Electrical injury and lightning injury: A review of their mechanisms and neuropsychological, psychiatric, and neurological sequelae

Neuropsychology Review

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 101-116

  Duff, Kevin ^a   McCaffrey, Robert J ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Electrical injury; Lightning; Neuropsychological sequelae

Indexed keywords

BRAIN INJURY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ELECTRIC INJURY; HUMAN; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATIENT CARE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW;

BRAIN INJURY, CHRONIC; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ELECTRIC INJURIES; HUMANS; LIGHTNING INJURIES; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATIENT CARE TEAM;

EID: 0035381295     PISSN: 10407308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1016623318049     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Barrash, J., Kealey, G. P., and Janus, T. J. (1996). Neurobehavioral sequelae of high voltage electrical injuries: Comparison with traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology 3: 75-81.
2. Benton, A. L., deS. Hamsher, K., Varney, N. R., and Spreen, O. (1983). Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment: A Clinical Manual, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 4, 5, 34, 75.
3. Bloomingdale, E. C., and Bloomingdale, L. M. (1991). The diagnosis and treatment of a "dead man." American Journal of Forensic Psychology 9: 15-29.
4. Burt, C. W. (1995). Injury-Related Visits to Hospital Emergency Departments: United States, 1992, Advance Data, Number 261, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
5. Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Miller, G. H., and Humilier, M. (1999). Thermoacoustic energy effects in electrical arcs. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 888: 19-32.
6. Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Toner, M., Lee, R. C., and Astumian, R. D. (1995). Advances in the evaluation and treatment of electrical and thermal injury emergencies. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 31: 1147-1152.
7. Cherington, M. (1995). Central nervous system complications of lightning and electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology 15: 233-240.
8. Cherington, M., Yarnell, P., and Lammereste, D. (1992). Lightning strikes: Nature of neurological damage in patients evaluated in hospital emergency departments. Annals of Emergency Medicine 21: 575-578.
9. Cherington, M., Yarnell, P. R., and London, S. F. (1995). Neurologic complications of lightning injuries. Western Journal of Medicine 162: 413-417.
10. Christensen, J. A., Sherman, R. T., Balis, G. A., and Wuamett, J. D. (1980). Delayed neurologic injury secondary to high-voltage current, with recovery. The Journal of Trauma 20: 166-168.
11. Consumer Product Safety Commission. (1996). 1995 national estimates of electrocutions associated with consumer products. Available: http://www.cpsc.gov/library/shock95.pdf
12. Cooper, M. A. (1995). Emergent care of lightning and electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology 15: 268-278.
13. Crews, W. D., Barth, J. T., Brelsford, T. N., Francis, J. P., and McArdle, P. A. (1997). Neuropsychological dysfunction in severe accidental electrical shock: Two case reports. Applied Neuropsychology 4: 208-219.
14. Daniel, M., Haban, G. F., Hutcherson, W. L., Bolter, J., and Long, C. (1985). Neuropsychological and emotional consequences of accidental, high-voltage electrical shock. The International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology 7: 102-106.
15. DiVincenti, F. C., Moncrief, J. A., and Pruitt, B. A. (1969). Electrical injuries: A review of 65 cases. The Journal of Trauma 9: 497-507.
16. Duclos, P. J., and Sanderson, L. M. (1990). An epidemiological description of lightning-related deaths in the United States. International Journal of Epidemiology 19: 673-679.
17. Duff, K., Youllar, T., Haase, R. F., and McCaffrey, R. J. (1999). How often is "yes?" How often is "no?" Response format discrepancies of the Neuropsychological Symptom Checklist. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 14: 74.
18. Engelstatter, G. H. (1994). Neuropsychological and psychological sequelae of lightning and electrical shock injuries. Paper presented at the 4th annual meeting of Lightning Strike and Electric Shock Victims International, Maggie Valley, NC, May 1994.
19. Farrell, D. F., and Starr, A. (1968). Delayed neurological sequelae of electrical injuries. Neurology 18: 601-606.
20. Fish, R. (1993a). Electric shock, Part I: Physics and pathophysiology. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 11: 309-312.
21. Fish, R. (1993b). Electric shock, Part II: Nature and mechanisms of injury. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 11: 457-462.
22. Gallagner, J. P., and Talbert, O. R. (1991). Motor neuron syndrome after electrical shock. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia 83: 79-82.
23. Gourbiere, E., Corbut, J. P., and Bazin, Y. (1994). Functional consequences of electrical injury. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 720: 259-271.
24. Grossman, A. R., Tempereau, C. E., Brones, M. F., Kulber, H. S., Pembrok, L. J. (1993). Auditory and neuropsychiatric behavior patterns after electrical injury. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 14: 169-175.
