메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 403-434

A bit of progress in language modeling

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; APPROXIMATION THEORY; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; GRAPH THEORY; INTERPOLATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NEURAL NETWORKS; PROBABILITY; SEMANTICS; SPEECH RECOGNITION;

EID: 0035497388     PISSN: 08852308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/csla.2001.0174     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (295)

References (52)
  • 2
    • 0000274403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploiting latent semantic information in statistical language modeling
    • Bellegarda, J. R. (2000). Exploiting latent semantic information in statistical language modeling. Proceedings of the IEEE, 88, 1279-1296.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.88 , pp. 1279-1296
    • Bellegarda, J.R.1
  • 3
    • 0009577944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural probabilistic language model
    • Technical Report 1178, Département d'informatique et recherche opérationnelle, Université de Montréal
    • Bengio, Y., Ducharme, R. & Vincent, P. (2000). A neural probabilistic language model. Technical Report 1178, Département d'informatique et recherche opérationnelle, Université de Montréal.
    • (2000)
    • Bengio, Y.1    Ducharme, R.2    Vincent, P.3
  • 8
    • 4043065025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate-head parsing for language models
    • Charniak, E. (2001). Immediate-head parsing for language models. In ACL-01. pp. 116-123.
    • (2001) ACL-01 , pp. 116-123
    • Charniak, E.1
  • 11
    • 0033329799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling
    • (October)
    • Chen, S. F. & Goodman, J. (October 1999). An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. Computer Speech and Language, 13, 359-394.
    • (1999) Computer Speech and Language , vol.13 , pp. 359-394
    • Chen, S.F.1    Goodman, J.2
  • 12
    • 0003396042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling
    • Technical Report TR-10-98, Harvard University
    • Chen, S. F. & Goodman, J. T. An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. Technical Report TR-10-98, Harvard University, 1998. Available from http://www.research.microsoft.com/~joshuago.
    • (1998)
    • Chen, S.F.1    Goodman, J.T.2
  • 13
    • 0004014502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gaussian prior for smoothing maximum entropy models
    • Technical Report CMU-CS-99-108, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University
    • Chen, S. F. & Rosenfeld, R. (1999b). A gaussian prior for smoothing maximum entropy models. Technical Report CMU-CS-99-108, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University.
    • (1999)
    • Chen, S.F.1    Rosenfeld, R.2
  • 15
    • 0027029929 scopus 로고
    • Scatter/gather: A cluster-based approach to browsing large document collections
    • Cutting, D. R., Karger, D. R., Pedersen, J. R. & Tukey, J. W. (1992). Scatter/gather: A cluster-based approach to browsing large document collections. SIGIR 92, pp. 318-329.
    • (1992) SIGIR 92 , pp. 318-329
    • Cutting, D.R.1    Karger, D.R.2    Pedersen, J.R.3    Tukey, J.W.4
  • 17
    • 4243633676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lattice based language models
    • Technical Report CMU-CS-97-173, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
    • Dupont, P. & Rosenfeld, R. (1997). Lattice based language models. Technical Report CMU-CS-97-173, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
    • (1997)
    • Dupont, P.1    Rosenfeld, R.2
  • 18
    • 0000803388 scopus 로고
    • The population frequencies of species and the estimation of population parameters
    • Good, I. J. (1953). The population frequencies of species and the estimation of population parameters. Biometrika, 40, 237-264.
    • (1953) Biometrika , vol.40 , pp. 237-264
    • Good, I.J.1
  • 19
    • 0012356157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bit of progress in language modeling, extended version
    • Technical Report, Microsoft Research
    • Goodman, J. (2001a). A bit of progress in language modeling, extended version. Technical Report, Microsoft Research. Draft available from http://www.research.microsoft.com/~joshuago/longcombine/ps.
    • (2001)
    • Goodman, J.1
  • 23
    • 85168761643 scopus 로고
    • Combining syntactic knowledge and visual text recognition: A hidden Markov model for part of speech tagging in a word recognition algorithm
    • Hull, J. (1992). Combining syntactic knowledge and visual text recognition: A hidden Markov model for part of speech tagging in a word recognition algorithm. AAAI Symposium: Probabilistic Approaches to Natural Language, pp. 77-83.
    • (1992) AAAI Symposium: Probabilistic Approaches to Natural Language , pp. 77-83
    • Hull, J.1
  • 24
    • 0032785782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling long distance dependence in language: Topic mixtures versus dynamic cache models
    • Iyer, R. & Ostendorf, M. (1999). Modeling long distance dependence in language: Topic mixtures versus dynamic cache models. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Audio Processing, 7, 30-39.
    • (1999) IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Audio Processing , vol.7 , pp. 30-39
