Gender and computers: Similarities and differences in Iranian college students‘ attitudes toward computers

Computers and Education

Volumn 37, Issue 3-4, 2001, Pages 363-375

  Shashaani, Lily ^a   Khalili, Ashmad ^b  

^a DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SLIPPERY ROCK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attitudes; Computers; Gender; Iran; SES

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035500075     PISSN: 03601315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00059-8     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Educational foundation, gender gaps: where schools stills fail our children. 1999;Marlowe, New York.
2. Anderson R.E., Welch W.W., Harris L.J. Inequalities in opportunities for computer literacy. The Computing Teacher. 1996;10-12.
3. Badagliacco J.M. Gender and race differences in computing attitudes and experience. Social Science Computer Review. 8(1):1990;42-64.
4. Barak A., Feldman S., Noy A. Traditionality of children’s interests as related their parents‘ gender stereotypes and traditionality of occupations. Sex Roles. 24(7/8):1991.
5. Bunderson E., Christensen M. An analysis of problems for female students in university computer science programs. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 28(1):1995;1-18.
6. Busch T. Gender differences in self-efficacy and attitudes toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 12(2):1995;147-158.
7. Byrd D.M., Koohang A.A. A professional development questions: Is computer experience associated with subjects‘ attitudes toward the perceived usefulness of computers? Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 21:1989;401-410.
8. Cambel N.J. Computer anxiety of rural, middle, and secondary school students. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 5:1989;213-222.
9. Camp T. The incredible shrinking pipeline. Communication of the ACM. 40:1997;103.
10. Canada K., Brusca F. The technological gender gap: evidence and recommendations for educators and computer-based instruction design. Educational Technology Research & Development. 39(2):1991;43-51.
11. Collis B.A. Psychosocial implications of sex differences in attitudes toward computers: results of a survey. International Journal of Women’s Studies. 8(3):1985;207-213.
12. Collis B.A. Sex-related differences in attitudes toward computers: implications for counselors. The School Counselor. 33:1985;121-130.
13. Collis B.A., Kass U., Kieren T.E. National trends in computer use among Canadian secondary school students: implications for cross-cultural analyses. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 22(6):1989;77-89.
14. Collis B.A., Williams R.L. Differences in adolescents‘ attitudes toward computers and selected school subjects. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 8:1987;17-27.
15. Davies V., Camp T. Where have women gone and will they be returning. CPSR Newsletter. 18(1):2000.
16. Davies M., Kandel D. Parental, peer influences on adolescents‘ educational plans: some further evidence. American Journal of Sociology. 87(2):1981;363-383.
17. DeBare, I. (1996). High tech industry zipping along, but women are often left behind, Sacramento Bee (Online serial). Available: www.sacbee.com/news/projects/womenwcmain.html .
18. Eccles J.S., Adler T., Futterman R., Goff S.D., Kaczala C.M., Meece J.I., Midgley C. Expectations, values, and academic behaviors. Spence 3.T. Achievement and motivation. 1982;75-146 Freeman, New York.
19. Eccles J.S., Adler T., Kaczala C. Socialization of achievement attitudes beliefs: parental influences. Child Development. 53:1982;310-321.
20. Eccles J.S., Adler T., Meece 3.L. Sex differences in achievement: a test of alternate theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 46:1985;26-43.
21. Francis L.J. The relationship between computer related attitudes and gender stereotyping of computer use. Computers and Education. 22:1994;283-289.
22. Henwood F. Exceptional Women? Gender and technology in U.K. higher education. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. 18(7):1999;21.
23. Houser B.B., Garvey C. Factors that affect non-traditional vocational enrollment among women. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 9:1985;105-117.
24. Jacobs J.E. Influence of gender stereotypes on parent and child mathematics attitudes. Journal of Educational Psychology. 83(4):1991;518-527.
25. Jacobs J.E., Eccles J.S. Gender differences in math ability: the impact of media reports on parents. Educational Researcher. 14:1985;20-25.
