German foreign policy toward the Yugoslav successor states, 1991-1999

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 48-64

  Ramet, Sabrina P ^a   Coffin, Letty ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035531891     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2001.11655917     Document Type: Article

References (180)

1. Harms W. Maull, "Germany in the Yugoslav Crisis," Survival 37, no. 4 (winter 1995/96): 105.
2. Quoted from an interview published in USA Today (June 17,1993), and reproduced in the International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 19-20, 1993): 1; Le Monde (June 19, 1993): 1. For Germany's angry rejection of Christopher's comments, see United Press International [hereinafter, UPI] (June 18, 1993).
3. Quoted from an interview published in USA Today (June 17,1993), and reproduced in the International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 19-20, 1993): 1; Le Monde (June 19, 1993): 1. For Germany's angry rejection of Christopher's comments, see United Press International [hereinafter, UPI] (June 18, 1993).
4. Quoted from an interview published in USA Today (June 17,1993), and reproduced in the International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 19-20, 1993): 1; Le Monde (June 19, 1993): 1. For Germany's angry rejection of Christopher's comments, see United Press International [hereinafter, UPI] (June 18, 1993).
5. Francis Boyle, agent for the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, argued before the International Court of Justice that under UN regulations no arms embargo may be instituted against any state without the express consent of that state's government, and further, that since the request for said embargo had been filed by the Belgrade government, and since the UN had recognized Bosnia, Slovenia, and Croatia as sovereign states, the UN arms embargo was, strictly speaking, applicable only to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e., Serbia and Montenegro) and not to Bosnia or any of the other successor states. We would add only that, within the framework of Boyle's argument, the arms embargo would also have applied to the Republic of Macedonia until the day on which Macedonia was granted a seat in the United Nations. Francis A. Boyle, The Bosnian People Charge Genocide: Proceedings at the International Court of Justice Concerning Bosnia v. Serbia on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Northampton, MA: Aletheia, 1996), pp. 114-15.
6. Branka Magas, The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Breakup, 1980-92 (New York: Verso, 1993); Sabrina P. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-91, 2d ed. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992); Laura Silber and Allan Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation (New York: Penguin USA, 1996). Substantively strong is Christopher Bennett, Yugoslavia 's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course, and Consequences (New York: New York University Press, 1995).
7. Branka Magas, The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Breakup, 1980-92 (New York: Verso, 1993); Sabrina P. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-91, 2d ed. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992); Laura Silber and Allan Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation (New York: Penguin USA, 1996). Substantively strong is Christopher Bennett, Yugoslavia 's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course, and Consequences (New York: New York University Press, 1995).
8. Branka Magas, The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Breakup, 1980-92 (New York: Verso, 1993); Sabrina P. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-91, 2d ed. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992); Laura Silber and Allan Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation (New York: Penguin USA, 1996). Substantively strong is Christopher Bennett, Yugoslavia 's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course, and Consequences (New York: New York University Press, 1995).
9. Branka Magas, The Destruction of Yugoslavia: Tracking the Breakup, 1980-92 (New York: Verso, 1993); Sabrina P. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962-91, 2d ed. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992); Laura Silber and Allan Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation (New York: Penguin USA, 1996). Substantively strong is Christopher Bennett, Yugoslavia 's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course, and Consequences (New York: New York University Press, 1995).
10. Parlamentarische Protokolle der deutschen Bundestag (Parliamentary Protocols of the German Federal Assembly), 12/33 (Bonn: Government Printing House, June 19, 1991), p. 2690, as cited in Beverly Crawford, "Explaining Defection from International Cooperation: Germany's Unilateral Recognition of Croatia," World Politics 48, no. 4 (July 1996): 493.
11. Parlamentarische Protokolle der deutschen Bundestag (Parliamentary Protocols of the German Federal Assembly), 12/33 (Bonn: Government Printing House, June 19, 1991), p. 2690, as cited in Beverly Crawford, "Explaining Defection from International Cooperation: Germany's Unilateral Recognition of Croatia," World Politics 48, no. 4 (July 1996): 493.
12. Maull, "Germany in the Yugoslav Crisis," p. 102.
13. UPI (July 7, 1991).
14. Sunday Times (July 14, 1991).
15. Borba [Belgrade] (July 25, 1991), translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Eastern Europe [hereinafter, FBIS:EEU] (July 26, 1991): 29.
16. Borba [Belgrade] (July 25, 1991), translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Eastern Europe [hereinafter, FBIS:EEU] (July 26, 1991): 29.
