyeon, T., "Sonochemical Synthesis of Iron Colloids," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118, 11960 (1996).
130. Suslick, K. S., Hyeon, T. W. and Fang, M. M., "Nanostructured Materials Generated by High-intensity Ultrasound: Sonochemical Synthesis and Catalytic Studies," Chemistry of Materials, 8, 2172 (1996).
131. Switzer, J. A., "Electrodeposition of Superlattices and nanocomposites; in Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films," Fendler, J. H. Ed., Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 53 (1998).
132. Tian, Y. C., Wu, C. J. and Fendler, J. H., "Fluorescence Activation and Surface-State Reactions of Size-Quantized Cadmium-Sulfide Particles in Langmuir-Blodgett-Films," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 98, 4913 (1994).
133. Tohver, V., Braun, P. V., Pralle, M. U. and Stupp, S. I., "Counterion Effects in Liquid Crystal. Templating of Nanostructured CdS," Chemistry of Materials, 9, 1495 (1997).
134. Tomalia, D. A., Naylor, A. M. and Goddard III, W. A., "Starburst Dendrimers: Molecular-level Control of Size, Shape, Surface Chemistry, Topology, and Flexibility from Atoms to Macroscopic Matter," Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English, 29, 138 (1990).
135. Turkevich, J., Stevenson, P. C. and Hillier, J., "A Study of the Nucleation and Growth Processes in the Synthesis of Colloidal Gold," Discussion of the Faraday Society, 55 (1951).
136. Urquhart, R. S., Furlong, D. N., Mansur, H., Grieser, F., Tanaka, K. and Okahata, Y., "Quartz-crystal Microbalance and UV-VIS Adsorption Study of Q-state CdS Particle Formation in Cadmium Arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett-Films," Langmuir, 10, 899 (1994).
137. 2 Nanoparticles Obtained by Aerosol Pyrolysis," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7, 1017 (1997).
138. 2 Nanoparticles Obtained by Aerosol Pyrolysis," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7, 1017 (1997).
139. Veinot, J. G. C., Ginzburg, M. and Pietro, W. J., "Surface Functionalization of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum-confined Nanoclusters. 3. Formation and Derivatives of a Surface Phenolic Quantum Dot," Chemistry of Materials, 9, 2117 (1997).
140. Vlasov, Y. A., Deutsch, M. and Norris, D. J., "Single-domain Spectroscopy of Self-assembled Photonic Crystals," Applied Physics Letters, 76, 1627 (2000).
141. Wang, D., Bai, Y. B., Li, T. J. and Tang, X. Y., "Size Control of CdS Nanocrystals in Block Copolymer Micelle," Chemistry of Materials, 11, 392 (1999).
142. Wei, Q. H., Cupid, D. M. and Wu, X. L., "Controlled Assembly of Two-dimensional Colloidal Crystals," Applied Physics Letters, 77, 1641 (2000).
143. Weiner, S. and Addadi, L., "Design Strategies in Mineralized Biological Materials," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7, 689 (1997).
144. Weller, H., "Quantized Semiconductor Particles: A Novel State of Matter for Materials Science," Advanced Materials, 5, 88 (1993).
145. Xia, Y. N. and Whitesides, G. M., "Soft lithography," Annual Review of Materials Science, 28, 153 (1998).
146. Xia, Y. N., Rogers, J. A., Paul, K. E. and Whitesides, G. M., "Unconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning Nanostructures," Chemical Reviews, 99, 1823 (1999).
147. Xu, D. S., Xu, Y. J., Chen, D. P., Guo, G. L., Gui, L. L. and Tang, Y. Q., "Preparation of CdS Single-crystal Nanowires by Electrochemically Induced Deposition," Advanced Materials, 12, 520 (2000).
148. Xu, S., Zhao, X. K. and Fendler, J. H., "Ultrasmall Semiconductor Particles Sandwiched Between Surfactant Headgroups in Langmuir-Blodgett Films," Advanced Materials, 2, 183 (1990).
149. Yang, J. P. and Fendler, J. H., "Morphology Control of PbS Nanocrystallites, Epitaxially Under Mixed Monolayers," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 99, 5505 (1995).
150. Yang, J. P., Meldrum, F. C. and Fendler, J. H., "Epitaxial-Growth of Size-quantized Cadmium-sulfide Crystals Under Arachidic Acid Monolayers," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 99, 5500 (1995).
151. Yang, J., Fendler, J. H., Jao, T. C. and Laurion, T., "Electron and Atomic-Force Microscopic Investigations of Lead Selenide Crystals Grown Under Monolayers," Microscopy Research and Technique, 27, 402 (1994).
152. Yi, K. C., Horvolgyi, Z. and Fendler, J. H., "Chemical Formation of Silver Particulate Films Under Monolayers," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 98, 3872 (1994).
153. Yin, J. S. and Wang, Z. L., "Preparation of Self-assembled Cobalt Nanocrystal Arrays," Nanostructured Materials, 11, 845 (1999).
154. Yoshimura, M. and Livage, J., "Soft Solution Processing for Advanced Materials," MRS Bulletin, 25, 12 (2000).
155. Yoshimura, M., Suchanek, W. L. and Byrappa, K., "Soft Solution Processing: A Strategy for One-Step Processing of Advanced Inorganic Materials," MRS Bulletin, 25, 17 (2000).
156. Yoshimura, M., Suchanek, W. and Han, K. S., "Recent Developments in Soft, Solution Processing: One Step Fabrication of Functional Double Oxide Films by Hydrothermal-Electrochemical Methods," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 9, 77 (1999).
157. Zhao, X. K., McCormick, L. D. and Fendler, J. H., "Preparation-dependent Rectification Behavior of Lead Sulfide Particulate Films," Advanced Materials, 4, 93 (1992).
158. Zhao, X. K., Yang, J., McCormick, L. D. and Fendler, J. H., "Epitaxial Formation of PbS Crystals Under Arachidic Acid Monolayers," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 96, 9933 (1992).
159. 2O Systems," Nature, 385, 513 (1997).
160. Zhu, J. J., Koltypin, Y. and Gedanken, A., "General Sonochemical Method far the Preparation of Nanophasic Selenides: Synthesis of ZnSe Nanoparticles," Chemistry of Materials, 12, 73 (2000).