New specimens of elphidotarsius russelli (mammalia, ?primates, carpolestidae) and a revision of plesiadapoid relationships

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 132-152

  Silcox, Mary T ^a,e   Krause, David W ^b   Maas, Mary C ^c   Fox, Richard C ^d  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NORTHEAST OHIO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^e PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035531143     PISSN: 02724634     EISSN: 19372809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0132:NSOERM]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Barriel, V., and P. Tassy. 1999. Rooting with multiple outgroups: consensus versus parsimony. Cladistics 14:193-200.
2. Beard, K. C. 1993. Phylogenetic systematics of the Primatomorpha, with special reference to Dermoptera; pp. 129-150 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York.
3. Beard, K. C. 2000. A new species of Carpocristes (Mammalia: Primatomorpha) from the middle Tiffanian of the Bison Basin, Wyoming, with notes on carpolestid phylogeny. Annals of Carnegie Museum 69: 195-208.
4. Beard, K. C., and M. R. Dawson. 1999. Intercontinental dispersal of Holarctic land mammals near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary: paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and biostratigraphic implications. Bulletin of the Geological Society of France 170:697–706.
5. Beard, K. C., and J. Wang. 1995. The first Asian plesiadapoids (Mammalia, Primatomorpha). Annals of Carnegie Museum 64:1-33.
6. Biknevicius, A. R. 1986. Dental function and diet in the Carpolestidae (Primates, Plesiadapiformes). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 71:157-171.
7. Bloch, J. I., and D. C. Fisher. 1996. Phylogeny of the Carpolestidae (Mammalia, Proprimates): an application of stratocladistics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(3, suppl.):22-23A.
8. Bloch, J. I., and P. D. Gingerich. 1998. Carpolestes simpsoni, new species (Mammalia, Proprimates) from the late Paleocene of the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30:131-162.
9. Bloch, J. I., D. C. Fisher, K. D. Rose, and P. D. Gingerich. 2001. Stratocladistic analysis of Paleocene Carpolestidae (Mammalia, Plesiadapiformes) with description of a new late Tiffanian genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:118-130.
10. Bryant, H. N. 1997. Flypothetical ancestors and rooting in cladistic analysis. Cladistics 13:337-348.
11. Farris, J. S. 1990. Phenetics in camouflage. Cladistics 6:91-100.
12. Fox, R. C. 1984. A new species of the Paleocene primate ElphidotarsiusGidley: its stratigraphic position and evolutionary relationships. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21:1268-1277.
13. Fox, R. C. 1990a. The succession of Paleocene mammals in western Canada; pp. 51-70 in T. M. Bown and K. D. Rose (eds.), Dawn of the Age of Mammals in the Northern Part of the Rocky Mountains Interior, North America. Geological Society of America, Special Paper No. 243, Boulder, Colorado.
14. Fox, R. C. 1990b. Pronothodectes gaoi n. sp. from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the early evolution of the Plesiadapidae. Journal of Paleontology 64:637-647.
15. Fox, R. C. 1991. Systematic position of Pronothodectes gaoi Fox from the Paleocene of Alberta: reply. Journal of Paleontology 65:700-701.
16. Fox, R. C. 1993. The primitive dental formula of the Carpolestidae (Plesiadapiformes, Mammalia) and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:516-524.
17. Gazin, C. L. 1971. Paleocene primates from the Shotgun Member of the Fort Union Formation in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 84:13-38.
18. Gidley, J. W. 1923. Paleocene primates of the Fort Union, with discussion of relationships of Eocene primates. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum 63:1-38.
19. Gingerich, P. D. 1976. Cranial anatomy and evolution of Early Tertiary Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates). University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 15:1-141.
20. Gingerich, P. D. 1987. Early Eocene bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and other vertebrates in freshwater limestones of the Willwood Formation, Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27:275-320.
21. Gingerich, P. D. 1991. Systematic position of Pronothodectes gaoi Fox from the Paleocene of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 65:699.
22. Gunnell, G. F. 1989. Evolutionary history of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the relationship between Plesiadapiformes and Primates. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27: 1-157.
