Hong kong workers toward 1997: Unionisation, labour activism and political participation under the China factor

Australian Journal of Politics and History

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 61-84

  Chan, Ming K ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0035586360     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8497.00219     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1985 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1985), pp. 106 and 109.
2. Ibid., p.109.
3. Ming K. Chan, "Contemporary Hong Kong Labor Unionism and Its Historical Origins", in Edward K.Y. Chen ed., Labour Movement in a Changing Society: The Experience of Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1988).
4. David A. Levin and Stephen W.K. Chiu, "Bureaucratic Insurgency: The Public Sector Labour Movement", in Stephen Chiu and Tai Lok Lui eds, The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2000), p. 151, table 2.
5. Ming K. Chan ed., Dimensions of the Chinese and Hong Kong Labor Movement (Hong Kong: Christian Industrial Committee, 1986), pp. 237-239.
6. For detailed analysis of the post-1967 labour legislation, see Joe England and John Rear, Industrial Relations and Law in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1981).
7. Labour Department, R eport of the Commissioner for Labour 1997 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1998).
8. Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1984 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1984), pp. 106 and 109; and Information Services Department, Hong Kong - A New Era (Hong Kong: Information Services Department, 1998), pp. 115 and 118.
9. Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1984 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1984), pp. 106 and 109; and Information Services Department, Hong Kong - A New Era (Hong Kong: Information Services Department, 1998), pp. 115 and 118.
10. Registrar of Trade Unions, Annual Department Report 1997 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1998).
11. Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, HKCTU Tenth Anniversary Commemorative Volume (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, 2000).
12. Levin and Chiu, "Bureaucratic Insurgency", p. 152, table 2.,
13. Stephen Chiu and David Levin, "Contestatory Unionism: Trade Unions in the Private Sector" in Chiu and Lui eds, The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong, pp. 98-100.
14. Ibid., pp. 99-100.
15. Levin and Chiu, "Bureaucratic Insurgency", pp.99-100.
16. Ed Snape and Andy W. Chan, "Hong Kong trade unions: in search of a role", in Patricia Fosh Andy Chan, Wilson W.S. Chow, Ed Snape and Robert Westwood eds, Hong Kong Management and Labour: Change and Continuity (London: Routledge, 1999), pp. 261-163.
17. Ming K. Chan, "Under China's Shadow: Realpolitik of Hong Kong Labor Unionism Toward 1997", in Charles Burton ed., Politics and Society in Hong Kong Toward 1977 (Toronto: Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, University of Toronto-York University, 1992) [Canada and Hong Kong Papers, no. 1], pp. 17-18.
18. Ibid., p. 18.
19. Hong Kong Labour Education Centre comp., Labour Movement Monthly, 42 (September 1987), pp. 36-42.
20. Norman Miners, "Moves Toward Representative Government 1984-1988", in Kathleen Cheek-Milby and Miron Mushkat eds, Hong Kong: The Challenge of Transformation (Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1989), p. 29.
21. On the Basic Law drafting's politics, see Ming K. Chan, "Democracy Derailed: Realpolitik in the Making of the Hong Kong Basic Law", in Ming Chan and David Clark eds, The Hong Kong Basic Law: Blueprint for "Stability and Prosperity" Under Chinese Sovereignty? (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1991).
22. Wah Kiu Yat Po (Hong Kong), 21 November 1985.
23. Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions comp., Federation of Trade Unions Press, October 1987.
24. Miron Mushkat, Basic Law Therapy (Hong Kong: Baring Securities Ltd., 1990), p. 3.
25. South China Morning Post, 2 October 1989, and Hong Kong Standard, 31 October 1989.
26. South China Morning Post, 2 October 1989, and Hong Kong Standard, 31 October 1989.
27. Mushkat, Basic Law Therapy, pp. 3-4; South China Morning Post Hong Kong Review 1990 (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1990), pp. 11-12.
28. Mushkat, Basic Law Therapy, pp. 3-4; South China Morning Post Hong Kong Review 1990 (Hong Kong: South China Morning Post, 1990), pp. 11-12.
29. South China Morning Post, 2 October 1989 reveals the fact that the "4:4:2" model not the "bicameral model" was closer to the FTU's own preference.
30. Ming Pao (Hong Kong), 30 October 1989 reports the complaints from FTU union members.
31. Ming Chan, "Under China's Shadow", p. 24.
32. People's Daily, 8 July 1989; also see Emily Lau, "A 'Subversive' Alliance: China Attacks Territory's Democrats", Far Eastern Economic Review, 3 August 1989, p. 29.
33. People's Daily, 8 July 1989; also see Emily Lau, "A 'Subversive' Alliance: China Attacks Territory's Democrats", Far Eastern Economic Review, 3 August 1989, p. 29.
34. The author joined Tam in the 21 May 1989 March and closely observed Tam and Cheng at the forefront of the 28 May March. Other unionists also took an active role in these protest marches.
35. Labour Movement Monthly, 69 (December 1989), pp. 1-15; Labour Movement Monthly, 79 (October 1990), pp. 1-16; and Labour Movement Monthly, 80 (November 1990), pp. 21-27.
