On nuclear spectrometry pulses digital shaping and processing

Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 49-73

  Imperiale, Cosimo ^a   Imperiale, Alessio ^b  

^a Pacific Western University   (United States)

^b Medical Technology and Electronics Laboratory   (Italy)

Author keywords

Fast scanning for nuclear medicine studies; Processing of piled up pulses at high counting rate; Pulse amplitude time measurement; Pulse shortening techniques; Semiconductor gamma ray spectrometry

Indexed keywords

LEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; NUCLEAR MEDICINE;

NUCLEAR SPECTROMETRY; PULSE DIGITAL SHAPING;

GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETERS;

EID: 0035400761     PISSN: 02632241     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0263-2241(00)00057-9     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. C.L. Britton Characteristics of high rate energy spectroscopy systems using HPGe coaxial detectors and time-variant filters IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 31 1 1984 455
2. V. Radeka Trapezoidal filtering of signals from large germanium detectors at high rates IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 19 1972 412
3. M. Cisotti Transversal filter approach of trapezoidal pulse shaping for silicon live targets Nucl. Instrum. Methods 159 1979 235
4. F.S. Goulding GAMMASPHERE — elimination of ballistic deficit by using a quasi-trapezoidal pulse shaper IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 41 4 1994 1140
5. K. Husimi S. Ohkawa Trapezoidal filtering of signals realized by the directly synthesized Gaussian filter IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 36 1 1989 396
6. G. White Pulse processing for gamma ray spectrometry. A novel method and its implementation IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 35 1 1988 125
7. B.W. Loo F.S. Goulding Ballistic deficits in pulse shaping amplifiers IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 35 1 1988 114
8. F.S. Goulding D.A. Landis Ballistic deficit correction in semiconductor detector spectrometers IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 35 1 1988 119
9. M.L. Simpson Charge trapping correction in Ge spectrometers IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 36 1 1989 260
10. S.M. Hinshaw D.A. Landis A practical approach to ballistic deficit correction IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 374
11. F.S. Goulding D.A. Landis S.M. Hinshaw Large coaxial germanium detectors — correction for ballistic deficit and trapping losses IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 417
12. M.L. Simpson High-rate and high-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy using charge trapping and ballistic deficit correction circuits IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 444
13. J. Gal Particle discriminator for the identification of light charged particles with CsI(Tl) scintillator+PIN photodiode detector Nucl. Instrum. Methods A366 1995 120
14. Gy. Mathe Method for the elimination of superposed pulses in nuclear spectroscopy Nucl. Instrum. Methods 23 1963 261
15. E. Fuschini C. Maroni P. Veronesi A circuit for rejecting pile up pulses Nucl. Instrum. Methods 41 1966 153
16. M. Moszynski J. Jastrzebski B. Bengtson Reduction of pile up effects in time and energy measurements Nucl. Instrum. Methods 47 1967 61
17. F.S. Goulding D.A. Landis N.W. Madden Design philosophy for high resolution rate and throughput spectroscopy systems IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 30 1 1983 301
18. M. Sampietro A digital system for optimum resolution in X-ray spectroscopy Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66 2 1995 975
19. G. Ripamonti A. Geraci Towards real-time digital pulse processing based on least mean squares algorithms Nucl. Instrum. Methods A400 1997 447
20. A. Fazzi V. Varoli A digital spectrometer for optimum pulse processing IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 45 3 1998 843
21. J.E. Dennis D.M. Gay R.E. Welsch An adaptive nonlinear least-squares algorithm ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 7 3 1981 348
22. D.G. Politte Image improvements in positron-emission tomography due to measuring differential time-of-flight and using maximum likelihood estimation IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 737
23. D.R. Haynor R.L. Harrison T.K. Lewellen A scheme for accidental coincidence correction in time-of-flight positron tomography: theory and implementation IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 35 1 1988 753
24. T.J. Holmes Predicting count loss in modern positron emission tomography systems IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 30 1 1983 723
