Islam in Europe: Quest for a paradigm

Middle East Policy

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 100-115

  Malik, Mustafa ^a  

^a Ger Marshall Fund of the U States   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035593302     PISSN: 10611924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1475-4967.00021     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Berger, A Far Glory, p. 72.
2. John McManners, ed., Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 186.
3. Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Wadi Z. Haddad, eds., Christian-Muslim Encounters (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995), pp. 131-35.
4. Xavier Bougarel, "The Balkan Islam," ISIM Newsletter, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands, No. 6, 2000, p. 32.
5. Berger, "Desecularization of the World: A Global Overview," in Peter L. Berger, ed., The Desecularization of the World (Grand Rapids, MI.: William B. Eerdsman Publishing, 1999).p. 2.
6. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: reprinted Routledge, 1992); Roland Robertson, et al., Talcott Parsons: Theories of Modernity (London: Sage Publications, 1991); Robert N. Bellah, Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditionalist World (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991); David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1978).
7. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: reprinted Routledge, 1992); Roland Robertson, et al., Talcott Parsons: Theories of Modernity (London: Sage Publications, 1991); Robert N. Bellah, Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditionalist World (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991); David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1978).
8. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: reprinted Routledge, 1992); Roland Robertson, et al., Talcott Parsons: Theories of Modernity (London: Sage Publications, 1991); Robert N. Bellah, Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditionalist World (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991); David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1978).
9. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: reprinted Routledge, 1992); Roland Robertson, et al., Talcott Parsons: Theories of Modernity (London: Sage Publications, 1991); Robert N. Bellah, Beyond Belief: Essays on Religion in a Post-Traditionalist World (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991); David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1978).
10. Bellah, Beyond Belief, p. 23.
11. Ibid, p. 151.
12. Interview with Selcuk Eren, Athens, Greece, September 23, 1998.
13. Interview with Ahmed Reza Khan, Ph.D. student in "Islam in Europe," University of Paris, Paris, September 19, 2000.
14. Nielsen, Fluid Identities, p. 9.
15. Interview with Aziz Gardezi, Cologne, Germany, September 29, 2000.
16. Interview with Toumi Azzedine, Marseilles, France, September 8, 2000.
17. Interview with Inayet Kazim, researcher in immigration tends, Amsterdam, September 30, 2000.
18. Peter Ester and Loek Halman, eds., The Individualizing Society: Value Change in Europe and North America (Tiburg, Netherlands: Tiburg University Press, 1993), p. 9.
19. Sheena Ashford and Noel Timms, What Europe Thinks: A Study of Western European Values (Aldershot, England: Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited, 1992), p. 46.
20. Rachid Tlemcani, "The French Have Themselves to Blame," Middle East Quarterly, March 1997, p. 36.
21. Interview with Lucette Valensi, IISMM, Paris, October 31, 2000.
22. Interview with Gardezi.
23. Gerald Lenski, The Religious Factor (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1963), pp. 9-11.
24. Berger, A Far Glory, pp. 38-39.
25. Ibid, p. 27.
26. Interview with Mohammed Ahnif, Amsterdam, September 30, 2000.
27. Interviews with members of the Muslim Youth of Germany, Berlin, October 16, 2000.
28. Interview with Muhammad Anwar, Center for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Warwick, England, November 15, 2000.
29. Ibid.
30. Quran, II: p. 177.
31. Ibid, XLIX: p. 13.
32. Ibid, II: p. 31.
33. Bernard Lewis, Arabs in History (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), p. 43.
34. Interview with Mehmet Sabri Erbakan, Islamic Milli Gorus office, Cologne, October 6, 2000.
35. Interview with Rashid Benaissa, UNESCO, Paris, September 18, 2000.
36. Frank Viviano,"Europe Suddenly Doesn't Even Recognize Itself," San Francisco Chronicle, March 5, 1999.
37. Interview with Czarina Wilpert, Technical University, Berlin, October 18, 2000.
38. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster,1996), p. 210.
39. Interview with Farouk Laazouzi, Islamic Cultural Center, Evry, France, September 17, 2000.
40. Interview with Brend Knopf, Ministry of Labor, Berlin, October 20, 2000.
41. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, October 21, 2000.
42. Interview with Rainer Meunz, Department of Sociology, Humboldt University, Berlin, October 17, 2000.
43. Letter from Lord Hylton, April 25, 1998.
44. Telephone conversation with Lord Hylton, London, November 8, 2000.
45. Berger, A Far Glory, p. 71.
46. Ibid, p. 45.
47. Ibid, p. 76.
48. Carol Quigley, The Evolution of Civilizations: An Introduction to Historical Analysis (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1979), pp. 127, 164-66.
49. Michel Gurfinkiel, "Islam in France: 'Is the French Way of Life in Danger?'" Middle East Quarterly, March 1997, pp. 19-27.
50. David S. Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998), pp. 514-24.