The transition from paper to electronic journals: Key factors that affect scholars' acceptance of electronic journals

Serials Librarian

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 31-64

  Kim, Hak Joon ^a  

^a SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Electronic journals; Journal functions; Journal system; Scholarly communication; Scientific reward system

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035541131     PISSN: 0361526X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J123v41n01_04     Document Type: Article

References (422)

1. Osburn, C. B. "The Place of the Journal in the Scholarly Communications System," Library Resources & Technical Services 28 (October/December 1984): 316.
2. The term "scholarly communication" is used interchangablely with "scientific communication" in this paper.
3. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
4. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
5. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
6. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
7. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
8. Menzel, H., Lieberman, L., and Dulchin, J. Review of Studies in the Flow of Information among Scientists (New York: Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1960); Lufkin, J. M. and Miller, E. H. "The Reading Habits of Engineers: A Preliminary Survey," IEEE Transactions on Education E-9, 4 (1966): 179-182; Mick, C., Lindsey, G., Callahan, D., and Spielberg, F. Towards Usable User Studies: Assessing the Information Behavior of Scientists and Engineers, NTIS no. PB80-177165 (Washington, DC: NSF, Division of Information Science and Technology, 1979); Allen, T. "Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists." In Ralph Katz, (Ed.), Managing Professionals in Innovative Organizations: A Collection of Readings (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1988), 3-18; Pinelli, T. E., Glassman, M., Oliu, W. E., and Barclay, R. O. Technical Communications in Aeronautics: Results of Phase 1 Pilot Study, Report 1 (parts 1 and 2), Part 1: NTIS no. 89N26772 and Part 2: NTIS no. 89N26773 (Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989); and Griffiths, J. and King, D. W. Special Libraries: Increasing the Information Edge, SLA Research Series #9 (Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1993).
9. Merton, R. K. "Science and Democratic Social Structure." In Social Theory and Social Structure, revised and enlarged ed. (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957), 550-561.
10. Ibid., 553.
11. Ibid., 556.
12. Ibid., 560.
13. Lindsey, D. The Scientific Publication System in Social Science (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1978).
14. Houghlon, B. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development, Characteristics and Control (Hamden, T: Linnet Books, 1975); Meadows, A. J., ed. The Scientific Journal, Aslib Reader Series Vol. 2 (London: Dorset Press, 1979); and Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324.
15. Houghlon, B. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development, Characteristics and Control (Hamden, T: Linnet Books, 1975); Meadows, A. J., ed. The Scientific Journal, Aslib Reader Series Vol. 2 (London: Dorset Press, 1979); and Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324.
16. Houghlon, B. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development, Characteristics and Control (Hamden, T: Linnet Books, 1975); Meadows, A. J., ed. The Scientific Journal, Aslib Reader Series Vol. 2 (London: Dorset Press, 1979); and Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324.
17. Phelps, R. H. and Herlin, J. P. "Alternatives to the Scientific Periodical: A Report and Bibliography," UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 14 (March-April 1960): 61-75; Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Lambert, J. Scientific and Technical Journals (London: Clive Bingley, 1985); Piternick, A. B. "Attempts to Find Alternatives to the Scientific Journal: A Brief Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 15, 5 (1989): 260-266; and Peek, R. P. and Burstyn, J. N. "In Pursuit of Improved Scholarly Communications," In Joan N. Burstyn, ed. Desktop Publishing in the University (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 99-120.
18. Phelps, R. H. and Herlin, J. P. "Alternatives to the Scientific Periodical: A Report and Bibliography," UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 14 (March-April 1960): 61-75; Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Lambert, J. Scientific and Technical Journals (London: Clive Bingley, 1985); Piternick, A. B. "Attempts to Find Alternatives to the Scientific Journal: A Brief Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 15, 5 (1989): 260-266; and Peek, R. P. and Burstyn, J. N. "In Pursuit of Improved Scholarly Communications," In Joan N. Burstyn, ed. Desktop Publishing in the University (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 99-120.
19. Phelps, R. H. and Herlin, J. P. "Alternatives to the Scientific Periodical: A Report and Bibliography," UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 14 (March-April 1960): 61-75; Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Lambert, J. Scientific and Technical Journals (London: Clive Bingley, 1985); Piternick, A. B. "Attempts to Find Alternatives to the Scientific Journal: A Brief Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 15, 5 (1989): 260-266; and Peek, R. P. and Burstyn, J. N. "In Pursuit of Improved Scholarly Communications," In Joan N. Burstyn, ed. Desktop Publishing in the University (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 99-120.
20. Phelps, R. H. and Herlin, J. P. "Alternatives to the Scientific Periodical: A Report and Bibliography," UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 14 (March-April 1960): 61-75; Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Lambert, J. Scientific and Technical Journals (London: Clive Bingley, 1985); Piternick, A. B. "Attempts to Find Alternatives to the Scientific Journal: A Brief Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 15, 5 (1989): 260-266; and Peek, R. P. and Burstyn, J. N. "In Pursuit of Improved Scholarly Communications," In Joan N. Burstyn, ed. Desktop Publishing in the University (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 99-120.
