Why is collective violence collective?

Sociological Theory

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 126-144

  De La Roche, Roberta Senechal ^a  

^a WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035533050     PISSN: 07352751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0735-2751.00133     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Akers, Monte. 1999. Flames after Midnight: Murder, Vengeance, and the Desolation of a Texas Community. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
2. Anderson, Elijah. 1990. Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
3. Ayers, Edward L. 1984. Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the Nineteenth-Century American South. New York: Oxford University Press.
4. _. 1992. The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Barton, Roy Franklin. [1919] 1969. Ifugao Law. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6. Baumgartner, M. P. 1988. The Moral Order of a Suburb. New York: Oxford University Press.
7. Baxter, P. T. W. 1972. "Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fonder: Some Suggestions Why Witchcraft Accusations Are Rare among East African Pastoralists." Pp. 163-91 in The Allocation of Responsibility, edited by Max Gluckman. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
8. Beattie, John. 1963. "Sorcery in Bunyoro." Pp. 27-55 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
9. Beck, E. M., and Stewart E. Tolnay. 1997. "When Race Didn't Matter: Black and White Mob Violence against Their Own Color." Pp. 132-54 in Under Sentence of Death: Lynching in the South, edited by W. Fitzhugh Brundage. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
10. Beidelman, T. O. 1963. "Witchcraft in Ukaguru." Pp. 57-98 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
11. Black, Donald. 1976. The Behavior of Law. New York: Academic Press.
12. _. 1984. "Social Control as a Dependent Variable." Pp. 1-36 in Toward a General Theory of Social Control, vol. 1, Fundamentals, edited by Donald Black. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
13. _. 1989. Sociological Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.
14. _. 1990. "The Elementary Forms of Conflict Management." Pp. 43-69 in New Directions in the Study of Justice, Law, and Social Control, prepared by the School of Justice Studies, Arizona State University. New York: Plenum Press.
15. _. 1995. "The Epistemology of Pure Sociology." Law and Social Inquiry 20:829-70.
16. _. 1998. The Social Structure of Right and Wrong. San Diego, CA: Academic Press (revised edition; first edition, 1993).
17. _. 2000a. "Dreams of Pure Sociology." Sociological Theory 18:343-67.
18. _. 2000b. "The Purification of Sociology." Contemporary Sociology 29:704-09.
19. Black, Donald, and M. P. Baumgartner. 1983. "Toward a Theory of the Third Party." Pp. 84-114 in Empirical Theories about Courts, edited by Keith O. Boyum and Lynn Mather. New York: Longman.
20. Boehin, Christopher. 1985. "Execution within the Clan as an Extreme Form of Ostracism." Social Science Information 24:309-21.
21. Bohstedt, John. 1983. Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales, 1790-1810. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. 1993. Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
23. Butterfield, Fox. 1995. All God's Children: The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
24. Buxton, Jean. 1963. "Mandari Witchcraft." Pp. 99-121 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
25. Calhoun, Craig. 1991. "The Problem of Identity in Collective Action." In Micro-Macro Linkages in Sociology, edited by Joan Huber. Newbury Park: Sage.
26. Capeci, Dominic J., Jr. 1998. The Lynching of Cleo Wright. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
27. Capeci, Dominic J., Jr., and Martha Wilkerson. 1991. Layered Violence: The Detroit Rioters of 1943. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.
28. Chin, Ko-Lin. 1996. "Gang Violence in Chinatown." Pp. 157-84 in Gangs in America, 2d. edited by C. Ronald Huff. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
29. Cooney, Mark. 1998. Warriors and Peacemakers: How Third Parties Shape Violence. New York: New York University Press.
30. Crawford, J. R. 1967. Witchcraft and Sorcery in Rhodesia. London, England: Oxford University Press.
31. Davis, Natalie Zemon. 1975. Society and Culture in Early Modern France. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
32. Davis, Robert C. 1994. The War of the Fists: Popular Culture and Public Violence in Late Renaissance Venice. New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Edgerton, Robert B. 1972. "Violence in East African Tribal Societies." Pp. 159-70 in Collective Violence, edited by James F. Short, Jr., and Marvin E. Wolfgang. Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
34. Emmons, George Thornton. [1927] 1991. The Tlingit Indians. Edited with additions by Frederica de Laguna and a biography by Jean Low. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
35. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. London, England: Oxford University Press.
36. Fried, Jacob. 1953. "The Relation of Ideal Norms to Actual Behavior in Tarahumara Society." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9:86-295.
37. Gilje, Paul A. 1987. The Road to Mobocracy: Popular Disorder in New York City, 1763-1834. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
38. Gillin, John. 1934. "Crime and Punishment among the Barama River Carib of British Guiana." American Anthropologist 36:331-44.