23. 1 Crazy Mountains Basin, Montana: road log and overview of recent investigations. Montana Geological Society, South Central Field Conference Guidebook:71-84.
24. Hauser, D. L. 1992. Similarity, falsification, and character state order— a reply to Wilkinson. Cladistics 8:339-344.
25. Hauser, D. L., and W. Presch. 1991. The effect of ordered characters on phylogenetic reconstruction. Cladistics 7:243-265.
26. Hennig, W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 263 pp.
27. Jepsen, G. L. 1940. Paleocene faunas of the Polecat Bench Formation, Park County, Wyoming Part 1. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 83:217-341.
28. Krause, D. W. 1978. Paleocene primates from western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 15:1250-1271.
29. Krause, D. W., and M. C. Maas. 1990. The biogeographic origins of late Paleocene-early Eocene mammalian immigrants to the Western Interior of North America; pp. 71-105 in T. M. Bown and K. D. Rose, (eds.), Dawn of the Age of Mammals in the Northern Part of the Rocky Mountains Interior, North America. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 243.
30. Lipscomb, D. L. 1992. Parsimony, homology, and the analysis of multistate characters. Cladistics 8:45-65.
31. MacDonald, T. E. 1996. Late Paleocene (Tiffanian) mammal-bearing localities in superposition, from near Drumheller, Alberta. Master’s thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 276 pp.
32. Maddison, W. P., and D. R. Maddison. 1992. MacClade 3, Program and Documentation. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
33. McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.
34. Nixon, K. C., and J. M. Carpenter. 1993. On outgroups. Cladistics 9: 413-426.
35. Rose, K. D. 1975. The Carpolestidae, early Tertiary primates from North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 147:1-74.
36. Rose, K. D. 1977. Evolution of carpolestid primates and chronology of the North American middle and late Paleocene. Journal of Paleontology 51:536-542.
37. Rose, K. D., K. C. Beard, and P. Houde. 1993. Exceptional new dentitions of the diminutive plesiadapiforms Tinimomys and Niptomomys (Mammalia), with comments on the upper incisors of Plesiadapiformes. Annals of Carnegie Museum 62:351-361.
38. Rose, K. D., and T. M. Bown. 1996. A new plesiadapiform (Mammalia: Plesiadapiformes) from the early Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Annals of Carnegie Museum 65:305-321.
39. Russell, L. S. 1929. Paleocene vertebrates from Alberta. American Journal of Science 12:230-234.
40. Silcox, M. T., and G. F. Gunnell. In press. Plesiadapiformes; in C. M. Janis, G. F. Gunnell, and M. D. Uhen (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Vol. 2: Marine Mammals and Smaller Terrestrial Mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
41. Simpson, G. G. 1935. The Tiffany Fauna, upper Paleocene. III. Primates, Carnivora, Condylarthra, and Amblypoda. American Museum Novitates 817:1-28.
42. Simpson, G. G. 1937. The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountains Field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum 169:1-287.
43. Slowinski, J. B. 1993. “Unordered” versus “ordered” characters. Systematic Biology 42:155-165.
44. Swofford, D. L. 2000. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) version 4.064, program. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
45. Szalay, F. S. 1969. Mixodectidae, Microsyopidae, and the insectivoreprimate transition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 140:195-329.
46. Szalay, F. S., and E. Delson. 1979. Evolutionary History of the Primates. Academic Press, New York, 580 pp.
47. Strong, E. E., and D. Lipscomb. 1999. Character coding and inapplicable data. Cladistics 15:363-371.
48. Van Valen, L. 1966. Deltatheridia, a new order of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 132:1-126.
49. Van Valen, L. 1994. The origin of the plesiadapid primates and the nature of Purgatorius. Evolutionary Monographs 15:1-79.
50. Wilkinson, M. 1992. Ordered versus unordered characters. Cladistics 8: 375-385.
51. Wilkinson, M. 1995. Coping with abundant missing entries in phylogenetic inference using parsimony. Systematic Biology 44:501-514.
52. Youzwyshyn, G. P. 1988. Late Paleocene mammals from near Cochrane, southwestern Alberta. Master’s thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 351 pp.