21. Phelps, R. H. and Herlin, J. P. "Alternatives to the Scientific Periodical: A Report and Bibliography," UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 14 (March-April 1960): 61-75; Scholarly Communication: The Report of the National Enquiry (Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1979); Lambert, J. Scientific and Technical Journals (London: Clive Bingley, 1985); Piternick, A. B. "Attempts to Find Alternatives to the Scientific Journal: A Brief Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 15, 5 (1989): 260-266; and Peek, R. P. and Burstyn, J. N. "In Pursuit of Improved Scholarly Communications," In Joan N. Burstyn, ed. Desktop Publishing in the University (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991), 99-120.
22. In this paper electronic journals mean electronic-only publications with no print counterpart, which are usually available over the global networks such as the Internet and BITNET.
23. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
24. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
25. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
26. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
27. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
28. For the first two e-journal projects, see Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. R. "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report," Journal of the American Society for Information Science 33, 6 (1982): 195-202; and Shackel, B. "The BLEND System: Program for the Study of Some 'Electronic Journals.'" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 34, 1 (1983): 22-30. For the rapid growth of the number of e-journals, see Okerson, A. S. and O'Donnell, J. J., eds. Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1995); Hitchcock, S. et al. "Towards Universal Linking for Electronic Journals." Serials Review 24, 1 (1998): 21-33; Harter, S. P. and Kim, H. J. "The Impact of Electronic Journals on Scholarly Communication: A Citation and Reference Study." In Gretchen Whitney, ed. Proceedings of the ASIS Mid-Year 1996 (Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996), 299-315; and Mogge, D. W., ed. Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997).
29. In this paper feasibility is defined as the extent to which specific conditions required tor e-journals can be practically and reliably achieved.
30. In this paper acceptability is defined as the extent to which e-journals are adopted by scholars as a medium of formal scholarly communication. The acceptability of e-journals may be affected not only by economic, technological and cognitive, and sociological factors but also by personal factors.
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35. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
36. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
37. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
38. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
39. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
40. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
41. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
42. Kronick, D. A. A History of Scientific and Technical Periodicals: The Origins and Development of the Scientific and Technological Press 1665-1790 (New York: The Scarecrow Press, 1961 ); Porter, "The Scientific Journal," 211-230; Houghton, Scientific Periodicals; McKie, "The Scientific Periodical," 7-17; Subramanyam, K. "Scientific and Technical Journals: Developments and Prospects." Science and Technology Libraries 4, 1 (1983): 3-19; Osburn, "The Place of the Journal," 315-324; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, R. D. and Hurt, C. D. Scientific and Technical Literature: An Introduction to Forms of Communication (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1990).
43. Porter, "The Scientific Journal."
44. Ibid.
45. Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
46. Houghton, Scientific Periodicals, 16.
47. Houghton, Scientific Periodicals.
48. Ibid.; King, D. W., McDonald, D. D., and Roderer, N. K. Scientific Journals in the United States (Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross, 1981); and Subramanyam, "Scientific and Technical Journals."
49. Ibid.; King, D. W., McDonald, D. D., and Roderer, N. K. Scientific Journals in the United States (Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross, 1981); and Subramanyam, "Scientific and Technical Journals."
50. Ibid.; King, D. W., McDonald, D. D., and Roderer, N. K. Scientific Journals in the United States (Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross, 1981); and Subramanyam, "Scientific and Technical Journals."
51. Porter, "The Scientific Journal"; and Houghton, Scientific Periodicals.
52. Porter, "The Scientific Journal"; and Houghton, Scientific Periodicals.
53. Houghton, Scientific Periodicals.
54. Porter, "The Scientific Journal."
55. Veaner, A. B. "Into the Fourth Century." Drexel Library Quarterly 21, 1 (1985): 4-28; Price, D. De S. Little Science, Big Science (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963); Meadows, A. J. Communication in Science (London: Butterworths, 1974); and Knight, D. Sources for the History of Science 1660-1914 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975).
56. Veaner, A. B. "Into the Fourth Century." Drexel Library Quarterly 21, 1 (1985): 4-28; Price, D. De S. Little Science, Big Science (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963); Meadows, A. J. Communication in Science (London: Butterworths, 1974); and Knight, D. Sources for the History of Science 1660-1914 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975).
57. Veaner, A. B. "Into the Fourth Century." Drexel Library Quarterly 21, 1 (1985): 4-28; Price, D. De S. Little Science, Big Science (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963); Meadows, A. J. Communication in Science (London: Butterworths, 1974); and Knight, D. Sources for the History of Science 1660-1914 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975).
58. Veaner, A. B. "Into the Fourth Century." Drexel Library Quarterly 21, 1 (1985): 4-28; Price, D. De S. Little Science, Big Science (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963); Meadows, A. J. Communication in Science (London: Butterworths, 1974); and Knight, D. Sources for the History of Science 1660-1914 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975).
59. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals: and King, Scientific Journals in the United States.
60. Fry, B. M. and White, H. S. Publishers and Libraries: A Study of Scholarly and Research Journals (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1976); and King, Scientific Journals in the United States.
