Transcriptional enhancers - On/off gene regulation as an adaptation to silencing in higher eukaryotic nuclei

Trends in Genetics

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 2001, Pages 444-448

  Martin, David I K ^a  

^a VICTOR CHANG CARDIAC RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINEAGE; DNA TRANSCRIPTION; ENHANCER REGION; EUKARYOTE; EVOLUTION; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE REPRESSION; GENE SILENCING; HETEROCHROMATIN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REVIEW; TRANSGENE; YEAST;

EID: 0035424055     PISSN: 01689525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02368-X     Document Type: Note

References (53)

1. Orchestrated response: A symphony of transcription factors for gene control
2. Histone deacetylases: Silencers for hire
3. Epigenetics: Regulation through repression
4. Nuclear compartmentalization and gene activity
5. An upstream activator of transcription coordinately increases the level and epigenetic stability of gene expression
6. Expression of a beta-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences
7. Simian virus 40 early and late region promoter functions are enhanced by the 72 base pair repeat inserted at distant locations and inverted orientations
8. The SV40 72 base repair repeat has a striking effect on gene expression both in SV40 and other chimeric recombinants
9. Simian virus 40 enhancer increases number of RNA polymerase II molecules on linked DNA
10. Simian virus 40 enhancer increases RNA polymerase density within the linked gene
11. Formation of stable transcription complexes as assayed by analysis of individual templates
12. Enhancers increase the probability but not the level of gene expression
13. Conservation of the primary structure, organization, and function of the human and mouse beta-globin locus-activating regions
14. Transcriptional enhancers act in cis to suppress position-effect variegation
15. A functional enhancer suppresses silencing of a transgene and prevents its localization close to centrometric heterochromatin
16. Transcriptional behavior of LCR enhancer elements integrated at the same chromosomal locus by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
17. The chicken β-globin 5′HS4 boundary element blocks enhancer-mediated suppression of silencing
18. Enhancer-dependent transcriptional oscillations in mouse erythroleukemia cells
19. The vagaries of variegating transgenes
20. Locus control region function and heterochromatin-induced position effect variegation
21. A globin enhancer acts by increasing the proportion of erythrocytes expressing a linked transgene
22. Beta-globin YAC transgenes exhibit uniform expression levels but position effect variegation in mice
23. Identification of a coordinate regulator of interleukins 4, 13, and 5 by cross-species sequence comparisons
24. Overcoming telomeric silencing: A trans-activator competes to establish gene expression in a cell cycle-dependent way
25. Modulation of a transcription factor counteracts heterochromatic gene silencing in Drosophila
26. Role of chromatin structure and distal enhancers in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation in vitro
27. Position effect and related phenomena
28. Stochastic, stage-specific mechanisms account for the variegation of a human globin transgene
29. The biology of heterochromatin
30. Graded transcriptional response to different concentrations of a single transactivator
31. Mechanism by which the IFN-beta enhanceosome activates transcription
32. To be or not to be active: The stochastic nature of enhancer action
33. Variegated expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene in the absence of the intronic locus control region
34. Beta-globin gene switching and DNAse I sensitivity of the endogenous beta-globin locus in mice do not require the locus control region
35. The beta-globin LCR is not necessary for an open chromatin structure or developmentally regulated transcription of the native mouse beta-globin locus
36. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human β-globin gene in transgenic mice
37. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance
38. Going the distance: A current view of enhancer action
39. A stochastic model for gene induction
40. Transcriptional silencing in fission yeast
41. Localization of Sir2p: The nucleolus as a compartment for silent information regulators
42. Telomeric silencing of a natural subtelomeric gene
43. Heterochromatin
44. Nuclear compartments and gene regulation
45. Genetic modification of heterochromatic association and nuclear organization in Drosophila
46. Perturbation of nuclear architecture by long-distance chromosome interactions
47. Dynamic repositioning of genes in the nucleus of lymphocytes preparing for cell division
48. Association of transcriptionally silent genes with Ikaros complexes at centromeric heterochromatin
49. Nuclear localization and histone acetylation: A pathway for chromatin opening and transcriptional activation of the human beta-globin locus
50. Transcription factor dosage affects changes in higher order chromatin structure associated with activation of a heterochromatic gene
51. Telomere looping permits gene activation by a downstream UAS in yeast
52. The organization of replication and transcription
53. Evidence for stabilizing selection in a eukaryotic enhancer element