36. Labour Movement Monthly, 69 (December 1989), pp. 1-15; Labour Movement Monthly, 79 (October 1990), pp. 1-16; and Labour Movement Monthly, 80 (November 1990), pp. 21-27.
37. Labour Movement Monthly, 69 (December 1989), pp. 1-15; Labour Movement Monthly, 79 (October 1990), pp. 1-16; and Labour Movement Monthly, 80 (November 1990), pp. 21-27.
38. Ming Chan, "Under China's Shadow", p. 28.
39. Ed Snape and Andy Chan, "Hong Kong Trade Unions", p. 262.
40. Levin and Chiu, "Bureaucratic Insurgency", pp. 117-118.
41. Ming Chan, "Under China's Shadow", p.26.
42. Ming K. Chan, "The 1991 Elections in Hong Kong: Democraticization in the Shadow of Tiananmen", in George T. Yu ed., China in Transition: Economic, Political and Social Developments (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993), p. 234.
43. Ming Chan, "The 1991 Elections in Hong Kong", p. 235.
44. Ibid., pp. 235, 250. Lau was the second highest vote-getter after Martin Lee in the direct election polls.
45. Alvin Y. So, "The Tiananmen Incident, Patten's Electoral Reforms, and the Roots of Contested Democracy in Hong Kong", in Ming K. Chan ed., The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration With China (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1997), pp. 61-68.
46. So, "The Tiananmen Incident", pp. 71-72. Also see the analysis of the 1995 electoral results in Hsin-chi Kuan et al eds, The 1995 Legislative Council Election In Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996).
47. So, "The Tiananmen Incident", pp. 71-72. Also see the analysis of the 1995 electoral results in Hsin-chi Kuan et al eds, The 1995 Legislative Council Election In Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996).
48. Far Eastern Economic Review, 29 April 1995, p. 29 and 28 September 1995, pp. 16-17.
49. Wilson Chow and Patricia Fosh, "Political and Legal Parameters for the Representation of Labour in Hong Kong", in Fosh, Chan, et al eds, Hong Kong Management and Labour, p. 31.
50. Ibid., p. 32. Suzanne Pepper, "Elections, Political Changes, and the Basic Law Government: The Hong Kong System in Search of a Political Form", The China Quarterly, 162 (June 2000), pp. 429-435.
51. Ibid., p. 32. Suzanne Pepper, "Elections, Political Changes, and the Basic Law Government: The Hong Kong System in Search of a Political Form", The China Quarterly, 162 (June 2000), pp. 429-435.
52. Chow and Fosh, Political and Legal Parameters, pp. 35-40.
53. Richard Baum, "Democracy Deformed: Hong Kong's 1998 Legislative Elections - and Beyond", The China Quarterly, 162 (June 2000), pp. 446-448.
54. The electoral figures are from Hong Kong Economic Daily, 25 May 1998, p. A19. Also see Richard Baum, "Democracy Deformed", pp. 448-451.
55. The electoral figures are from Hong Kong Economic Daily, 25 May 1998, p. A19. Also see Richard Baum, "Democracy Deformed", pp. 448-451.
56. Ming K. Chan, "Dynamics of Compensatory Politics and the Democratic Rebound in the Hong Kong SAR, 1997-1999", Paper presented at the Hong Kong in Transition: Two Years On Conference, Warwick, England, 10 July 1999.
57. Hong Kong Economic Daily, 26 May 1998, p. A19.
58. Ibid.
59. Chow and Fosh, Political and Legal Parameters, p. 34.
60. Hong Kong Economic Journal, 17 April 1999, p. 5; Sing Tao Daily (US edition), 20 September 1999; Yazhou, 20 September-2 October 1999, pp. 29-30.
61. Hong Kong Economic Journal, 17 April 1999, p. 5; Sing Tao Daily (US edition), 20 September 1999; Yazhou, 20 September-2 October 1999, pp. 29-30.
62. Hong Kong Economic Journal, 17 April 1999, p. 5; Sing Tao Daily (US edition), 20 September 1999; Yazhou, 20 September-2 October 1999, pp. 29-30.
63. The 1999 figures are from Ta Kung Pao, 29 November 1999, front page; the 1994 figures are from Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1995, p. 34. Also see Frank Ching, "A Small But Significant Hong Kong Poll', Far Eastern Economic Review 9 December 1999, p. 15.
64. The 1999 figures are from Ta Kung Pao, 29 November 1999, front page; the 1994 figures are from Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1995, p. 34. Also see Frank Ching, "A Small But Significant Hong Kong Poll', Far Eastern Economic Review 9 December 1999, p. 15.
65. The 1999 figures are from Ta Kung Pao, 29 November 1999, front page; the 1994 figures are from Government Information Services, Hong Kong 1995, p. 34. Also see Frank Ching, "A Small But Significant Hong Kong Poll', Far Eastern Economic Review 9 December 1999, p. 15.
66. Sing Tao Daily, 5 January 2000, p. A16. Private meetings with Lau Chin-shek and Lee Cheuk-yan in Hong Kong, 1-2 May, and 3 November 1999; and also conversation with CTU secretaty-general Elizabeth Tang, 29 June 2000.
67. Sing Tao Daily, 5 January 2000, p. A16. Private meetings with Lau Chin-shek and Lee Cheuk-yan in Hong Kong, 1-2 May, and 3 November 1999; and also conversation with CTU secretaty-general Elizabeth Tang, 29 June 2000.
68. Sing Tao Daily, 5 January 2000, p. A16. Private meetings with Lau Chin-shek and Lee Cheuk-yan in Hong Kong, 1-2 May, and 3 November 1999; and also conversation with CTU secretaty-general Elizabeth Tang, 29 June 2000.
69. The 2000 electoral figures are based on the reportage in Ming Pao, Sing Tao Daily, and Hong Kong Economic Journal, 11, 12 and 13 September 2000. 54 Ming Pao, 11 September 2000.
70. Ibid.
71. Hong Kong Economic Journal, 25 September 2000, p. 5.