61. Fry, B. M. and White, H. S. Publishers and Libraries: A Study of Scholarly and Research Journals (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1976); and King, Scientific Journals in the United States.
62. Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
63. Ibid.
64. Price, Little Science, Big Science, 63.
65. Meadows, Communication in Science.
66. Ibid.
67. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals, 17.
68. Daniel, H. D. Guardians of Science: Fairness and Reliability of Peer Review, W. E. Russey, Trans. (New York: VCH, 1993), 1.
69. Chesebro, J. W. "The Peer Review System," Communication Quarterly 35, 4 (1987): i-v.
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88. King, Scientific Journals in the United States; Kronenfeld, M. R. and Gable, S. H. "Real Inflation of Journal Prices: Medical Journals, US Journals, and Brandon List Journals." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 71, 4 (1983): 375-379; Lenzini, R. T. "Periodical Prices: 1985-87 Update." The Serials Librarian 13 (September 1987): 49-57; Association of Research Libraries. Report of the ARL Serials Prices Project (Washington, DC: Author, 1989); Rogers, S. J. and Hurt, C. S. "How Scholarly Communication Should Work in the 21st Century." College & Research Libraries 51 (January 1990): 5-8; Marks, K. E. and Nielsen, S. P. "A Longitudinal Study of Journal Prices in a Research Library." The Serials Librarian 19 (1991): 105-135; Cummings, A. M. et al. University Libraries and Scholarly Communication (Washington, DC: ARL, 1992); Ketcham, L. and Born, K. "Projecting Serials Costs: Banking on the Past to Buy for the Future, Periodical Price Survey." Library Journal 119 (April 1994): 44-50; King, D. W. and Griffiths, J. "Economic Issues Concerning Electronic Publishing and Distribution of Scholarly Articles." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 713-740; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Trends in Scientific Scholarly Journal Publishing in the United States." Journal of Scholarly Publishing (April 1997): 135-170.
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143. Crane, D. "The Gatekeepers of Science: Some Factors Affecting the Selection of Articles for Scientific Journals." The American Sociologist 2, 3 (1967): 195-201; Zuckerman, "Institutionalized Patterns of Evaluation in Science"; Mahoney, M. J. "Publication Prejudices: An Experimental Study of Confirmatory Bias in the Peer Review System." Cognitive Therapy and Research 1, 2 (1977): 161-175; Gordon, M. "A Critical Reassessment of Inferred Relations between Multiple Authorship, Scientific Collaboration, the Production of Papers and Their Acceptance for Publication." Scientometrics 2 (1980): 193-201; Peters, D. P. and Ceci, S. J. "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals: The Fate of Published Articles, Submitted Again." Hehavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1982): 187-195; Lock, S. A Difficult Balance: Editorial Peer Review in Medicine (Philadelphia, PA: ISI Press, 1986); Coursol, A. and Wagner, E. E. "Effect of Positive Findings on Submission and Acceptance Rates: A Note on Meta-Analysis Bias." Professional Psychology Research and Practice 17 (1986): 136-137; Neuliep, J. W. and Crandall, R. "Editorial Bias against Replication Research." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 5, 4 (1990): 85-90; Dickersin, K. "The Existence of Publication Bias and Risk Factors for Its Occurrence." In Council of Biology Editors, ed. Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 92-104; Weller, A. C. "Potential Bias in Editorial Peer Review: A Study of U. S. Medical Journals." The Serials Librarian 19, 3-4 (1991): 95-103; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
144. Crane, D. "The Gatekeepers of Science: Some Factors Affecting the Selection of Articles for Scientific Journals." The American Sociologist 2, 3 (1967): 195-201; Zuckerman, "Institutionalized Patterns of Evaluation in Science"; Mahoney, M. J. "Publication Prejudices: An Experimental Study of Confirmatory Bias in the Peer Review System." Cognitive Therapy and Research 1, 2 (1977): 161-175; Gordon, M. "A Critical Reassessment of Inferred Relations between Multiple Authorship, Scientific Collaboration, the Production of Papers and Their Acceptance for Publication." Scientometrics 2 (1980): 193-201; Peters, D. P. and Ceci, S. J. "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals: The Fate of Published Articles, Submitted Again." Hehavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1982): 187-195; Lock, S. A Difficult Balance: Editorial Peer Review in Medicine (Philadelphia, PA: ISI Press, 1986); Coursol, A. and Wagner, E. E. "Effect of Positive Findings on Submission and Acceptance Rates: A Note on Meta-Analysis Bias." Professional Psychology Research and Practice 17 (1986): 136-137; Neuliep, J. W. and Crandall, R. "Editorial Bias against Replication Research." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 5, 4 (1990): 85-90; Dickersin, K. "The Existence of Publication Bias and Risk Factors for Its Occurrence." In Council of Biology Editors, ed. Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 92-104; Weller, A. C. "Potential Bias in Editorial Peer Review: A Study of U. S. Medical Journals." The Serials Librarian 19, 3-4 (1991): 95-103; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
145. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
146. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
147. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
148. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
149. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
150. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
151. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
152. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
153. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
154. Bowen, D. D., Perloff, R., and Jacoby, J. "Improving Manuscript Evaluation Procedures." American Psychologist 27, 3 (1972): 221-225; Scott, W. A. "Inter-Referee Agreement on Some Characteristics of Manuscripts Submitted to the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." American Psychologist 29, 9 (1974): 698-702; Ingelfinger, F. J. "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication." The American Journal of Medicine 56 (1974): 686-692; Mahoney, "Publication Prejudices"; Hendrick, C. "Editorial Comment." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 3, 1 (1977): 1-2; Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; Cicchetti, D. V. "Reliability of Reviews for the American Psychologist: A Biostatistical Assessment of the Data." American Psychologist 35, 3 (1980): 300-303; Bakanic, V., McPhail, C., and Simon, R. J. "The Manuscript Review and Decision-Making Process." American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 631-642; Hargens, L. L. and Herting, J. R. "A New Approach to Referees' Assessments of Manuscripts." Social Science Research 19 (1990): 1-16; and Daniel, Guardians of Science.
