메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 435-466

Mobilizing law in urban areas: The social structure of homicide clearance rates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0035527878     PISSN: 00239216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3185409     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (96)
  • 2
    • 0042405858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race discrimination and the death penalty: An empirical and legal overview
    • J. R. Acker, R. M. Bohm, C. S. Lanier, eds. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press
    • Baldus, David C., & George G. Woodworth (1998) "Race Discrimination and the Death Penalty: An Empirical and Legal Overview," in America's Experiment with Capital Punishment, J. R. Acker, R. M. Bohm, C. S. Lanier, eds. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
    • (1998) America's Experiment with Capital Punishment
    • Baldus, D.C.1    Woodworth, G.G.2
  • 7
    • 85050648397 scopus 로고
    • Production of crime rates
    • Black, Donald (1970) "Production of Crime Rates," 35 American Sociological Rev. 733-48.
    • (1970) American Sociological Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 733-748
    • Black, D.1
  • 8
    • 0003994317 scopus 로고
    • Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • -(1976) The Behavior of Law. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
    • (1976) The Behavior of Law
  • 11
    • 84985425882 scopus 로고
    • The epistemology of pure sociology
    • -(1995) "The Epistemology of Pure Sociology," 20 Law & Social Inquiry 829-70.
    • (1995) Law & Social Inquiry , vol.20 , pp. 829-870
  • 12
    • 36148955022 scopus 로고
    • The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime
    • Blau, Judith, & Peter M. Blau (1982) "The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime," 47 American Sociological Rev. 114-29.
    • (1982) American Sociological Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 114-129
    • Blau, J.1    Blau, P.M.2
  • 14
    • 0040041753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of vicarious homicide victimization on support for capital punishment: A test of Black's theory of law
    • Borg, Marian J. (1998) "The Effect of Vicarious Homicide Victimization on Support for Capital Punishment: A Test of Black's Theory of Law," 36 Criminology 537-68.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 537-568
    • Borg, M.J.1
  • 15
    • 0007324460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using violence as social control: Applying a theory of conflict management to juvenile disputes
    • -(1999) "Using Violence as Social Control: Applying a Theory of Conflict Management to Juvenile Disputes," 10 Univ. of Florida J. of Law & Public Policy 313-39.
    • (1999) Univ. of Florida J. of Law & Public Policy , vol.10 , pp. 313-339
  • 16
    • 84925923579 scopus 로고
    • Empirical verification and Black's The Behavior of Law
    • Braithwaite, John, & David Biles (1980) "Empirical Verification and Black's The Behavior of Law," 45 American Sociological Rev. 334-38.
    • (1980) American Sociological Rev. , vol.45 , pp. 334-338
    • Braithwaite, J.1    Biles, D.2
  • 17
    • 84925911864 scopus 로고
    • Arrest rates and crime rates: When does a tipping effect occur?
    • Brown, Don W. (1978) "Arrest Rates and Crime Rates: When Does a Tipping Effect Occur?" 57 Social Forces 671-82.
    • (1978) Social Forces , vol.57 , pp. 671-682
    • Brown, D.W.1
  • 18
    • 0023775942 scopus 로고
    • Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects
    • Bursik, Robert J. (1988) "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Problems and Prospects," 26 Criminology 519-51.
    • (1988) Criminology , vol.26 , pp. 519-551
    • Bursik, R.J.1
  • 20
    • 0002259135 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of organizational effectiveness
    • P. S. Goodman & J. M. Pennings, eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
    • Campbell, J. P. (1977) "On the Nature of Organizational Effectiveness," in New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness, P. S. Goodman & J. M. Pennings, eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1977) New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness
    • Campbell, J.P.1
  • 22
    • 84996239977 scopus 로고
    • A macro social analysis of the change in robbery and homicide rates: Controlling for static and dynamic effects
    • Chamlin, Mitchell B. (1989) "A macro Social Analysis of the Change in Robbery and Homicide Rates: Controlling for Static and Dynamic Effects," 22 Sociological Focus 275-86.
    • (1989) Sociological Focus , vol.22 , pp. 275-286
    • Chamlin, M.B.1
  • 24
    • 0007251231 scopus 로고
    • The clearance rate as a measure of criminal justice effectiveness
    • Cook, Philip J. (1979) "The Clearance Rate as a Measure of Criminal Justice Effectiveness," 11 J. of Public Economics 135-42.