17. Daily Telegraph (July 19, 1991).
18. Sabrina Petra Ramet, "Yugoslavia and the Two Germanys," in The Germans and Their Neighbors, ed. Dirk Verheyen and Christian Søe (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993), p. 329.
19. Reneo Lukic and Allen Lynch, Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 271. Christian Hacke, Weltmacht wider Willen: Die Aussenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (World Power Against Its Will: The Foreign Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany) (Frankfurt: Ullstein, 1993), p. 489.
20. Reneo Lukic and Allen Lynch, Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 271. Christian Hacke, Weltmacht wider Willen: Die Aussenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (World Power Against Its Will: The Foreign Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany) (Frankfurt: Ullstein, 1993), p. 489.
21. Silber and Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation, p. 201.
22. Ibid., p. 209.
23. Ibid., pp. 210-216.
24. Maull, "Germany in the Yugoslav Crisis," p. 104.
25. Los Angeles Times (December 16, 1991): 4; Agence France-Presse [hereinafter, AFP] (December 19, 1991).
26. Regarding German relations with Croatia in this period, see Nenad Ivankovic, Bonn-druga Hrvatska fronta (Bonn-the Other Croatian Front) (Zagreb: Mladost, 1993).
27. Daniele Conversi, "German-Bashing and the Breakup of Yugoslavia," Donald W. Treadgold Papers in Russian, East European, and Central Asian Studies, no. 16 (Seattle: Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, March 1998), p. 14.
28. Viktor Meier, Wie Jugoslawien verspielt wurde, 2d ed. (Munich: C.H. Beck'sche, 1996), pp. 81-97, 132-82, 247-79; also available in English translation by Sabrina P. Ramet, Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise (New York: Routledge, 1999).
29. Viktor Meier, Wie Jugoslawien verspielt wurde, 2d ed. (Munich: C.H. Beck'sche, 1996), pp. 81-97, 132-82, 247-79; also available in English translation by Sabrina P. Ramet, Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise (New York: Routledge, 1999).
30. Sabrina P. Ramet, Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to Ethnic War, 2d ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 245.
31. For an argument to this effect, see Conversi, "German-Bashing and the Breakup of Yugoslavia"; also Daniele Conversi, "Moral Relativism and Equidistance in British Attitudes to the War in the Former Yugoslavia," in This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia, ed. Thomas Cushman and Stjepan G. Meštrovič (New York: New York University Press, 1996), pp. 244-81.
32. For an argument to this effect, see Conversi, "German-Bashing and the Breakup of Yugoslavia"; also Daniele Conversi, "Moral Relativism and Equidistance in British Attitudes to the War in the Former Yugoslavia," in This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia, ed. Thomas Cushman and Stjepan G. Meštrovič (New York: New York University Press, 1996), pp. 244-81.
33. Interview with Manfred Birmelin, consul-general of the Federal Republic of Germany, Seattle, June 24, 1997.
34. David Owen, Balkan Odyssey (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995), p. 203.
35. Maull, "Germany in the Yugoslav Crisis," p. 106.
36. Reuters (December 14, 1992).
37. Reuters (January 23, 1993).
38. The Independent (London) (June 23, 1993): 1.
39. Die Woche (Hamburg) (February 18, 1993): 2.
40. The Times (April 9, 1993); and Süddeutsche Zeitung (April 13, 1993): 1.
41. The Times (April 9, 1993); and Süddeutsche Zeitung (April 13, 1993): 1.
42. Deutsche Presse Agentur [hereinafter, DPA] (May 14, 1993), translated in British Broadcasting Corporation [hereinafter, BBC], Summary of World Broadcasts: Central Europe and the Balkans (May 17, 1993); Reuters (May 17, 1993).
43. Week in Germany (July 15, 1994); The Times (July 16, 1994).
44. Week in Germany (July 15, 1994); The Times (July 16, 1994).
45. DPA (December 16, 1994); AFP (December 20, 1994).
46. UPI (December 20, 1994); AFP (December 20, 1994).
47. Reuters (January 2, 1995).
48. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 9, 1995), 2; Week in Germany (February 10, 1995); Reuters (February 22, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (Berlin) (February 23, 1995), 2; Reuters (February 24, 1995).
49. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 9, 1995), 2; Week in Germany (February 10, 1995); Reuters (February 22, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (Berlin) (February 23, 1995), 2; Reuters (February 24, 1995).
50. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 9, 1995), 2; Week in Germany (February 10, 1995); Reuters (February 22, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (Berlin) (February 23, 1995), 2; Reuters (February 24, 1995).
51. Focus (Munich) (March 6, 1995), 11; Reuters (June 26, 1995).
52. The deployment was the first time German soldiers had been sent into a combat zone since 1945.
53. ITAR-TASS (September 24, 1995).
54. AFP (September 24, 1995).
55. Ibid.
56. ITAR-TASS (September 25, 1995).
57. Ibid.
58. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
59. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
60. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
61. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
62. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
63. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
64. Die Welt (October 12, 1995), 1; ITAR-TASS (October 13, 1995); Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 14, 1995); Welt am Sonntag (Hamburg) (October 22, 1995), 2; Süddeutsche Zeitung (October 23, 1995); DPA (October 24, 1995); Die Tageszeitung (October 25, 1995): 1; ibid. (October 26, 1995), 2.
65. Focus (December 11, 1995): 28, 30.
66. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (December 4, 1995): 1.
67. Süddeutsche Zeitung (December 1, 1995); DPA (December 6, 1995); Frankfurter Allgemeine (November 18, 1995): 1-2.
68. Süddeutsche Zeitung (December 1, 1995); DPA (December 6, 1995); Frankfurter Allgemeine (November 18, 1995): 1-2.
69. Süddeutsche Zeitung (December 1, 1995); DPA (December 6, 1995); Frankfurter Allgemeine (November 18, 1995): 1-2.
70. Süddeutsche Zeitung (January 30, 1996); Neue Zürcher Zeitung (April 18, 1996): 3.
71. Süddeutsche Zeitung (January 30, 1996); Neue Zürcher Zeitung (April 18, 1996): 3.
72. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 8, 1996): 3; Die Welt (February 8, 1996): 6; Süddeutsche Zeitung (February 8, 1996).
73. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 8, 1996): 3; Die Welt (February 8, 1996): 6; Süddeutsche Zeitung (February 8, 1996).
74. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (February 8, 1996): 3; Die Welt (February 8, 1996): 6; Süddeutsche Zeitung (February 8, 1996).
75. Süddeutsche Zeitung (March 25, 1996).
76. Süddeutsche Zeitung (April 13, 1996).
77. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (October 30, 1996): 3; Süddeutsche Zeitung (November 4, 1996).
78. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (October 30, 1996): 3; Süddeutsche Zeitung (November 4, 1996).
79. Süddeutsche Zeitung (May 30, 1996).
80. RFE/RL Newsline (May 30, 1996).
81. Süddeutsche Zeitung (July 4, 1996).
82. Der Spiegel (July 8, 1996): 28.
83. Die Tageszeitung (August 12, 1996): 5.
84. Der Spiegel (July 8, 1996): 29; Week in Germany (September 27, 1996).
85. Der Spiegel (July 8, 1996): 29; Week in Germany (September 27, 1996).
86. Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 27, 1996): 5; New Europe (Athens) (September 15-21, 1996), 28; DPA (September 2, 1996).
87. Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 27, 1996): 5; New Europe (Athens) (September 15-21, 1996), 28; DPA (September 2, 1996).
88. Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 27, 1996): 5; New Europe (Athens) (September 15-21, 1996), 28; DPA (September 2, 1996).
89. Deutschland: Zeitschrift für Politik, Kultur, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft, no. 2 (April 1997): 8.
90. Week in Germany (December 13, 1996).
91. Washington Post (December 14, 1996): A1.
92. Der Tagesspiegel (Berlin) (December 1, 1997): 5, and (April 23, 1998): 2.
93. Der Tagesspiegel (Berlin) (December 1, 1997): 5, and (April 23, 1998): 2.
94. Welt am Sonntag (April 20, 1997): 3.
95. RFE/RL Newsline (February 19, 1998).
96. Nova Bosna (Neu lsenburg) (January 13, 1996): 4; New Europe (Athens) (February 25-March 2, 1996): 38; DPA (March 21, 1997).
97. Nova Bosna (Neu lsenburg) (January 13, 1996): 4; New Europe (Athens) (February 25-March 2, 1996): 38; DPA (March 21, 1997).
98. Nova Bosna (Neu lsenburg) (January 13, 1996): 4; New Europe (Athens) (February 25-March 2, 1996): 38; DPA (March 21, 1997).
99. Navi list (Rijeka) (August 4-5, 1997): 10; Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Svijet (Sarajevo) (June 6, 1996): 28. The other states of the European Union accepted a total of approximately 250,000 refugees. See Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 5-6, 1995): 8.