155. Ingelfinger, "Peer Review in Biomedical Publication."
156. Scott, "Inter-Referee Agreement"; Cicchetti, D. V. and Eron, L. D. "The Reliability of Manuscript Reviewing for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology." Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 22 (1979): 596-600; Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "Interjudgmental Reliability of Reviews for the Journal of Educational Psychology." Journal of Educational Psychology 73, 6 (1981): 872-880; and Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "The Peer Review Process Used to Evaluate Manuscripts Submitted to Academic Journals: Interjudgmental Reliability." Journal of Experimental Education 57, 2 (1989): 151-169.
157. Scott, "Inter-Referee Agreement"; Cicchetti, D. V. and Eron, L. D. "The Reliability of Manuscript Reviewing for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology." Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 22 (1979): 596-600; Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "Interjudgmental Reliability of Reviews for the Journal of Educational Psychology." Journal of Educational Psychology 73, 6 (1981): 872-880; and Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "The Peer Review Process Used to Evaluate Manuscripts Submitted to Academic Journals: Interjudgmental Reliability." Journal of Experimental Education 57, 2 (1989): 151-169.
158. Scott, "Inter-Referee Agreement"; Cicchetti, D. V. and Eron, L. D. "The Reliability of Manuscript Reviewing for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology." Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 22 (1979): 596-600; Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "Interjudgmental Reliability of Reviews for the Journal of Educational Psychology." Journal of Educational Psychology 73, 6 (1981): 872-880; and Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "The Peer Review Process Used to Evaluate Manuscripts Submitted to Academic Journals: Interjudgmental Reliability." Journal of Experimental Education 57, 2 (1989): 151-169.
159. Scott, "Inter-Referee Agreement"; Cicchetti, D. V. and Eron, L. D. "The Reliability of Manuscript Reviewing for the Journal of Abnormal Psychology." Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, 22 (1979): 596-600; Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "Interjudgmental Reliability of Reviews for the Journal of Educational Psychology." Journal of Educational Psychology 73, 6 (1981): 872-880; and Marsh, H. W. and Ball, S. "The Peer Review Process Used to Evaluate Manuscripts Submitted to Academic Journals: Interjudgmental Reliability." Journal of Experimental Education 57, 2 (1989): 151-169.
160. Gordon, M. A Study of the Evaluation of Research Papers by Primary Journals in the UK (Leicester: Primary Communications Research Center, 1978); Lock, Difficult Balance; and Relman, A. S. "Peer Review in Scientific Journals - What Good Is It?" Western Journal of Medicine 153, 5 (1990): 520-522.
161. Gordon, M. A Study of the Evaluation of Research Papers by Primary Journals in the UK (Leicester: Primary Communications Research Center, 1978); Lock, Difficult Balance; and Relman, A. S. "Peer Review in Scientific Journals - What Good Is It?" Western Journal of Medicine 153, 5 (1990): 520-522.
162. Gordon, M. A Study of the Evaluation of Research Papers by Primary Journals in the UK (Leicester: Primary Communications Research Center, 1978); Lock, Difficult Balance; and Relman, A. S. "Peer Review in Scientific Journals - What Good Is It?" Western Journal of Medicine 153, 5 (1990): 520-522.