25. Hooshmand, H., Radfar, F., and Beckner, E. (1989). The neurophysiological aspects of electrical injuries. Clinical Electroencephalography 20: 111-120.
26. Hopewell, C. A. (1983). Serial neuropsychological assessment in a case of reversible electrocution encephalopathy. Clinical Neuropsychology 5: 61-65.
27. Hopewell, C. A. (1995). Personality functioning associated with mild head injury. Traumatic Brain Injury: Monograph Series, Dallas Neuropsychological Institute, PC, Dallas.
28. Hughes, J. H. (1980). Electrical injury. Arizona Medicine 37: 760-762.
29. Hughes, J. P. W. (1956). Electric shock and associated accidents. British Medical Journal 1: 852-853.
30. Kelley, K. M., Pliskin, N., Meyer, G. M. and Lee, R. C. (1994). Neuropsychiatric aspects of electrical injury: The nature of psychiatric disturbance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 720: 213-218.
31. Kriel, R. L., Krach, L. E., Luxenberg, M. G., Jones-Saete, C., and Sanchez, J. (1994). Outcome of severe anoxic/ischemic brain injury in children. Pediatric Neurology 10: 207-212.
32. Krob, M. J., and Cram, A. E. (1983). Lightning injuries: A multisystem trauma. Journal of the Iowa Medical Society 73: 221-225.
33. Lee, R. C. (1997). Injury by electrical forces: Pathophysiology, manifestations, and therapy. Current Problems in Surgery 34: 677-764.
34. Lee, R. C., Aarsvold, J. N., Chen, W., Astumian, R. D., Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Kelley, K. M., and Pliskin, N. H. (1995). Biophysical mechanisms of cell membrane damage in electrical shock. Seminars in Neurology 15: 367-374.
35. Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological Assessment, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 401, 445.
36. Mancusi-Ungaro, H. R., Tarbox, A. R., and Wainwright, D. J. (1986). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in electric burn patients. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 7: 521-525.
37. Miller, L. (1993). Toxic torts: Clinical, neuropsychological, and forensic aspects of chemical and electrical injuries. The Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, January/February 6-17.
38. Mills, W., Jr., Switzer, W. E., and Moncrief, J. A. (1966). Electrical injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association 195: 164.
39. Patel, A. (1993). Electric injury with cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 24: 903-905.
40. Petty, P. G., and Parkin, G. (1986). Electrical injury to the central nervous system. Neurosurgery 19: 282-284.
41. Pliskin, N. H., Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Law, R. T., Malina, A. C., Kelley, K. M., and Lee, R. C. (1998). Neuropsychological symptom presentation after electrical injury. The Journal of Trauma 44: 709-715.
42. Pliskin, N. H., Meyer, G. J., Dolske, M. C., Heilbronner, R. L., Kelley, K. M., and Lee, R. C. (1994). Neuropsychiatric aspects of electrical injury: A review of neuropsychological research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 720: 219-223.
43. Primeau, M., Engelstatter, G. H., and Bares, K. K. (1995). Behavioral consequences of lightning and electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology 15: 279-285.
44. Reitan, R. M., and Wolfson, D. (1993). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Clinical Interpretation, Neuropsychology Press, Tucson, AZ.
45. Ressijac, R. H. (1986). High voltage electrical injuries. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing 9: 383-389.
46. Sances, A., Jr., Larson, S. J., Myklebust, J., and Cusick, J. F. (1979). Electrical injuries. Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics 149: 97-108.
47. Silversides, J. (1964). The neurological sequelae of electrical injury. The Canadian Medical Association Journal 91: 195-204.
48. Solem, L., Fischer, R. P., and Strate, R. G. (1977). The natural history of electrical injury. The Journal of Trauma 17: 487-491.
49. Spreen, O., and Strauss, E. (1998). A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 274, 288, 289, 334, 335, 453.
50. Stanley, L. D., and Suss, R. A. (1985). Intracerebral hematoma secondary to lightning stroke: Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 16: 686-688.
51. van Zomeren, A. H., ten Duis, H.-J., Minderhoud, J. M., and Sipma, M. (1998). Lightning stroke and neuropsychological impairment: Cases and questions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 64: 763-769.
52. Varghese, G., Mani, M. M., and Redford, J. B. (1991). Neuromuscular complications following electrical injury: Incidence and special problems in rehabilitation. Clinical Rehabilitation 5: 195-200.
53. Varney, N. R., Ju, D., Sheperd, J. S., and Kealey, G. P. (1998). Long-term neuropsychological sequelae of severe burns. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13: 737-749.
54. Wechsler, D. (1985). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Manual, The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX.
55. Wilkinson, C., and Wood, M. (1978). High voltage electric injury. The American Journal of Surgery 136: 693-696.
56. Yarnell, P. R., and Lammertse, D. P. (1995). Neurorehabilitation of lightning and electrical injuries. Seminars in Neurology 15: 391-396.