"How'd you do on that test?": The effects of gender on self-presentation of achievement to vulnerable men

Sex Roles

Volumn 45, Issue 3-4, 2001, Pages 161-177

  Heatherington, Laurie ^a   Townsend, Laura S ^b   Burroughs, David P ^b  

^a WILLIAMS COLLEGE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035413383     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1013597626641     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arkin, R. M. (1980). Self-presentation. In D. M. Wegner & R. R. Vallacher (Eds.), The self in social psychology. London and New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Arkin, R. M. (1991). Self-presentational styles. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Impression management and social psychological research (pp. 311-333). New York: Academic Press.
3. Asdigan, N. L., Cohn, E. S., & Blum, M. H. (1994). Gender differences in distributive justice: The role of self-presentation revisited. Sex Roles, 30, 303-318.
4. Brown, L., Uebelacker, L., & Heatherington, L. (1998). Men, women, and the self-presentation of acheivement. Sex Roles, 38, 253-268.
5. Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164-168.
6. Buss, D. M., & Kenrick, D. T. (1998). Evolutionary social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 982-1026). New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 346-361.
8. Carli, L. L. (1989). Gender differences in interaction style and influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 565-576.
9. Carli, L. L. (1990). Gender, language, and influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 941-951.
10. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
11. Daubman, K. A., Heatherington, L., & Ahn, A. (1992). Gender and the self-presentation of academic achievement. Sex Roles, 27, 187-204.
12. Daubman, K. A., & Sigall, H. (1997). Gender differences in perceptions of how others are affected by self-disclosure of achievement. Sex Roles, 37, 73-89.
13. Eagly, A. H., & Chrvala, C. (1986). Sex differences in conformity: Status and gender role interpretations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 10, 203-220.
14. Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Fishbaugh, L. (1981). Sex differences in conformity: Surveillance by the group as a determinant of male nonconformity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 384-394.
15. Erkut, S. (1983). Exploring sex differences in expectancy, attribution, and academic achievement. Sex Roles, 9, 217-231.
16. Exline, J. J., & Lobel, M. (1999). The perils of outperformance: Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 307-337.
17. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
18. Goethals, G. R., Messick, D. M., & Allison, S. T. (1991). The uniqueness bias: Studies of constructive social comparison. In J. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 149-176). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Gold, A. R., Brush, L. R., & Sprotzer, E. R. (1980). Developmental changes in self-perceptions of intelligence and self-confidence. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 231-239.
20. Gould, R. J., & Slone, C. G. (1982). The "feminine modesty" effect: A self-presentational interpretation of sex differences in causal attribution. Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 477-485.
21. Heatherington, L., Burns, A. B., & Gustafson, T. B. (1998). When another stumbles: Gender and self-presentation to vulnerable others. Sex Roles, 38, 889-913.
22. Heatherington, L., Daubman, K. A., Bates, C., Ahn, A., Brown, H., & Preston, C. (1993). Two investigations of "female modesty" in achievement situations. Sex Roles, 29, 739-754.
23. Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B., Stiver, I. P., & Surrey, J. L. (1991). Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center. New York: Guilford Press.
24. Kidder, L. H., Belletirrie, G., & Cohn, E. S. (1977). Secret ambitions and public performances: The effects of anonymity on reward allocations made by men and women. Journal Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 70-80.
25. Lenney, E. (1977). Women's self-confidence in achievement settings. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 1-13.
26. Lenney, E., Browning, C., & Mitchell, L. (1980). What you don't know can hurt you: The effects of performance criteria ambiguity on sex differences in self-confidence. Journal of Personality, 48, 306-322.
27. Maccoby, E. E. (1995). The two sexes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
28. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. (1995). Explanatory style and achievement, depression, and gender differences. In G. M. Buchanan & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Explanatory Style (pp. 57-70). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Roberts, T. (1991). Gender and the influence of evaluations on self-assessments in achievement settings. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 297-308.
30. Roberts, T., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). Gender comparisons in responsiveness to others' evaluations in achievement settings. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 221-240.
31. Snodgrass, S. E. (1985). Women's intuition: The effect of subordinate role on interpersonal sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 146-155.
32. Snodgrass, S. E., & Rosenthal, R. (1984). Females in charge: Effects of sex of subordinate and romantic attachment status upon self-ratings of dominance. Journal of Personality, 52, 355-371.
33. Surrey, J. (1991). The self-in-relation: A theory of women's development. In J. V. Jordan, A. G. Kaplan, J. B. Miller, I. P. Stiver, & J. L. Surrey (Eds.), Women's growth in connection: Writings from the Stone Center (pp. 51-66). New York: Guilford Press.
34. Swann, W. B., Griffin, J. J., Predmore, S. C., & Gaines, B. (1987). The cognitive-affective cross-fire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 881-889.
35. Swann, W. B., & Read, S. J. (1981). Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17, 351-372.
36. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand. New York: Ballantine Books.
37. Vollmer, F. (1986). Why do men have higher expectancy than women? Sex Roles, 14, 351-362.
38. Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward social comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245-271.