100. Navi list (Rijeka) (August 4-5, 1997): 10; Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Svijet (Sarajevo) (June 6, 1996): 28. The other states of the European Union accepted a total of approximately 250,000 refugees. See Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 5-6, 1995): 8.
101. Navi list (Rijeka) (August 4-5, 1997): 10; Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Svijet (Sarajevo) (June 6, 1996): 28. The other states of the European Union accepted a total of approximately 250,000 refugees. See Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 5-6, 1995): 8.
102. Navi list (Rijeka) (August 4-5, 1997): 10; Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Svijet (Sarajevo) (June 6, 1996): 28. The other states of the European Union accepted a total of approximately 250,000 refugees. See Süddeutsche Zeitung (August 5-6, 1995): 8.
103. Lukic and Lynch, Europe from the Balkans to the Urals, p. 262.
104. European Information Service [hereinafter, EIS] (July 31, 1992).
105. Silber and Little, Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation, p. 278.
106. Week in Germany (January 22, 1993,) in Uniting Germany: Documents and Debates, 1944-1993, ed. Konrad H. Jarausch and Volker Gransow (Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1994), p. 270.
107. Week in Germany (January 22, 1993,) in Uniting Germany: Documents and Debates, 1944-1993, ed. Konrad H. Jarausch and Volker Gransow (Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1994), p. 270.
108. Timothy Garton Ash, In Europe's Name: Germany and the Divided Continent (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 400.
109. Svijet (June 6, 1996): 28.
110. Gerard Braunthal, Parties and Politics in Modern Germany (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 158.
111. Ronald D. Asmus, German Strategy and Opinion After the Wall, 1990-1993 (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994), p. 14.
112. Süddeutsche Zeitung (July 25, 1995).
113. Ibid. (August 5-6, 1995): 8.
114. Ibid.
115. Der Spiegel (December 18, 1995): 38.
116. RFE/RL Newsline (July 17, 1996).
117. Ibid. (September 20, 1996).
118. Die Welt (April 30-May 1, 1997): 2, and (July 19, 1997): 5.
119. Die Welt (April 30-May 1, 1997): 2, and (July 19, 1997): 5.
120. EIS (November 22, 1997).
121. Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Die Woche (December 12, 1997): 26.
122. Welt am Sonntag (September 14, 1997): 1; Die Woche (December 12, 1997): 26.
123. DPA (July 1, 1997); Christian Science Monitor (April 3, 1997): 6.
124. DPA (March 18, 1998).
125. Der Tagesspiegel (April 27, 1998): 2.
126. Der Spiegel (June 29, 1998): 25.
127. Berliner Zeitung (May 22-23, 1999):17.
128. Meier, Wie Jugoslawien verspielt wurde, pp. 154-82.
129. BBC News (June 10, 1998): received in Kyoto, Japan; International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 15, 1998): 8.
130. Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (April 2, 1998): 4.
131. Der Tagesspiegel (March 11, 1998): 1.
132. Ibid. (March 7, 1998): 1; International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 10, 1998): 1.
133. Ibid. (March 7, 1998): 1; International Herald Tribune (Tokyo ed.) (June 10, 1998): 1.
134. Asahi Evening News (Tokyo) (June 10, 1998): 2.
135. Regarding Cohen, Albright, and Scharping, see Der Tagesspiegel (June 14, 1998), 1; regarding Kinkel, see Focus (June 22, 1998): 30; regarding Ruhe, see Der Spiegel (June 22, 1998): 125.
136. Regarding Cohen, Albright, and Scharping, see Der Tagesspiegel (June 14, 1998), 1; regarding Kinkel, see Focus (June 22, 1998): 30; regarding Ruhe, see Der Spiegel (June 22, 1998): 125.
137. Regarding Cohen, Albright, and Scharping, see Der Tagesspiegel (June 14, 1998), 1; regarding Kinkel, see Focus (June 22, 1998): 30; regarding Ruhe, see Der Spiegel (June 22, 1998): 125.
138. Focus (June 22, 1998): 30.
139. Sabrina P. Ramet, Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to the War for Kosovo, 3d ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999), chap. 13; William Johnsen, "United States Policy Options for Kosovo: Unraveling the Gordian Knot," Brown Journal of World Affairs 6, no. 1 (winter/spring 1999): 215-32.