39. Given, James Buchanan. 1977. Society and Homicide in Thirteenth-Century England. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
40. Gluckman, Max. [1956] 1969. Custom and Conflict in Africa. New York: Barnes and Noble.
41. Goldstone, Jack A., and Bert Useem. 1999. "Prison Riots as Microrevolutions: An Extension of State-Centered Theories of Revolution." American Journal of Sociology 104:985-1029.
42. Gould, Roger V. 1993. "Collective Action and Network Structure." American Sociological Review 58:182-96.
43. _. 1995. Insurgent Identities: Class, Community, and Protest in Paris from 1848 to the Commune. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
44. _. 1999. "Collective Violence and Group Solidarity in Corsica." American Sociological Review 64:356-80.
45. Granovetter, Mark. 1978. "Threshold Models of Collective Behavior." American Journal of Sociology 83:1420-43.
46. Gregor, Thomas. 1977. Mehinaku: The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
47. Gurr, Ted Robert. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
48. Hammerton, A. James. 1991. "The Targets of 'Rough Music': Respectability and Domestic Violence in Victorian England." Gender and History 3:23-44.
49. Harner, Michael J. 1972. The Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
50. Harring, Sidney. 1994. Crow Dog's Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51. Hart, C. W. M., and Arnold R. Pilling. 1960. The Tiwi of North Australia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
52. Hiatt, L. R. 1965. Kinship and Conflict: A Study of an Aboriginal Community in Northern Arnhem Land. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University.
53. Hoebel, E. Adamson. 1967. The Law of Primitive Man: A Study in Comparative Legal Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
54. Ingram, Martin. 1984. "Ridings, Rough Music and the 'Reform of Popular Culture' in Early Modern England." Past and Present 105:79-113.
55. Jankowski, Martìn Sánchez. 1991. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
56. Johnson, Charles S. 1934. Shadow of the Plantation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
57. Johnson, David R. 1979. Policing the Urban Underworld: The Impact of Crime on the Development of the American Police, 1800-1887. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
58. Knauft, Bruce M. 1991. "Violence and Sociality in Human Evolution." Current Anthropology 32:391-428.
59. Kuhn, Philip A. 1990. Soulstealers: The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
60. La Fontaine, Jean. 1963. "Witchcraft in Bugisu." Pp. 187-220 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
61. Laurie, Bruce. 1980. Working People of Philadelphia, 1800-1850. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
62. Lee, Richard Borshay. 1979. The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Levin, Jack, and Jack McDevitt. 1993. Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed. New York: Plenum Press.
64. LeVine, Robert A. 1959. "Gusii Sex Offenses: A Study in Social Control." American Anthropologist 61:965-90.
65. _. 1963. "Witchcraft and Sorcery in a Gusii Community." Pp. 221-55 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
66. Lindblom, Gerhard. 1920. The Akamba in British East Africa. New York: Negro Universities Press.
67. Llewellyn, K. N., and E. Adamson Hoebel. 1941. The Cheyenne Way: Conflict and Case Law in Primitive Jurisprudence. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
68. Macfarlane, A. D. J. 1970. "Definitions of Witchcraft." Pp. 41-44 in Witchcraft and Sorcery, edited by Max Marwick. New York: Penguin Books.
69. McGovern, James R. 1982. Anatomy of a Lynching: The Killing of Claude Neal. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
70. McGrath, Roger D. 1984. Gunfighters, Highwaymen, and Vigilantes: Violence on the Frontier. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
71. McMillen, Neil R. 1990. Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
72. McPhail, Clark. 1991. The Myth of the Madding Crowd. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
73. _. 1994. "The Dark Side of Purpose: Individual and Collective Violence in Riots." Sociological Quarterly 35:1-32.
74. Markovsky, Barry. 1998. "Social Network Conceptions of Group Solidarity." In The Problem of Solidarity: Theories and Models, edited by Patrick Doreian and Thomas Fararo. Newark, NJ: Gordon and Breach Publishers.
75. Markovsky, Barry, and Mark Chaffee. 1995. "Social Identification and Solidarity." In Advances in Group Processes, vol. 12, edited by Barry Markovsky, Karen Heimer, and Jodi O'Brien. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
76. Markovsky, Barry, and Edward J. Lawler. 1994. "A New Theory of Group Solidarity." In Advances in Group Processes, vol. 11. edited by Barry Markovsky, Karen Heimer, and Jodi O'Brien. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
77. Mayer, Philip. 1970. "Witches." Pp. 45-64 in Witchcraft and Sorcery, edited by Max Marwick. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
78. Meggitt, M. J. 1965. Desert People: A Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
79. Middleton, John. 1963. "Witchcraft and Sorcery in Lugbara." Pp. 257-75 in Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa, edited by John Middleton and E. H. Winter. New York: Praeger.
