Canadian participation rates in ten sport and fitness activities

Journal of Sport Management

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 51-76

  Barber, Nancy ^a   Havitz, Mark E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035529099     PISSN: 08884773     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsm.15.1.51     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Aldana, S.G., & Stone, W.J. (1991). Changing physical activity preferences of American adults. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 62(4), 67-76.
2. Barber, N. (1998). Canadian participation rates in selected recreation activities. Unpublished honours thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
3. Berry, L.L. (1995). On great service: A framework for action. New York: The Free Press.
4. Chase, D.R., & Godbey, G.C. (1983). The accuracy of self reported participation rates. Leisure Studies, 2, 231-235.
5. Chatelaine Research. (1990). Time out: The 1990 consumer study on leisure. Toronto, ON: Maclean Hunter Ltd.
6. Coakley, J.J. (1998). Sports in society: Issues and controversies (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Floyd, M.F. (1998). Getting beyond marginality and ethnicity: The challenge for race and ethnic studies in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 3-22.
8. Foot, D.K. (1990). The age of outdoor recreation in Canada. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 15, 159-176.
9. Foot, D.K. (1996). Boom, bust and echo, Toronto, ON: MacFarlane Walter & Ross.
10. Frederick, J., & Shaw, S.M. (1995). Body image as a leisure constraint: Examining the experience of aerobic exercise classes for young women. Leisure Sciences, 17, 57-73.
11. Gahwiler, P., & Havitz, M.E. (1998). Toward a relational understanding of leisure social worlds, involvement, psychological commitment, and behavioral loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 20, 1-23.
12. Glover, T.D. (1999). Propositions addressing the privatization of public leisure services: Implications for efficiency, effectiveness, and equity. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 17(2), 1-27.
13. Hall, A., Slack, T., Smith, G., & Whitson, D. (1991). Sport in Canadian society. Toronto, ON: McClelland & Stewart.
14. Hamman, R. (1997, September/October). Women and exercise. Maturity, pp. 20-21.
15. Havitz, M.E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 122-149.
16. Havitz, M.E., Green, T.R., & McCarville, R.E. (1993). Testing the contextual stability of three involvement scales. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 18, 181-195.
17. Health Canada. (1999). Canada's physical activity guide to healthy active living [On-line]. Available: http://www.paguide.com/english/main.html
18. Hollander, E.P. (1971). Principles and methods of social psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
19. Howard, D.R. (1992). Participation rates in selected sport and fitness activities. Journal of Sport Management, 6, 191-205.
20. Iso-Ahola, S.E. (1980). The social psychology of leisure and recreation. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.
21. Iso-Ahola, S.E., Jackson, E.L., & Dunn, E. (1994). Starting, ceasing, and replacing leisure activities over the life span. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 227-249.
22. Jackson, E.L. (1990). Trends in leisure preferences: Alternative constraints-related explanations. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 15, 129-145.
23. Jackson, E.L. (1994). Activity specific constraints on leisure participation. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12(2), 33-49.
24. Jackson, E.L., & Henderson, K.A. (1995). Gender based analysis of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 31-51.
25. Jacobson, S., & Samdahl, D.M. (1998). Leisure in the lives of old lesbians: Experiences with and responses to discrimination. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 233-255.
26. Johnson Tew, C.P., Havitz, M.E., & McCarville, R.E. (1999). Origins of municipal programming decisions: A challenge to conventional wisdom. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 17(1), 1-20.
27. Messner, M.A., & Sabo, D.F. (1994). Sex, violence and power in sports. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
28. Print Measurement Bureau. (1992). What is PMB? (4th Ed.). Toronto, ON: Print Measurement Bureau.
29. Print Measurement Bureau. (1996). What is PMB? (4th Ed.). Toronto, ON: Print Measurement Bureau.
30. Ragheb, M. (1980). Interrelationships between leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitudes. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 138-149.
31. Robinson, J.P., & Godbey, G.C. (1993). Sport, fitness, and the gender gap. Leisure Sciences, 15, 291-307.
32. Robinson, J.P., & Godbey, G.C. (1997). Time for life: The surprising ways Americans use their time. State College, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
33. Schiffman, L.G., & Kanuk, L.L. (1997). Consumer behavior (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
34. Searle, M.S., & Brayley, R.E. (1993). Leisure services in Canada: An introduction. State College, PA: Venture.
35. Simmons Market Research Bureau. (1992). Study of media and markets: Simmons technical guide. New York: Simmons Market Research Bureau.
36. Statistics Canada. (1992). Basic facts on families in Canada, past and present. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada, Housing, Family, and Social Statistics Division.
37. Sudman, S., & Bradburn, N.M. (1974). Response effects in surveys. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.
38. Wicks, B.E., & Crompton, J.L. (1987). An analysis of the relationship between equity choice preferences, service type and decision making groups in a U.S. city. Journal of Leisure Research, 19, 189-204.
39. Wiley, C.G.A.E., Shaw, S.M., & Havitz, M.E. (2000). Men's and women's involvement in sports: An examination of the gendered aspects of leisure involvement. Leisure Sciences, 22, 19-31.
40. Zuzanek, J. (1996). Canada. In G. Cushman, A.J. Veal, & J. Zuzanek (Eds.), World leisure participation: Free time in the global village. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
41. Zuzanek, J., & Smale, B.J.A. (1994). The relationship between leisure participation and life-cycle from a cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective. In A. Watson & V.J. Freysinger (Eds.), Abstracts from the 1994 Symposium on Leisure Research (p. 70). Arlington, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.