    • (1979) J. of Public Economics , vol.11 , pp. 135-142
    • Cook, P.J.1
  • 25
    • 84937311636 scopus 로고
    • Evidence as partisanship
    • Cooney, Mark (1994) "Evidence as Partisanship," 28 Law & Society Rev. 833-58.
    • (1994) Law & Society Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 833-858
    • Cooney, M.1
  • 26
    • 0041048783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline of elite homicide
    • -(1997) "The Decline of Elite Homicide," 35 Criminology 381-407.
    • (1997) Criminology , vol.35 , pp. 381-407
  • 29
    • 84928837162 scopus 로고
    • Mobilizing law in response to collective problems: A test of Black's theory of law
    • Doyle, Daniel P., & David F. Luckenbill (1991) "Mobilizing Law in Response to Collective Problems: A Test of Black's Theory of Law," 25 Law & Society Rev. 103-15.
    • (1991) Law & Society Rev. , vol.25 , pp. 103-115
    • Doyle, D.P.1    Luckenbill, D.F.2
  • 30
    • 0003441940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (1997) Crime in the United States, 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1997) Crime in the United States, 1996
  • 32
    • 0000659077 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of multicollinear data in criminology
    • J. A. Fox, ed. New York: Academic Press
    • Fisher, J. C., & R. L. Mason (1981) "The Analysis of Multicollinear Data in Criminology," in Methods in Quantitative Criminology, J. A. Fox, ed. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1981) Methods in Quantitative Criminology
    • Fisher, J.C.1    Mason, R.L.2
  • 33
    • 0004071866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Computer file). ICPSR 6754. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor)
    • Fox, James Alan (1996) "Uniform Crime Reports [United States]: Supplementary Homicide Reports, 1976-1994." (Computer file). ICPSR 6754. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor).
    • (1996) Uniform Crime Reports [United States]: Supplementary Homicide Reports, 1976-1994
    • Fox, J.A.1
  • 34
    • 84965572515 scopus 로고
    • The structure and operations of neighborhood watch programs in the United States
    • Garofalo, James, & Maureen McLeod (1989) "The Structure and Operations of Neighborhood Watch Programs in the United States," 35 Crime & Delinquency 326-44.
    • (1989) Crime & Delinquency , vol.35 , pp. 326-344
    • Garofalo, J.1    McLeod, M.2
  • 35
    • 85048940827 scopus 로고
    • Issues in multiple regression
    • Gordon, R. A. (1967) "Issues in Multiple Regression," 78 American J. of Sociology 592-616.
    • (1967) American J. of Sociology , vol.78 , pp. 592-616
    • Gordon, R.A.1
  • 37
    • 84925981579 scopus 로고
    • Donald Black's sociology of law: A critique
    • Greenberg, David F. (1983) "Donald Black's Sociology of Law: A Critique," 17 Law & Society Rev. 337-67.
    • (1983) Law & Society Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 337-367
    • Greenberg, D.F.1
  • 38
    • 84925977369 scopus 로고
    • The effect of arrests on crime: A multivariate panel analyses
    • Greenberg, David F., & Ronald C. Kessler (1982) "The Effect of Arrests on Crime: A Multivariate Panel Analyses," 60 Social Forces 771-90.
    • (1982) Social Forces , vol.60 , pp. 771-790
    • Greenberg, D.F.1    Kessler, R.C.2
  • 40
    • 84936824031 scopus 로고
    • The seriousness of acts and social contexts: A test of Black's theory of the Behavior of Law
    • Hembroff, Larry A. (1987) "The Seriousness of Acts and Social Contexts: A Test of Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law," 93 American J. of Sociology 322.
    • (1987) American J. of Sociology , vol.93 , pp. 322
    • Hembroff, L.A.1
  • 42
    • 0030504293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a political model of incarceration: A time-series examination of multiple explanations for prison admission rates
    • Jacobs, David, & Ronald E. Helms (1996) "Toward a Political Model of Incarceration: A Time-Series Examination of Multiple Explanations for Prison Admission Rates," 102 American J. of Sociology 323-58.