    • Iyer, R.1    Ostendorf, M.2
  • 25
    • 0040261516 scopus 로고
    • Language modeling with sentence-level mixtures
    • Iyer, R. & Ostendorf, M. & Robin, R. J. (1994). Language modeling with sentence-level mixtures. DARPA-HLT, pp. 82-86.
    • (1994) DARPA-HLT , pp. 82-86
    • Iyer, R.1    Ostendorf, M.2    Robin, R.J.3
  • 27
    • 0019114666 scopus 로고
    • Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data
    • North-Holland, Amsterdam. The Netherlands
    • Jelinek, F. & Mercer, R. L. (1980). Interpolated estimation of Markov source parameters from sparse data. Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice, pp. 381-397. North-Holland, Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
    • (1980) Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Practice , pp. 381-397
    • Jelinek, F.1    Mercer, R.L.2
  • 29
    • 0023312404 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the language model component of a speech recognizer
    • Katz, S. M. (1987). Estimation of probabilities from sparse data for the language model component of a speech recognizer. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ASSP-35, 400-401.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing , vol.ASSP-35 , pp. 400-401
    • Katz, S.M.1
  • 31
    • 85123963268 scopus 로고
    • Improved clustering techniques for class-based statistical language modeling
    • Kneser, R. & Ney, H. (1993). Improved clustering techniques for class-based statistical language modeling. Eurospeech 93, volume 2, pp. 973-976.
    • (1993) Eurospeech 93 , vol.2 , pp. 973-976
    • Kneser, R.1    Ney, H.2
  • 32
    • 0012259838 scopus 로고
    • Speech recognition and the frequency of recently used words: A modified Markov model for natural language
    • Kuhn, R. (1988). Speech recognition and the frequency of recently used words: A modified Markov model for natural language. 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 348-350.
    • (1988) 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Budapest, Hungary , pp. 348-350
    • Kuhn, R.1
  • 37
    • 0027929445 scopus 로고
    • On structuring probabilistic dependences in stochastic language modeling
    • Ney, H., Essen, U. & Kneser, R. (1994). On structuring probabilistic dependences in stochastic language modeling. Computer, Speech, and Language, 8, 1-38.
    • (1994) Computer, Speech, and Language , vol.8 , pp. 1-38
    • Ney, H.1    Essen, U.2    Kneser, R.3
  • 41
    • 0003904645 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive statistical language modeling: A maximum entropy approach
    • PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University
    • Rosenfeld, R. (1994). Adaptive statistical language modeling: a maximum entropy approach. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University.
    • (1994)
    • Rosenfeld, R.1
  • 42
    • 33646907991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two decades of statistical language modeling: Where do we go from here?
    • Rosenfeld, R. (2000). Two decades of statistical language modeling: Where do we go from here? Proceedings of the IEEE, 88, 1270-1278.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.88 , pp. 1270-1278
    • Rosenfeld, R.1
  • 43
    • 0035059194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-sentence exponential language models: A vehicle for linguistic-statistical integration
    • to appear
    • Rosenfeld, R., Chen, S. F. & Zhu, X. (2001). Whole-sentence exponential language models: a vehicle for linguistic-statistical integration. Computer Speech and Language, to appear.
    • (2001) Computer Speech and Language
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Chen, S.F.2    Zhu, X.3
  • 45
    • 0033873049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable n-grams and extensions for conversational speech language modeling
    • Siu, M. & Ostendorf, M. (2000). Variable n-grams and extensions for conversational speech language modeling. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 8, 63-75.
    • (2000) IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing , vol.8 , pp. 63-75
    • Siu, M.1    Ostendorf, M.2
  • 47
    • 0012327349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specification of the 1995 ARPA hub 3 evaluation: Unlimited vocabulary NAB news baseline
    • Stern, R. M. (1996). Specification of the 1995 ARPA hub 3 evaluation: Unlimited vocabulary NAB news baseline. Proceedings of the DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop, pp. 5-7.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop , pp. 5-7
    • Stern, R.M.1
  • 49
    • 84892157206 scopus 로고
    • More efficient clustering of n-grams for statistical language modeling
    • Ueberla, J. P. (1995). More efficient clustering of n-grams for statistical language modeling. Eurospeech-95, pp. 1257-1260.
    • (1995) Eurospeech-95 , pp. 1257-1260
    • Ueberla, J.P.1
  • 50
    • 0003148836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hub4 language modeling using domain interpolation and data clustering
    • Weng, F., Stolcke, A. & Sankar, A. (1997). Hub4 language modeling using domain interpolation and data clustering. 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop, pp. 147-151.
    • (1997) 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop , pp. 147-151
    • Weng, F.1    Stolcke, A.2    Sankar, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.