163. Dancik, B. P. "the Importance of Peer Review." The Serials Librarian 19, 3-4 (1991): 93.
164. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in
165. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
166. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
167. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
168. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
169. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
170. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
171. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
172. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
173. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
174. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
175. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
176. For the suppression of innovative ideas, see Ruderfer, M. "The Fallacy of Peer Review-Judgment Without Science and a Case History." Speculations in Science and Technology 3, 5 (1980): 533-562; Staw, B. M. "Repairs on the Road to Relevance and Rigor: Some Unexplored Issues in Publishing Organizational Research." In L. L. Cummings and Peter J. Frost, eds. Publishing in the Organizational Sciences (Homewood: Richard D. Irwin, 1985), 96-107; Horrobin, D. F. "The Philosophical Basis of Peer Review and the Suppression of Innovation." Journal of the American Medical Association 263, 10 (1990): 1438-1446; Weller, A. C. "Editorial Peer Review: Research, Current Practices, and Implications for Librarians." Serials Review 21 (Spring 1995): 53-65; and Campanario, J. M. "Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?" Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 4 (1996): 302-310. With regard to unethical behaviors, see Serebnick, J. and Harter, S. P. "Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals." The Library Quarterly 60, 2 (1990): 91-119; Peters, "Peer-Review Practices of Psychological Journals"; Altman, L. K. and Melcher, L. A. "Fraud in Science." British Medical Journal 286 (1983): 2003-2006; Lock, Difficult Balance; Abelson, P. "Mechanisms for Evaluating Scientific Information and the Role of Peer Review." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 41, 3 (1990): 216-222; Relman, "Peer Review in Scientific Journals"; Korn, D. "Scientific Integrity and Scientific Misconduct: The Interface Between Research Institutions and Journals." In Council of Biology Editors, ed., Peer Review in Scientific Publishing (Chicago, IL: Editor, 1991), 205-212; and Fondiller, S. H. "Editorial Peer Review Is Nursing at Risk?" Nursing & Health Care 15, 3 (1994): 142-148.
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230. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
231. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
232. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
233. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
234. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
235. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
236. For the credibility of e-journals, see Shamp, S. A. "Prospects for Electronic Publication in Communication: A Survey of Potential Users." Communication Quarterly 40, 3 (1992): 297-304; Cronin, B. and Overfelt, K. "E-journals and Tenure." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 46, 9 (1995): 700-703; Butler, H. J. "Where Does Scholarly Electronic Publishing Get You?" Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 234-246; and Speier, C. et al. "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals as Scholarly Communication: A Question of Prestige and Legitimacy." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, 6 (1999): 537-543. With regard to the economics of e-journals, see Duranceau, E. F., ed. "The Economics of Electronic Publishing." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 77-90; and Tenopir, C. and King, D. W. "Designing Electronic Journals with 30 Years of Lessons from Print." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 2 (1998). Available from http://www. press.umich.edu/jep/04-02/king.html. With regard to the archiving issue of e-journals, see Brichford, M. and Maher, W. "Archival Issues in Network Electronic Publications." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 701-712; and Cochenour, D. "CICNet's Electronic Journal Collection." Serials Review 22, 1 (1996): 63-68. For the accessibility of e-journals, see Woodward, H. and McKnight, C. "Electronic Journals: Issues of Access and Bibliographical Control." Serials Review 21 (Summer 1995): 71-78; and Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals." With respect to the copyright issue of e-journals, see Report of the AAU Task Forces on Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Environment [On-line] (1994). Available from http://arl.cni.org/aau/IPTOC. html; Gasaway, L. N. "Scholarly Publication and Copyright in Networked Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 679-700; and Strong, W. S. "Copyright in a Time of Change." The Journal of Electronic Publishing [On-line] 4, 3 (1999). Available from http://www.press.umich.edu/jep/04-03/strong.html.
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286. Metz, "Serials Pricing and the Role"; Quinn, F. "A Role for Libraries in Electronic Publication." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 27-30; Harnad, S. "Electronic Scholarly Publication: Quo Vadis?" Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 78-80; Quinn, F. and McMillan, G. "Library Copublication of Electronic Journals." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 80-83; Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance"; and Bot, M., Burgemeester, J., and Roes, H. "The Cost of Publishing an Electronic Journal." D-Lib Magazine [On-line] (November 1998). Available from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november98/11roes.html.
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291. Meadows, J., Pullinger, D. and Such, P. "The Cost of Implementing an Electronic Journal." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 227-233; Jog, V. Cost and Revenue Structure of Academic Journals: Paper-Based versus E-Journals [On-line] (1995). Available from http://schoolnet2.carleton.ca/english/biz/economics/vijayjog.html; Cochenour, D. "Project Muse: A Partnership of Interest." Serials Review 21, 3 (1995): 75-81 ; Marks, R. H. "The Economic Challenges of Publishing Electronic Journals." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 85-88; Fisher, J. H. "The True Costs of an Electronic Journal." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 88-90; and Tenopir, "Designing Electronic Journals."
292. Meadows, J., Pullinger, D. and Such, P. "The Cost of Implementing an Electronic Journal." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (July 1995): 227-233; Jog, V. Cost and Revenue Structure of Academic Journals: Paper-Based versus E-Journals [On-line] (1995). Available from http://schoolnet2.carleton.ca/english/biz/economics/vijayjog.html; Cochenour, D. "Project Muse: A Partnership of Interest." Serials Review 21, 3 (1995): 75-81 ; Marks, R. H. "The Economic Challenges of Publishing Electronic Journals." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 85-88; Fisher, J. H. "The True Costs of an Electronic Journal." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 88-90; and Tenopir, "Designing Electronic Journals."
293. Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
294. Harnad, "Quo Vadis?"
295. Harter, "Scholarly Communication and Electronic Journals."
296. Meadows, "The Cost of Implementing."
297. Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals."
298. Rowland, F. "The Need for Information Organizations and Information Professionals in the Internet Era." Serials Review 21, 1 (1995): 84-85.