    • (1996) American J. of Sociology , vol.102 , pp. 323-358
    • Jacobs, D.1    Helms, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 0030316814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extremely disadvantaged neighborhoods and urban crime
    • Krivo, Lauren J., & Ruth D. Peterson (1996) "Extremely Disadvantaged Neighborhoods and Urban Crime," 75 Social Forces 619-50.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.75 , pp. 619-650
    • Krivo, L.J.1    Peterson, R.D.2
  • 45
    • 84925923247 scopus 로고
    • Social status and sentences of female offenders
    • Kruttschnitt, Candace (1980-81) "Social Status and Sentences of Female Offenders," 2 Law & Society Rev. 247-65.
    • (1980) Law & Society Rev. , vol.2 , pp. 247-265
    • Kruttschnitt, C.1
  • 47
    • 84984306789 scopus 로고
    • Race and crime in post-war America: Determinants of African-American and white rates, 1957-1988
    • LaFree, Gary D., Kriss A. Drass & Patrick O'Day (1992) "Race and Crime in Post-War America: Determinants of African-American and White Rates, 1957-1988," 30 Criminology 157-88.
    • (1992) Criminology , vol.30 , pp. 157-188
    • LaFree, G.D.1    Drass, K.A.2    O'Day, P.3
  • 48
    • 84936823497 scopus 로고
    • Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any invariances across time and social space?
    • Land, Kenneth C., Patricia L. McCall & Larry E. Cohen (1990) "Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?" 95 American J. of Sociology 922-63.
    • (1990) American J. of Sociology , vol.95 , pp. 922-963
    • Land, K.C.1    McCall, P.L.2    Cohen, L.E.3
  • 49
    • 84962994584 scopus 로고
    • Does law behave? A macrolevel test of Black's propositions on change in law
    • Lessan, Gloria T., & Joseph F. Sheley (1992) "Does Law Behave? A Macrolevel Test of Black's Propositions on Change in Law," 70 Social Forces 655-78.
    • (1992) Social Forces , vol.70 , pp. 655-678
    • Lessan, G.T.1    Sheley, J.F.2
  • 50
    • 0016119260 scopus 로고
    • Regional culture and homicide: An examination of the Gastil-Hackney thesis
    • Loftin, Colin, & Robert H. Hill (1974) "Regional Culture and Homicide: An Examination of the Gastil-Hackney Thesis," 39 American Sociological Rev. 714-24.
    • (1974) American Sociological Rev. , vol.39 , pp. 714-724
    • Loftin, C.1    Hill, R.H.2
  • 52
    • 0024156850 scopus 로고
    • Suburbanization and segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas
    • Massey, Douglas, & Nancy A. Denton (1988) "Suburbanization and Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas," 94 American J. of Sociology 592-626.
    • (1988) American J. of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 592-626
    • Massey, D.1    Denton, N.A.2
  • 54
    • 84935428440 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of inequality: Minorities and the concentration of poverty, 1970-1980
    • Massey, Douglas, & Mitchell L. Eggers (1990) "The Ecology of Inequality: Minorities and the Concentration of Poverty, 1970-1980," 95 American J. of Sociology 1153-88.
    • (1990) American J. of Sociology , vol.95 , pp. 1153-1188
    • Massey, D.1    Eggers, M.L.2
  • 55
    • 84935155938 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of repressive social control in post-reconstruction Georgia, 1882-1935
    • Massey, James L., & Martha A. Myers (1989) "Patterns of Repressive Social Control in Post-Reconstruction Georgia, 1882-1935," 68 Social Forces 458-88.
    • (1989) Social Forces , vol.68 , pp. 458-488
    • Massey, J.L.1    Myers, M.A.2
  • 57
    • 85010608422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of community characteristics on police performance in a deeply divided society: The case of Israel
    • Mesch, Gustavo S., & Ilan Talmud (1998) "The Influence of Community Characteristics on Police Performance in a Deeply Divided Society: The Case of Israel," 31 Sociological Focus 233-48.
    • (1998) Sociological Focus , vol.31 , pp. 233-248
    • Mesch, G.S.1    Talmud, I.2
  • 58
    • 0019947391 scopus 로고
    • Poverty, inequality, and the urban homicide rate
    • Messner, Steven F. (1982) "Poverty, Inequality, and the Urban Homicide Rate," 20 Criminology 103-14.