80. _. 1965. The Lugbara of Uganda. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
81. Middleton, John, and E. H. Winter, eds. 1963. Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa. New York: Praeger.
82. Montell, William Lynwood. 1986. Killings: Folk Justice in the Upper South. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
83. Moore, Sally Falk. 1972. "Legal Liability and Evolutionary Interpretation: Some Aspects of Strict Liability. Self-Help, and Collective Responsibility." Pp. 51-107 in The Allocation of Responsibility, edited by Max Gluckman. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
84. Murphy, Robert F. 1960. Headhunter's Heritage: Social and Economic Change among the Mundurucú Indians. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
85. Oberschall, Anthony. 1993. Social Movements: Ideologies. Interests, and Identities. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
86. Olzak, Susan. 1992. The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
87. Oshinsky, David M. 1996. "Worse than Slavery": Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. New York: Free Press.
88. Pastron, Allen G. 1974. "Collective Defenses of Repression and Denial: Their Relationship to Violence among the Tarahumara Indians of Northern Mexico." Ethos 2:387-404.
89. Pfeifer, Michael J. 1993. "The Ritual of Lynching: Extralegal Justice in Missouri. 1890-1942" Gateway Heritage Journal 13:22-33.
90. Pospisil, Leopold. 1964. Kapauku Papuans and Their Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 54. Reprinted by Human Relations Area Files Press.
91. Ralph, Paige, Robert J. Hunter, James W. Marquart, Steven J. Cuvelier, and Dorothy Merianos. 1996. "Exploring the Differences between Gang and Nongang Prisoners." Pp. 123-36 in Gangs in America, 2d ed., edited by C. Ronald Huff. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
92. Raper, Arthur F. 1933. The Tragedy of Lynching. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
93. Richardson, Jane. [1940] 1966. Law and Status among the Kiowa Indians. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
94. Rieder, Jonathan. 1985. Canarsie: The Jews and Italians of Brooklyn against Liberalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
95. Saran, A. B. 1974. Murder and Suicide among the Munda and the Oraon. Delhi, India: National Publishing House.
96. Scheff, Thomas J. 1994. Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism, and War. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
97. Senechal de la Roche, Roberta. 1990. The Sociogenesis of a Race Riot: Springfield, Illinois, in 1908. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
98. _. 1995. "Beyond the Behavior of Law." Law and Social Inquiry 20:777-85.
99. _. 1996. "Collective Violence as Social Control." Sociological Forum 11:97-128.
100. _. 1997. "The Sociogenesis of Lynching." Pp. 48-76 in Under Sentence of Death: Lynching in the South, edited by W. Fitzhugh Brundage. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
101. Shakur, Sanyika. 1994. Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member. New York: Penguin Books.
102. Shibutani, Tamotsu. 1986. Social Processes: An Introduction to Sociology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
103. Smelser, Neil J. 1963. Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: Free Press.
104. Smith, Arthur H. 1894. Chinese Characteristics. New York: Fleming H. Revell.
105. _. 1899. Village Life in China. New York: Fleming H. Revell.
106. Tarrow, Sidney. 1994. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
107. Thoden van Velzen, H. U. E., and W. van Wetering. 1960. "Residence, Power Groups, and Intra-societal Aggression: An Enquiry into the Conditions Leading to Peacefulness within Non-stratified Societies." International Archives of Ethnography 49 (part 2): 169-200.
108. Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
109. Tilly, Charles, Louise Tilly, and Richard Tilly. 1975. The Rebellious Century, 1830-1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Unversity Press.
110. Tolnay, Stewart, and E. M. Beck. 1995. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of the Lynching of Blacks in the American South, 1882-1930. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
111. Turnbull, Colin M. 1962. The Forest People: A Study of the Pygmies of the Congo. New York: Simon and Schuster.
112. Turner, Ralph, and Lewis Killian. 1987. Collective Behavior. 3d ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
113. Useem, Bert, and Peter Kimball. 1991. States of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots. 1971-1986. New York: Oxford University Press.
114. Waldrep, Christopher. 1992. "The Impact of Race on Law in Kentucky: A Research Note." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 90:165-82.
115. Warner, W. Lloyd. 1937. A Black Civilization: A Social Study of an Australian Tribe. New York: Harper and Brothers.
116. Whitfield, Stephen J. 1988. A Death in the Delta: The Story of Emmett Till. New York: Free Press.
117. Wright, George C. 1990. Racial Violence in Kentucky, 1865-1940: Lynching, Mob Rule, and "Legal Lynchings. " Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
118. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. 1982. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. New York: Oxford University Press.