299. Hickey, T. B. "Present and Future Capabilities of the Online Journal." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 528-543; and Lancaster, F. W. "Attitudes in Academia Toward Feasibility and Desirability of Networked Scholarly Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 741-752.
300. Hickey, T. B. "Present and Future Capabilities of the Online Journal." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 528-543; and Lancaster, F. W. "Attitudes in Academia Toward Feasibility and Desirability of Networked Scholarly Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 741-752.
301. Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance." 93-94.
302. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
303. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
304. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
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307. Lancaster, "Attitudes in Academia"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; and Gomes, S. and Meadows, J. "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 29, 3 (1998): 174-181.
308. Lancaster, "Attitudes in Academia"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; and Gomes, S. and Meadows, J. "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 29, 3 (1998): 174-181.
309. Lancaster, "Attitudes in Academia"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; and Gomes, S. and Meadows, J. "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 29, 3 (1998): 174-181.
310. Harter, "Scholarly Communication and Electronic Journals."
311. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals"; and Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
312. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals"; and Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing."
313. Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals"; Hitchcock, "Towards Universal Linking"; and Kim, H. J. "The Hyperlinking Process in Scholarly Electronic Journals: A Comparison of Hyperlinking and Citing Practices" (PhD diss., Indiana University, 1999).
314. Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals"; Hitchcock, "Towards Universal Linking"; and Kim, H. J. "The Hyperlinking Process in Scholarly Electronic Journals: A Comparison of Hyperlinking and Citing Practices" (PhD diss., Indiana University, 1999).
315. Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals"; Hitchcock, "Towards Universal Linking"; and Kim, H. J. "The Hyperlinking Process in Scholarly Electronic Journals: A Comparison of Hyperlinking and Citing Practices" (PhD diss., Indiana University, 1999).
316. Butler, D. "The Writing Is on the Web for Science Journals in Print." Nature 397 (21 January 1999): 195-200.
317. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals"; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Woolfrey, S. "Subscriber Interest in Electronic Copy of Printed Journals." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (April 1995): 200-205.
318. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals"; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Woolfrey, S. "Subscriber Interest in Electronic Copy of Printed Journals." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (April 1995): 200-205.
319. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals"; Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities"; and Woolfrey, S. "Subscriber Interest in Electronic Copy of Printed Journals." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 26 (April 1995): 200-205.
320. Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers: The Keys to Success or Failure for Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 571-591; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing"; and Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance."
321. Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers: The Keys to Success or Failure for Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 571-591; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing"; and Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance."
322. Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers: The Keys to Success or Failure for Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 571-591; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing"; and Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance."
323. Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers: The Keys to Success or Failure for Electronic Publishing." Library Trends 43, 4 (1995): 571-591; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Lancaster, "The Evolution of Electronic Publishing"; and Odlyzko, "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance."
324. Harnad, S. "Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry." Psychological Science 1, 6 (1990): 342-343.
325. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
326. Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
327. Hickey, "Present and Future Capabilities."
328. Gaines, "An Agenda for Digital Journals."
329. Harter, "Accessing Electronic Journals."
330. Gaines, "Dimensions of Electronic Journals."
331. Olsen, J. Electronic Journal Literature: Implications for Scholar (Westport, CT: Mecklermedia, 1994); McKnight, C., Dillon, A., and Shackel, B. "The Electronic Journal and Its Implications for the Electronic Library." In Teresa M. Harrison and Timothy Stephen, eds. Computer Networking and Scholarly Communication in the Twenty-First-Century University (New York: SUNY Press, 1996), 351-368; and Stewart, L. "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals: Interviews with Chemists at Cornell University." College & Research Libraries 57, 4 (1996): 339-349.
332. Olsen, J. Electronic Journal Literature: Implications for Scholar (Westport, CT: Mecklermedia, 1994); McKnight, C., Dillon, A., and Shackel, B. "The Electronic Journal and Its Implications for the Electronic Library." In Teresa M. Harrison and Timothy Stephen, eds. Computer Networking and Scholarly Communication in the Twenty-First-Century University (New York: SUNY Press, 1996), 351-368; and Stewart, L. "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals: Interviews with Chemists at Cornell University." College & Research Libraries 57, 4 (1996): 339-349.
333. Olsen, J. Electronic Journal Literature: Implications for Scholar (Westport, CT: Mecklermedia, 1994); McKnight, C., Dillon, A., and Shackel, B. "The Electronic Journal and Its Implications for the Electronic Library." In Teresa M. Harrison and Timothy Stephen, eds. Computer Networking and Scholarly Communication in the Twenty-First-Century University (New York: SUNY Press, 1996), 351-368; and Stewart, L. "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals: Interviews with Chemists at Cornell University." College & Research Libraries 57, 4 (1996): 339-349.
334. Dillon, A. "Reading from Paper versus Screen: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature." Ergonomics 35, 10 (1992): 1297-1326.