140. Sabrina P. Ramet, Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia from the Death of Tito to the War for Kosovo, 3d ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999), chap. 13; William Johnsen, "United States Policy Options for Kosovo: Unraveling the Gordian Knot," Brown Journal of World Affairs 6, no. 1 (winter/spring 1999): 215-32.
141. USA Today (June 17, 1999): A1.
142. Yahoo! Finance (23 June 1999), at finance.yahoo.com/rf/990623/ fh/html.
143. AP (June 17, 1999); Miami Herald (June 3, 1999) at www.herald. com; New York Times (June 22, 1999): A1, A13.
144. AP (June 17, 1999); Miami Herald (June 3, 1999) at www.herald. com; New York Times (June 22, 1999): A1, A13.
145. Arkansas Democrat Gazette (May 20, 1999): 1A, 8A.
146. Wall Street Journal (June 22, 1999): A17.
147. New York Times (June 11, 1999): A1.
148. Dallas Morning News (June 25, 1999).
149. Ibid. (June 29, 1999).
150. New York Times (May 20, 1999): A1, A14.
151. Frankfurter Allgemeine (February 25, 1999): 2.
152. Neues Deutschland (April 1, 1999); Die Welt (March 26, 1999).
153. Neues Deutschland (April 1, 1999); Die Welt (March 26, 1999).
154. Economist (April 24, 1999): 51.
155. Ibid.
156. "Fünf-Punkte-Plan für Frieden in Kosovo," at www.pds-online.de/ l/zukunft/9904/friedensplan.htm.
157. Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 21, 1999): 1.
158. Ibid., pp. 1-2.
159. Die Welt (April 21, 1999); Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 26, 1999): 2.
160. Die Welt (April 21, 1999); Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 26, 1999): 2.
161. Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 26, 1999): 8, and (May 3, 1999): 2.
162. Ibid. (April 26, 1999): 1.
163. Regarding Lafontaine, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1; regarding Saxony-Anhalt, Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 29, 1999): 3; regarding Bavaria, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 17, 1999): 4; regarding the comparison of Schröder with Hitler, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1.
164. Regarding Lafontaine, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1; regarding Saxony-Anhalt, Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 29, 1999): 3; regarding Bavaria, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 17, 1999): 4; regarding the comparison of Schröder with Hitler, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1.
165. Regarding Lafontaine, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1; regarding Saxony-Anhalt, Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 29, 1999): 3; regarding Bavaria, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 17, 1999): 4; regarding the comparison of Schröder with Hitler, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1.
166. Regarding Lafontaine, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1; regarding Saxony-Anhalt, Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 29, 1999): 3; regarding Bavaria, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 17, 1999): 4; regarding the comparison of Schröder with Hitler, Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 3, 1999): 1.
167. Frankfurter Allgemeine (April 26, 1999): 5.
168. Ibid.
169. Ibid. (May 10, 1999): 5.
170. Wall Street Journal (May 14, 1999): A12; Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 14, 1999): 1-2.
171. Wall Street Journal (May 14, 1999): A12; Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 14, 1999): 1-2.
172. Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 18, 1999): 1; ibid. (June 5, 1999): 1.
173. Frankfurter Allgemeine (May 18, 1999): 1; ibid. (June 5, 1999): 1.
174. New York Times (May 20, 1999): A1, A14.
175. Frankfurter Allgemeine (June 12, 1999): 1.
176. Ibid. (June 16, 1999): 5.
177. Sabrina P. Ramet, "Evil and the Obsolescence of State Sovereignty," Human Rights Review 1, no. 2 (January 2000): 127-35.
178. See Crawford, "Explaining Defection." In this misleading article, Crawford characterizes Germany's recognition of Croatia as "unilateral" even though the act of recognition came only after extensive discussion and coordination with Britain, France, and other EU members, and a general agreement, in principle, to proceed with collective recognition of Slovenia and Croatia. In fact, the only unilateral aspect of German recognition was its timing; the decision to recognize had already been taken by the entire EU, collectively. The real "defector" was not Germany, but Greece, which, in the face of the Badinter Commission's recommendation that the Republic of Macedonia be accorded immediate EU recognition, unilaterally insisted, with all the diplomatic strength at its disposal, that the EU withhold such recognition until Macedonia met certain preconditions unilaterally dictated by Greece, to include a change in the republic's name and its submission to Athens for approval. The only (approximate) precedent in the twentieth century was the treatment meted out to the new Republic of Austria (originally to be called the Republic of German-Austria) at the end of World War I.
179. Conversi, "German Bashing," p. 16.
180. Ibid.