    • (1982) Criminology , vol.20 , pp. 103-114
    • Messner, S.F.1
  • 59
    • 84925982407 scopus 로고
    • Regional and racial effects on the urban homicide rate: The subculture of violence revisited
    • -(1983) "Regional and Racial Effects on the Urban Homicide Rate: The Subculture of Violence Revisited," 88 American J. of Sociology 997-1007.
    • (1983) American J. of Sociology , vol.88 , pp. 997-1007
  • 60
    • 84984320482 scopus 로고
    • Racial inequality and racially disaggregated homicide rates: An assessment of alternative theoretical explanations
    • Messner, Steven F., & Reid M. Golden (1992) "Racial Inequality and Racially Disaggregated Homicide Rates: An Assessment of Alternative Theoretical Explanations," 30 Criminology 421-47.
    • (1992) Criminology , vol.30 , pp. 421-447
    • Messner, S.F.1    Golden, R.M.2
  • 61
    • 84959823386 scopus 로고
    • The sex ratio, family disruption, and rates of violent crime: The paradox of demographic structure
    • Messner, Steven F., & Robert J. Sampson (1991) "The Sex Ratio, Family Disruption, and Rates of Violent Crime: The Paradox of Demographic Structure," 69 Social Forces 693-714.
    • (1991) Social Forces , vol.69 , pp. 693-714
    • Messner, S.F.1    Sampson, R.J.2
  • 62
    • 0002836843 scopus 로고
    • Measuring performance in economic organizations
    • N. Smelser & R. Swedberg, eds. New York: Princeton Univ. Press & Russell Sage Foundation
    • Meyer, Marshall (1994) "Measuring Performance in Economic Organizations," in Handbook of Economic Sociology, N. Smelser & R. Swedberg, eds. New York: Princeton Univ. Press & Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1994) Handbook of Economic Sociology
    • Meyer, M.1
  • 63
    • 0025021061 scopus 로고
    • Punishment and social structure at the state level: A cross-sectional comparison of 1970 and 1980
    • Michalowski, Raymond, & Michael Pearson (1990) "Punishment and Social Structure at the State Level: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of 1970 and 1980," 27 J. of Research in Crime & Delinquency 52-78.
    • (1990) J. of Research in Crime & Delinquency , vol.27 , pp. 52-78
    • Michalowski, R.1    Pearson, M.2
  • 65
    • 84925921299 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the behavior of law: A test of two models
    • Myers, Martha A. (1980) "Predicting the Behavior of Law: A Test of Two Models," 14 Law & Society Rev. 835-57.
    • (1980) Law & Society Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 835-857
    • Myers, M.A.1
  • 66
    • 84936823561 scopus 로고
    • The interracial nature of violent crime: A reexamination
    • O'Brien, Robert M. (1987) "The Interracial Nature of Violent Crime: A Reexamination," 92 American J. of Sociology 817-35.
    • (1987) American J. of Sociology , vol.92 , pp. 817-835
    • O'Brien, R.M.1
  • 67
    • 0002937576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding another piece to the inequality-homicide puzzle: The impact of structural inequality on racially disaggregated homicide rates
    • Parker, Karen F., & Patricia L. McCall (1997) "Adding Another Piece to the Inequality-Homicide Puzzle: The Impact of Structural Inequality on Racially Disaggregated Homicide Rates," 1 Homicide Studies: An Interdisciplinary & International J. 35-60.
    • (1997) Homicide Studies: An Interdisciplinary & International J. , vol.1 , pp. 35-60
    • Parker, K.F.1    McCall, P.L.2
  • 68
    • 0039374814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural conditions and racial homicide patterns: A look at the multiple disadvantages in urban areas
    • -(1999) "Structural Conditions and Racial Homicide Patterns: A Look at the Multiple Disadvantages in Urban Areas," 37 Criminology 447-73.
    • (1999) Criminology , vol.37 , pp. 447-473
  • 69
    • 0000203329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining social structural predictors of homicide: Unit of analysis and other methodological concerns
    • M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication
    • Parker, Karen F., Patricia L. McCall & Kenneth C. Land (1999) "Determining Social Structural Predictors of Homicide: Unit of Analysis and Other Methodological Concerns," in Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research, M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
    • (1999) Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research
    • Parker, K.F.1    McCall, P.L.2    Land, K.C.3
  • 70
    • 0027743090 scopus 로고
    • Racial segregation and black urban homicide
    • Peterson, Ruth D., & Lauren J. Krivo (1993) "Racial Segregation and Black Urban Homicide," 71 Social Forces 1001-26.