335. Wright, P. and Lickerish, A. "Proof-reading Texts on Screen and Paper. Behaviour and Information Technology 2, 3 (1983): 227-235; Gould, J. D. and Grischkowsky, N. "Doing the Same Work with Hard Copy and with Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Computer Terminals." Human Factors 26, 3 (1984): 323-337; and Gould, J. D. et al. "Reading Is Slower from CRT Displays than from Paper: Attempts to Isolate a Single-variable Explanation." Human Factors 29, 3 (1987): 269-299.
336. Wright, P. and Lickerish, A. "Proof-reading Texts on Screen and Paper. Behaviour and Information Technology 2, 3 (1983): 227-235; Gould, J. D. and Grischkowsky, N. "Doing the Same Work with Hard Copy and with Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Computer Terminals." Human Factors 26, 3 (1984): 323-337; and Gould, J. D. et al. "Reading Is Slower from CRT Displays than from Paper: Attempts to Isolate a Single-variable Explanation." Human Factors 29, 3 (1987): 269-299.
337. Wright, P. and Lickerish, A. "Proof-reading Texts on Screen and Paper. Behaviour and Information Technology 2, 3 (1983): 227-235; Gould, J. D. and Grischkowsky, N. "Doing the Same Work with Hard Copy and with Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Computer Terminals." Human Factors 26, 3 (1984): 323-337; and Gould, J. D. et al. "Reading Is Slower from CRT Displays than from Paper: Attempts to Isolate a Single-variable Explanation." Human Factors 29, 3 (1987): 269-299.
338. Mills, C. B. and Weldon, L. J. "Reading Text from Computer Screens." ACM Computing Surveys 19, 4 (1987): 329-354.
339. Gould, J. D. et al. "Reading from CRT Displays Can Be as Fast as Reading from Paper." Human Factors 29, 5 (1987): 497-517; and Muter, P. and Maurutto, P. "Reading and Skimming from Computer Screens and Books: The Paperless Office Revisited?" Behaviour and Information Technology 10, 4 (1991): 257-266.
340. Gould, J. D. et al. "Reading from CRT Displays Can Be as Fast as Reading from Paper." Human Factors 29, 5 (1987): 497-517; and Muter, P. and Maurutto, P. "Reading and Skimming from Computer Screens and Books: The Paperless Office Revisited?" Behaviour and Information Technology 10, 4 (1991): 257-266.
341. Pullinger, "Attitudes to Traditional Journal Procedures"; and Simpson, "Academic Journal Usage."
342. Pullinger, "Attitudes to Traditional Journal Procedures"; and Simpson, "Academic Journal Usage."
343. McKnight, "The Electronic Journal and Its Implications."
344. Dillon, A., Richardson, J. and McKnight, C. "Towards the Development of a Full-Text, Searchable Database: Implications from a Study of Journal Usage." British Journal of Academic Librarianship 3, 1 (1988): 47.
345. Dillon, "Towards the Development of a Full-Text, Searchable Database"; Olsen, Electronic Journal Literature: and Stewart, "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals."
346. Dillon, "Towards the Development of a Full-Text, Searchable Database"; Olsen, Electronic Journal Literature: and Stewart, "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals."
347. Dillon, "Towards the Development of a Full-Text, Searchable Database"; Olsen, Electronic Journal Literature: and Stewart, "User Acceptance of Electronic Journals."
348. Merton, "Science and Democratic Social Structure," 556.
349. Merton, "Science and Democratic Social Structure"; Hagstrom, W. O. The Scientific Community (New York: Basic Books, 1965); Ravetz, J. R. Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971); and Gaston, J. The Reward System in British and American Science (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978).
350. Merton, "Science and Democratic Social Structure"; Hagstrom, W. O. The Scientific Community (New York: Basic Books, 1965); Ravetz, J. R. Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971); and Gaston, J. The Reward System in British and American Science (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978).
351. Merton, "Science and Democratic Social Structure"; Hagstrom, W. O. The Scientific Community (New York: Basic Books, 1965); Ravetz, J. R. Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971); and Gaston, J. The Reward System in British and American Science (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978).
352. Merton, "Science and Democratic Social Structure"; Hagstrom, W. O. The Scientific Community (New York: Basic Books, 1965); Ravetz, J. R. Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems (Oxford: Clarendon, 1971); and Gaston, J. The Reward System in British and American Science (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978).
353. Merton, R. K. "Priorities in Scientific Discovery." In Norman W. Storer, ed. The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973), 294.
354. Hagstrom, The Scientific Community.
355. Ibid.; Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery"; Cole, J. R. and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973); Gaston, The Reward System; and Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers."
356. Ibid.; Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery"; Cole, J. R. and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973); Gaston, The Reward System; and Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers."
357. Ibid.; Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery"; Cole, J. R. and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973); Gaston, The Reward System; and Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers."
358. Ibid.; Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery"; Cole, J. R. and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973); Gaston, The Reward System; and Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers."
359. Ibid.; Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery"; Cole, J. R. and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science (Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1973); Gaston, The Reward System; and Tenopir, C. "Authors and Readers."
