Campaign finance: Elections under new rules

Parliamentary Affairs

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 689-700

  Fisher, Justin ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0035486140     PISSN: 00312290     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/parlij/54.4.689     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. J. Fisher, 'Regulating Politics: The Committee on Standards in Public Life' in J. Fisher, D. Denver and J. Benyon (eds), Central Debates in British Politics, Harlow: Pearson, 2001.
2. It appears from the graphs that Labour income and expenditure outstripped that of the Conservatives in 1992 and 1997. The reason is that the Conservative financial year runs to the end of March whereas Labour's (and the Liberal Democrats') runs to the end of December. For comparison, therefore, Conservative income and expenditure is classified as being in the year in which the financial year is largely concerned. For example, the FY1996/97 is classified as being 1996, since nine months fell in that year. Thus, much of the income and expenditure of the Conservatives in the run-up to the 1997 election is classified as having taken place in FY1996 and likewise, most of the 1992 income and expenditure is classified as having taken place in FY1991.
3. J. Fisher, 'Economic Performance or Electoral Necessity? Evaluating the System of Voluntary Income to Political Parties', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2, 1999, pp. 186-7.
4. The Committee on Standards in Public Life, The Funding of Political Parties in the United Kingdom, London: TSO, 1998, Cm 4057.
5. The only exception to the recommendations not accepted was the rejection of tax relief on donations of up to £500.
6. http://www.electoralcommission.gov.uk/index.htm.
7. Donations are only allowed from individuals entitled to be registered as UK voters; companies incorporated in the United Kingdom: partnerships based in the United Kingdom or who operate principally in the United Kingdom; registered trade unions and other organisations based in the United Kingdom or those parts of organisations whose principal spheres of operation are based in the United Kingdom.
8. See J. Fisher, 'The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000', Representation, 38, 2001, p. 15.
9. Two were from existing Labour supporters, Science Minister, Lord Samsbury and publisher, Paul Hamlyn. The third, however, was from Christopher Ondaatje, a former supporter of the Conservatives.
10. From Stuart Wheeler, chair of a spread betting company.
11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/newsid_1295000/1295679.stm 25/04/01.
12. The PPER Act distinguishes between donations made by individuals and those made by collective entities, such as companies and trade unions.
13. J. Fisher, 'Donations to Political Parties', Parliamentary Affairs, April 1997.
14. J. Fisher, 'Donations to Political Parties', Parliamentary Affairs, April 1997.
15. M. Pinto Duschinsky, 'Financing the British General Election of 1987' in I. Crewe and M. Harrop (eds), Political Communications: The General Election Campaign of 1987, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 16.
16. Viral marketing is the electronic equivalent of word-of-mouth marketing. It refers to the distribution from one source to many in the form of, for example, forwarding jokes to friends via email.
17. R. Johnston and C. Pattie, 'The Impact of Spending on Party Constituency Campaigns in Recent British General Election', Party Politics, 1, 1995; J. Fisher, 'Party Expenditure and Electoral Prospects: A National Level Analysis of Britain', Electoral Studies, 18, 1999.
18. R. Johnston and C. Pattie, 'The Impact of Spending on Party Constituency Campaigns in Recent British General Election', Party Politics, 1, 1995; J. Fisher, 'Party Expenditure and Electoral Prospects: A National Level Analysis of Britain', Electoral Studies, 18, 1999.
19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/newsid_1256000/1256749.stm 02/04/01.
20. These findings are derived from early returns from Denver, Hands and Fisher's analysis of constituency campaigning at the 2001 general election.