    • (1993) Social Forces , vol.71 , pp. 1001-1026
    • Peterson, R.D.1    Krivo, L.J.2
  • 71
    • 0007302198 scopus 로고
    • An economic analysis of the deterrent effect of law enforcement on criminal activity
    • Phillips, L., & H. L. Votey, Jr. (1972) "An Economic Analysis of the Deterrent Effect of Law Enforcement on Criminal Activity," 63 J. of Criminal Law, Criminology & Political Science 330-42.
    • (1972) J. of Criminal Law, Criminology & Political Science , vol.63 , pp. 330-342
    • Phillips, L.1    Votey H.L., Jr.2
  • 72
    • 0007256506 scopus 로고
    • Effect of police expenditures on crime rate: Some evidence
    • Pogue, T. F. (1975) "Effect of Police Expenditures on Crime Rate: Some Evidence," 3 Public Finance Quart. 14-44.
    • (1975) Public Finance Quart. , vol.3 , pp. 14-44
    • Pogue, T.F.1
  • 73
    • 0007178793 scopus 로고
    • Choosing those who will die: Race and the death penalty in Florida
    • Radelet, Michael L., & Glenn L. Pierce (1991) "Choosing Those Who Will Die: Race and the Death Penalty in Florida," 43 Florida Law Rev. 1-34.
    • (1991) Florida Law Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 1-34
    • Radelet, M.L.1    Pierce, G.L.2
  • 74
    • 0013486797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incarceration, social capital, and crime: Implications for social disorganization theory
    • Rose, Dina R., & Todd R. Clear (1998) "Incarceration, Social Capital, and Crime: Implications for Social Disorganization Theory," 36 Criminology 441-79.
    • (1998) Criminology , vol.36 , pp. 441-479
    • Rose, D.R.1    Clear, T.R.2
  • 75
    • 0002463416 scopus 로고
    • Crime in cities: The effects of formal and informal social control
    • A. J. Reiss, Jr. & M. Tonry. eds. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press
    • Sampson, Robert J. (1986) "Crime in Cities: The Effects of Formal and Informal Social Control," in Communities and Crime, A. J. Reiss, Jr. & M. Tonry. eds. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
    • (1986) Communities and Crime
    • Sampson, R.J.1
  • 76
    • 84936824191 scopus 로고
    • Urban black violence: The effect of male joblessness and family disruption
    • -(1987) "Urban Black Violence: The Effect of Male Joblessness and Family Disruption," 93 American J. of Sociology 348-82.
    • (1987) American J. of Sociology , vol.93 , pp. 348-382
  • 77
    • 84936089189 scopus 로고
    • Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory
    • Sampson, Robert J., & W. Byron Groves (1989) "Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social Disorganization Theory," 94 American J. of Sociology 774-802.
    • (1989) American J. of Sociology , vol.94 , pp. 774-802
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Groves, W.B.2
  • 78
    • 0033382090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial dynamics of collective efficacy for children
    • Sampson, Robert J., Jeffrey D. Morenoff & Felton Earls (1999) "Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children," 64 American Sociological Rev. 633-60.
    • (1999) American Sociological Rev. , vol.64 , pp. 633-660
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Morenoff, J.D.2    Earls, F.3
  • 79
    • 2442499242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multi-level study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush and Felton Earls (1997) "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multi-Level Study of Collective Efficacy," 227 Science 2-25.
    • (1997) Science , vol.227 , pp. 2-25
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 80
    • 0007173286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood collective efficacy - Does it help reduce violence?
    • Office of Justice Programs: National Institute of Justice. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC: GPO
    • -(1998) "Neighborhood Collective Efficacy - Does It Help Reduce Violence?" National Institute of Justice Research Preview. Office of Justice Programs: National Institute of Justice. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC: GPO.
    • (1998) National Institute of Justice Research Preview
  • 81
    • 0002387331 scopus 로고
    • Race, crime, and urban inequality
    • J. Hagan & R. D. Peterson, eds. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press
    • Sampson, Robert J., & William Julius Wilson (1995) "Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality," in Crime and Inequality, J. Hagan & R. D. Peterson, eds. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univ. Press.