25. G. Germano E.J. Hoffman A study of data loss and mispositioning due to pile up in 2-D detectors in PET IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 671
26. P.E. Kinahan J.S. Karp Position estimation and error correction in a 2-D position sensitive NaI(Tl) detector Nucl. Instrum. Methods A299 1990 484
27. L. Lyons W.W.M. Allison J. Panella Comellas Maximum likelihood or extended maximum likelihood? An example from high energy physics Nucl. Instrum. Methods A245 1986 530
28. W.R. Cook M. Finger T.A. Prince A thick Anger camera for gamma ray astronomy IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 32 1 1985 129
29. C.T. Roche M.G. Strauss R. Brenner Resolution and linearity of Anger-type neutron-position detectors as simulated with different signal processing and optics IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 32 1 1985 373
30. T.D. Milster Digital position estimation for the modular scintillation camera IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 32 1 1985 748
31. N.H. Clinthorne A hybrid maximum likelihood position computer for scintillation cameras IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 34 1 1987 97
32. A.O. Hero N.H. Clinthorne W.L. Rogers A lower bound on PET timing estimation with pulse pileup IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 38 2 1991 709
33. N. Petrick Least squares arrival time estimators for photons detected using a photomultiplier tube IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 39 4 1992 738
34. N. Petrick Least squares arrival time estimators for single and piled up scintillation pulses IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 40 4 1993 1026
35. N. Petrick A fast least squares arrival time estimator for scintillation pulses IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 41 4 1994 758
36. F. Hilsenrath H.D. Voss J.C. Bakke A single chip pulse processor for nuclear spectroscopy IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 32 1 1985 145
37. J.S. Karp Event localization in a continuous scintillation detector using digital processing IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 33 1 1986 550
38. G. Amsel R. Bosshard C. Zajde Shortening of detector signals with passive filters for pile up reduction Nucl. Instrum. Methods 71 1969 1
39. J.A. Wear A model of the high count rate performance of NaI(Tl)-based PET detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 45 3 1998 1231
40. R. Freifelder Comparison of multi-pole shaping and delay line clipping preamplifiers for position sensitive NaI(Tl) detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 45 3 1998 1138
41. E. Tanaka N. Nohara H. Murayama Variable sampling time technique for improving count rate performance of scintillation detectors Nucl. Instrum. Methods 158 1979 459
42. M. Kastner A high speed stabilized gated integrator IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 31 1 1984 447
43. M. Bentourkia Object and detector scatter function dependence on energy and position in high resolution PET IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 42 1995 1162
44. V. Drndarevic P. Ryge T. Gozani Digital signal processing for high rate gamma-ray spectroscopy Nucl. Instrum. Methods A277 1989 532
45. T.K. Wellem A new clinical scintillation camera with pulse tail extrapolation electronics IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37 2 1990 702
46. W.H. Wong H. Li A scintillation detector signal processing technique with active pile up prevention for extending scintillation count rates IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 45 2 1998 838
47. S. Bittanti High-accuracy fit of the poles of spectroscopy amplifiers designed for mixed analog-digital filtering IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 44 2 1997 125
48. C.H. Reinsch Smoothing by spline functions Numer. Math. 10 1967 177
49. C. Imperiale A. Imperiale Some fast mono multi-processor configurations for a single multi-parameter multichannel analyzer Measurement 27 2000 257
50. F.S. Goulding D.A. Landis GAMMASPHERE — correction techniques for detector charge trapping IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 41 4 1994 1145
51. M. Moszynski B. Bengtson The shape distribution of pulses from a planar Ge(Li) detector studied by a differential pulse-shape selection method Nucl. Instrum. Methods 100 1972 285
52. T.W. Raudorf Comparative timing performance of large volume Ge(Li) and HPGE coaxial detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 24 1 1977 78
53. T.W. Raudorf Pulse shape and risetime distribution calculations for HPGe coaxial detectors IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 29 1 1982 764
54. F.S. Goulding Pulse-shaping in low noise nuclear amplifiers: a physical approach to noise analysis Nucl. Instrum. Methods 100 1972 493