26. Kiesler S., Sproull L., Eccles J.S. Pool halls, chips and war games: women in the culture of computing. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 9(4):1985;451-463.
27. Kersteen Z., Linn M.C., Clancy M., Hardyck C. Previous experience and the learning of computer programming: the computer helps those who help themselves. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 4(3):1988;321-333.
28. Koohang A.A. A study of attitudes toward computers: anxiety, confidence, liking, and perception of usefulness. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 22(2):1989;137-150.
29. Leung J.J. Aspiring parents‘ and teachers‘ academic beliefs about young children. Sex Roles. 23(1/2):1990;83-91.
30. Levin T., Gordon C. Effect of gender and computer experience on attitude toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 5:1989;68-69.
31. Majoribanks D Relationship of children’s status to their family environments and school-related outcomes. Journal of Social Psychology. 13(1):1990;83-91.
32. Makrakis V., Sawada T. Gender, computers and other school subjects among Japanese and Swedish students. Computers in Education. 26(4):1996;225-231.
33. Martin C.D., Heller R.S., Mahmoud E. American and Soviet children’s attitudes toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 8(2):1992;155-185.
34. Martini M.M., Greenberger E. Sex differences in educational aspirations and expectations. American Educational Research Journal. 15(1):1978;67-79.
35. Massoud S.L. Computer attitudes and computer knowledge of adult students. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 7:1991;269-291.
36. Mitra A. Categories of computer use and their relationships with attitudes toward computers. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 30(3):1998;281-294.
37. Miura, I. T. (1986). Understanding gender differences in middle school computer interest and use. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. (April), ERIC ED 273248.
38. Ogletree S.M., Williams S.W. Sex and sex-typing effects on computer attitudes and aptitude. Sex Roles. 23(11/12):1990;703-712.
39. Reinen I.J., Plomp T. Some gender issues in educational computer use: Results of international comparative survey. Computers in Education. 20:1993;353-365.
40. Reinen I.J., Plomp T. Information technology and gender equality: a contradiction in terminals. Computers in Education. 28(2):1997;65-78.
41. Rubin L. Words of pain: life in the working class family. 1976;Meredith Corporation, New York.
42. Serbin L., Zelkowitz P., Doyle A., Gold D., Wheaton B. The socialization of sex-differentiated skills and academic performance: A mediation model. Sex Roles. 23(11/12):1990;613-627.
43. Shashaani L. Gender-based differences in attitudes toward computers. Computers and Education. 20(2):1994;169-181.
44. Shashaani L. Gender differences in computer experience and its influence on computer attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 11(4):1994;347-367.
45. Shashaani L. Socioeconomic status, parents‘ sex-role stereotypes, and the gender gap in computing. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 26(4):1994;443-451.
46. Shashaani L. Gender differences in computer attitudes and use among college students. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 16(1):1997;37-51.
47. Sidel R. Women and children last: the plight of poor women in affluent New York. 1986;Viking.
48. Smith S.D. Relationships of computer attitudes to sex, grade-level, and teacher influence. Education. 106:1986;334-338.
49. Statistical Center of Iran, Statistical Year Book of Iran, General Census of Population and Housing (1996).
50. Statistical Center of Iran, Statistical Year Book of Iran (1999).
51. Wajcman 3. Feminism Confronts Technology. 1991;The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania.
52. Wilkinson L.C., Marrett C. Gender influences in classroom interaction. 1985;Academic Press, Hilsdate, New Jersey.
53. Workfile Report, (Fall, 1999). 12(i3), 12.
54. Yee D.K., Eccles J.S. Parent perceptions and attributions for children’s math achievement. Sex Roles. 19(5/6):1988;317-333.
55. Yeloushan A. Social barriers hindering successful entry of female into technology-oriented fields. Educational Technology. 29(11):1989;44-46.
56. Zhang Y., Espinoza S. Relationships among computer self-efficacy, attitudes toward computers, and desirability of learning computing skills. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 30(4):1998;420-438.