    • (1995) Crime and Inequality
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Wilson, W.J.2
  • 82
    • 0007267102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective violence as social control
    • Senechal de la Roche, Roberta (1996) "Collective Violence as Social Control," 11 Sociological Forum 97-128.
    • (1996) Sociological Forum , vol.11 , pp. 97-128
    • Senechal De La Roche, R.1
  • 85
    • 0030432194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation and crime: The effect of black social isolation on the rates of black urban violence
    • Shihadeh, Edward S., & Nicole Flynn (1996) "Segregation and Crime: The Effect of Black Social Isolation on the Rates of Black Urban Violence," 74 Social Forces 1325-52.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.74 , pp. 1325-1352
    • Shihadeh, E.S.1    Flynn, N.2
  • 86
    • 0001566944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation and crime: The relationship between black centralization and urban black homicide
    • Shihadeh, Edward S., & Michael O. Maume (1997) "Segregation and Crime: The Relationship Between Black Centralization and Urban Black Homicide," 1 Homicide Studies: An Interdisciplinary & International J. 254-80.
    • (1997) Homicide Studies: An Interdisciplinary & International J. , vol.1 , pp. 254-280
    • Shihadeh, E.S.1    Maume, M.O.2
  • 87
    • 0028560637 scopus 로고
    • Economic inequality, family disruption, and urban black violence: Cities as units of stratification and social control
    • Shihadeh, Edward S., & Darrell J. Steffensmeier (1994) "Economic Inequality, Family Disruption, and Urban Black Violence: Cities as Units of Stratification and Social Control," 73 Social Forces 729-51.
    • (1994) Social Forces , vol.73 , pp. 729-751
    • Shihadeh, E.S.1    Steffensmeier, D.J.2
  • 89
    • 0003355393 scopus 로고
    • Property crime and economic behavior: Some empirical results
    • Sjoquist, D. L. (1973) "Property Crime and Economic Behavior: Some Empirical Results," 63 American Economic Rev. 439-46.
    • (1973) American Economic Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 439-446
    • Sjoquist, D.L.1
  • 90
    • 84959821952 scopus 로고
    • Police response to interpersonal violence: Defining the parameters of legal control
    • Smith, Douglas A. (1987) "Police Response to Interpersonal Violence: Defining the Parameters of Legal Control," 65 Social Forces 767-82.
    • (1987) Social Forces , vol.65 , pp. 767-782
    • Smith, D.A.1
  • 91
    • 84935661018 scopus 로고
    • The social organization of self-help: A study of defensive weapons ownership
    • Smith, Douglas A., & Craig D. Uchida (1988) "The Social Organization of Self-Help: A Study of Defensive Weapons Ownership," 53 American Sociological Rev. 94-102.
    • (1988) American Sociological Rev. , vol.53 , pp. 94-102
    • Smith, D.A.1    Uchida, C.D.2
  • 92
    • 0023151396 scopus 로고
    • Law and social control in juvenile justice dispositions
    • Staples, William G. (1987) "Law and Social Control in Juvenile Justice Dispositions," 24 J. of Research in Crime & Delinquency 7.
    • (1987) J. of Research in Crime & Delinquency , vol.24 , pp. 7
    • Staples, W.G.1
  • 93
    • 0007186613 scopus 로고
    • An econometric analysis of property crime: Interaction between police and criminals
    • Thaler, Richard (1977) "An Econometric Analysis of Property Crime: Interaction Between Police and Criminals," 8 J. of Public Economics 37-52.
    • (1977) J. of Public Economics , vol.8 , pp. 37-52
    • Thaler, R.1
  • 94
    • 84946313472 scopus 로고
    • Certainty of arrest on crime rates: A further test of the deterrence hypothesis
    • Tittle, Charles R., & Alan R. Rowe (1974) "Certainty of Arrest on Crime Rates: A Further Test of the Deterrence Hypothesis," 54 Social Forces 455-62.
    • (1974) Social Forces , vol.54 , pp. 455-462
    • Tittle, C.R.1    Rowe, A.R.2
  • 95
    • 84925911065 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the police on crime
    • Wilson, James Q., & Barbara Boland (1978) "The Effect of the Police on Crime." 12 Law & Society Rev. 367-90.
    • (1978) Law & Society Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 367-390
    • Wilson, J.Q.1    Boland, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.