Total regional and global number of synapses in the human brain neocortex

Synapse

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 258-273

  Tang, Yong ^a,c   Nyengaard, Jens R ^a   De Groot, Didima M G ^b   Gundersen, Hans Jørgen G ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b Kommunehospitalet ^*  (Denmark)

^c TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Human brain; Neocortex; Number; Stereology; Synapse

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HEMISPHERE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; NEOCORTEX; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEREOLOGY; SYNAPSE; TISSUE FIXATION;

ADULT; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CELL COUNT; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DOGS; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; NEOCORTEX; NEURONS; POSTMORTEM CHANGES; SWINE; SYNAPSES;

EID: 0035452433     PISSN: 08874476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/syn.1083     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Plasticity of the synaptic contact zone following loss of synapses in the cerebral cortex of aging humans
2. Unbiased estimation of particle number using sections - An historical perspective with special reference to the stereology of glomeruli
3. Quantitative investigation of the morphological plasticity of synaptic junctions in rat dentate gyrus during aging
4. Enlargement of synaptic size as a compensative reaction in aging and dementia
5. Fine structural and cytochemical analysis of the staining of synaptic junctions with phosphotungstic acid
6. A case of unilateral aplasia of the kidney in a rabbit
7. The impact of recent stereological advances on quantitative studies of the nervous system
8. The total number of neurones in the human neocortex unbiasedly estimated using optical disectors
9. Determination of the numerical density of perforated synapses in rat neocortex
10. On numerical estimates from histological material: The question of calibration
11. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the neuronal and synaptic content of the frontal and temporal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease
12. Disc-like and complex-shaped synapses: Number, size and dense projections. A critical note
13. The complex-shaped 'perforated' synapse, a problem in quantitative stereology of brain
14. A critical evaluation of methods for estimating the numerical density of synapses
15. The 'disector', a tool for quantitative assessment of synaptic plasticity. An example on hippocampal synapses and synapse-perforations in ageing rat
16. Changes in the numerical density of synaptic contacts with long-term potentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus
17. Quantitation of terminal parameters and their inter-relationships in maturing central synapses: A perspective for experimental studies
18. Aged rats need a preserved complement of perforated axospinous synapses per hippocampal neuron to maintain good spatial memory
19. Axospinous synapses with segmented postsynaptic densities: A morphologically distinct synaptic subtype contributing to the number of profiles of 'perforated' synapses visualized in random sections
20. Induction of long-term potentiation is associated with an increase in the number of axospinous synapses with segmented postsynaptic densities
21. Age-related loss of axospinuous synapses formed by two afferent systems in the rat dentate gyrus as revealed by the unbiased stereological disector technique
22. Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of synapses in a brain region
23. Notes on the estimation of the numerical density of arbitrary profiles: The edge effect
24. Stereology of arbitrary particles. A review of unbiased number and size estimator and presentation of some new ones, in memory of William R. Thompson
25. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction
26. Optimising sampling efficiency of stereological studies in biology: Or 'do more less well!'
27. Sampling efficiency in morphometry simplified
28. Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis
29. The conneulor: Unbiased estimation of connectivity using physical disectors under projection
30. A quantitative analysis of the synaptic development of the lobus parolfactorius of the chick (Gallus domesticus)
31. Plasticity of synapses in the rat neostriatum after unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway
32. Sampling problems in an heterogeneous organ: Quantitation of relative and total volume of pancreatic islets by light microscopy
33. Morphometric studies of the neuropathological changes in choreatic diseases
34. Stereological approach to the study of synapse morphometry with particular regard to estimating number in a volume and on a surface
35. Shrinkage of the brain during histological procedures with fixation in formaldehyde solutions of different concentrations
36. The number of glomerular capillaries estimated by an unbiased and efficient stereological method
37. Neocortical neurone number in humans: Effect of sex and age
38. Quantifying synaptic number and structure: Effects of stain and post-mortem delay
39. Verification of the disector method for counting neurons, with comments on the empirical method
40. The incidence of ultrastructural abnormalities in the cortex of two retarded human brains (Down's syndrome)
41. Measurement of section thickness
42. The unbiased estimation of number and sizes of arbitrary particles using the disector
43. An unbiased stereological method for estimating the total length and the size distribution of the myelin fibre in human brain white matter
44. The geometric properties of microscopic configurations. I. General aspects of projectometry
45. The effect of shape assumptions on the estimation of the numerical density of synapses from thin sections
46. Quantitative stereology of synapses: A critical investigation
47. Phosphotungstic acid staining and the quantitative stereology of synapses
48. A computerised method of determining the number of synaptic contacts in a volume of cerebral cortex
49. Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator
50. Section of determined thickness for use in stereological estimations on cells