360. Gaston, The Reward System; and Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery."
361. Gaston, The Reward System; and Merton, "Priorities in Scientific Discovery."
362. Meadows, Communication in Science.
363. Ibid.; Garvey, Communication, the Essence of Science; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
364. Ibid.; Garvey, Communication, the Essence of Science; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
365. Ibid.; Garvey, Communication, the Essence of Science; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
366. Ibid.; Garvey, Communication, the Essence of Science; Lambert, Scientific and Technical Journals; and Walker, Scientific and Technical Literature.
367. Ziman, J. M. Public Knowledge: An Essay Concerning the Social Dimension of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968), 109.
368. Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; and Carrigan, D. P. "Publish or Perish: The Troubled State of Scholarly Communication." Scholarly Publishing 22, 3 (1991): 131-142.
369. Lindsey, The Scientific Publication System; and Carrigan, D. P. "Publish or Perish: The Troubled State of Scholarly Communication." Scholarly Publishing 22, 3 (1991): 131-142.
370. Hagstrom, The Scientific Community; Cronin, B. The Citation Process: The Role and Significance of Citations in Scientific Communication (London: Taylor Graham, 1984); and Cronin, B. The Scholar's Courtesy: The Role of Acknowledgment in the Primary Communication Process (London: Taylor Graham, 1995).
371. Hagstrom, The Scientific Community; Cronin, B. The Citation Process: The Role and Significance of Citations in Scientific Communication (London: Taylor Graham, 1984); and Cronin, B. The Scholar's Courtesy: The Role of Acknowledgment in the Primary Communication Process (London: Taylor Graham, 1995).
372. Hagstrom, The Scientific Community; Cronin, B. The Citation Process: The Role and Significance of Citations in Scientific Communication (London: Taylor Graham, 1984); and Cronin, B. The Scholar's Courtesy: The Role of Acknowledgment in the Primary Communication Process (London: Taylor Graham, 1995).
373. Ravetz, Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems, 247.
374. Hagstrom, The Scientific Community, 23.
375. Ravetz, Scientific Knowledge and Its Social Problems.
376. Gaines, "Dimensions of Electronic Journals," 321.
377. Turoff, "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report"; Savage, L. "The Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [On-line] 2, 1 (1991). Available from http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/savage.2n1; Jennings, "E-journal: An Account of the First Two Years"; Amiran, "Postmodern Culture"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
378. Turoff, "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report"; Savage, L. "The Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [On-line] 2, 1 (1991). Available from http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/savage.2n1; Jennings, "E-journal: An Account of the First Two Years"; Amiran, "Postmodern Culture"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
379. Turoff, "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report"; Savage, L. "The Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [On-line] 2, 1 (1991). Available from http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/savage.2n1; Jennings, "E-journal: An Account of the First Two Years"; Amiran, "Postmodern Culture"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
380. Turoff, "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report"; Savage, L. "The Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [On-line] 2, 1 (1991). Available from http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/savage.2n1; Jennings, "E-journal: An Account of the First Two Years"; Amiran, "Postmodern Culture"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
381. Turoff, "The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report"; Savage, L. "The Journal of the International Academy of Hospitality Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review [On-line] 2, 1 (1991). Available from http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/savage.2n1; Jennings, "E-journal: An Account of the First Two Years"; Amiran, "Postmodern Culture"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
382. Rowland, J. F. B. "The Scientist's View of His Information System." Journal of Documentation 38, 1 (1982): 38-42; Schauder, "Electronic Publishing of Professional Articles"; and Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities."
383. Rowland, J. F. B. "The Scientist's View of His Information System." Journal of Documentation 38, 1 (1982): 38-42; Schauder, "Electronic Publishing of Professional Articles"; and Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities."
384. Rowland, J. F. B. "The Scientist's View of His Information System." Journal of Documentation 38, 1 (1982): 38-42; Schauder, "Electronic Publishing of Professional Articles"; and Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities."
385. Collins, "IPCT Journal"; and Cronin, "E-journals and Tenure."
386. Collins, "IPCT Journal"; and Cronin, "E-journals and Tenure."
387. Shamp, "Prospects for Electronic Publication"; Cronin, "E-journals and Tenure"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Berge, Z. L. and Collins, M. P. "IPCT Journal Readership Survey." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 9 (1996): 701-710; Warkentin, E. "Consumer Issues and the Scholarly Journal." Canadian Journal of Communication 22, 3-4 (1997): 39-47: Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
388. Shamp, "Prospects for Electronic Publication"; Cronin, "E-journals and Tenure"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Berge, Z. L. and Collins, M. P. "IPCT Journal Readership Survey." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 9 (1996): 701-710; Warkentin, E. "Consumer Issues and the Scholarly Journal." Canadian Journal of Communication 22, 3-4 (1997): 39-47: Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
389. Shamp, "Prospects for Electronic Publication"; Cronin, "E-journals and Tenure"; Butler, "Where Does Scholarly"; Berge, Z. L. and Collins, M. P. "IPCT Journal Readership Survey." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47, 9 (1996): 701-710; Warkentin, E. "Consumer Issues and the Scholarly Journal." Canadian Journal of Communication 22, 3-4 (1997): 39-47: Gomes, "Perceptions of Electronic Journals in British Universities"; and Speier, "Faculty Perceptions of Electronic Journals."
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