The effects of group psychological debriefing on acute stress reactions following a traffic accident: A quasi-experimental approach

International Journal of Emergency Mental Health

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 145-154

  Eid, Jarle ^a,d   Johnsen, Bjørn Helge ^a   Weisæth, Lars ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^c HQ   (Norway)

^d Royal Norwegian Naval Academy   (Norway)

Author keywords

Acute stress reactions; CISD; Group psychological debriefing; Preventive interventions

Indexed keywords

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISASTER; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; METHODOLOGY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SOLDIER; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VOLUNTARY WORKER;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT; HUMANS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOTHERAPY, BRIEF; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; RESCUE WORK; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VOLUNTARY WORKERS;

EID: 0035379424     PISSN: 15224821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. rd - Rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Bartone, P. (1998). Stress in the military setting. In C. Chronin (Ed.), Military psychology; An introduction (p. 113-138), New York: Simon Schuster.
4. Bartone, P., & Wright, K. (1990). Grief and group recovery following a military air disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 523-529.
5. Bisson, J., & Deahl, M. (1994). Psychological debriefing and prevention of posttraumatic stress: More research is needed. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 717-720.
6. Caplan, G. (1964). Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
7. Deahl, M., Srinivasan, M., Jones, N., Thomas, J., Neblett, C., & Jolly, A. (2000). Preventing psychological trauma in soldiers: The role of operational stress training and psychological debriefing. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 73, 77-85.
8. Dyregrov, A. (1989). Caring for helpers in disaster situations: Psychological debriefing. Disaster Management, 2, 25-30.
9. Dyregrov, A. (1997). The process in critical incident stress debriefings. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 589-605.
10. Dyregrov, A. (1999). Psykologisk debriefing- en virksom metode ? [Psychological debriefing - an effective method?]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 36, 99-106.
11. Eid, J., Johnsen, B. H., Løvstad, T., & Michelsen, L. T. (1995). Psykososiale støttetiltak ved to ulykker i Forsvaret. [Psychosocial support after two accidents in the Norwegian Armed Forces]. Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening, 8, 959-961.
12. Eid, J., Thayer, J., & Johnsen, B. H. (1999). Measuring post-traumatic stress symptoms: A psychometric evaluation of symptom- and coping questionnaires based on a Norwegian sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 101-108.
13. Everly, G. S., Boyle, B. A., & Lating, J. M. (1999). The effectiveness of psychological debriefing with vicarious trauma: A meta-analysis, Stress Medicine, 15, 229-233.
14. Everly, G. S., & Mitchell, J. T. (2000). The debriefing "controversy" and crisis intervention: A review of lexical and substantive issues. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2, 211-225.
15. Flin, R. (1996). Sitting in the hot seat: Leaders and teams for critical incident management. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
16. Foa, E. B., Keane, T. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2000). Introduction. In E. B. Foa, T. M. Keane, & M. J. Friedman (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD (pp. 1-17). New York: Guilford Press.
17. Goldberg, D.P., & Hillier, V.F. (1979). A scaled version of the GHQ. Psychological Medicine, 9, 139-145.
18. Hobbs, M., Mayou, R., Harrison, B., & Warlock, P.A. (1996). A randomized controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of road traffic accidents. British Medical Journal, 313, 1438-1439.
19. Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209-218.
20. Hytten, K., & Hasle, A. (1989). Fire fighters: A study of stress and coping. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, suppl 355, 50-55.
21. Johnsen, B. H., Eid, J., Løvstad, T., & Michelsen L. T. (1996). Mestringsstrategi og utvikling av posttraumatiske stressymptomer etter forlis med marinefartøy. [Coping strategies and post-traumatic stress symptoms following a Naval shipwreck]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 33, 859-866.
22. Johnsen, B. H., Eid, J., Løvstad, T., & Michelsen L. T. (1997) Post -traumatic stress symptoms in non- exposed, victims and spontaneous rescuers after avalanche. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 133-140.
23. Johnsen, B.H., Laberg, J.C., & Eid, J. (1998). Coping strategies and mental health problems in a military unit. Military Medicine, 163, 599-602.
24. Joseph, S., Williams, R., & Yule, W. (1992). Crisis support, attributional style, coping style and post-traumatic symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 1249-1251.
25. Joseph, S., Williams, R., & Yule, W. (1997). Understanding post-traumatic stress: A psychosocial perspective on PTSD and treatment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons,.
26. Larsson, G., Tedfeldt, E. L., & Andersson, B. (1999). Conditions affecting experiences of the quality of psychological debriefings: Preliminary findings from a grounded theory study, International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2, 91-97.
27. Lee, C., Slade, P., & Lygo, V. (1996). The influence of psychological debriefing on emotional adaptation in women following miscarriages: A preliminary study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 69, 47-58.
28. Mangelsdorff, D. A. (1985). Lessons learned and forgotten: The need for prevention and mental health interventions in disaster preparedness. Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 239-257.
29. McFarlane, A. C., & De Girolamo, G. (1996). The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic Stress (pp. 129-154). New York: Guilford Press.
30. Mitchell, J. T. (1983). When disaster strikes... The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 8, 36-39.
31. Mitchell, J. T. (1985, March). Disaster management and CISD-training. Seminar at the University of Bergen, Norway.
32. Mitchell, J. T. (1989, November). Advanced training in critical incident stress debriefings. Workshop at the Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway.
33. Mitchell, J. T. (1991, August). Critical incident stress management and critical incident stress debriefings. Workshop at the Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway.
34. nd. Ed.). Ellicott City, MD: Chevron.
35. Oerner, R.J., Avery, A., & Boddy, C. (1997). Status and development of critical incident stress management services in the United Kingdom National Health Service and other emergency services combined: 1993-1996. Occupational Medicine, 47, 203-209.
36. Raphael, B., & Meldrum, L. (1993). The evolution of mental health responses and research in Australian disasters. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 65-89.
37. Raphael, B., Meldrum, L., & McFarlane, A. (1995). Does debriefing after psychological trauma work ? British Medical Journal, 310, 1479-1480.
38. Raphael, B., Wilson, J., Meldrum, L., & McFarlane, A. (1996). Acute preventive interventions. In B. Van der Kolk, A. McFarlane & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress (pp. 463-479). New York: Guilford Press.
39. Rose, S., & Bisson, J. (1998). Brief early psychological interventions following trauma: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 697-710.
40. Salmon T. W. (1919). The war neurosis and their lessons. New York Journal of Medicine, 109, 993.
41. Shalev, A. Y. (1994). Debriefing following traumatic exposure. In R. J. Ursano, B. G. McCaughey & C. S. Fullerton (Eds.), Individual and community responses to trauma and disaster (pp. 201-219).Cambridge, UK: University Press.
42. Ursano, R. J., Grieger, T. A., & McCarroll, J. E. (1996). Prevention of posttraumatic stress: Consultation, training and early treatment. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic Stress (pp. 441-462). New York: Guilford Press.
43. van der Kolk, B. A. (1996). The body keeps the score. Approaches to the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress (pp. 214-241). New York: Guilford Press.
44. Weisæth, L. (1984). Stress reactions to an industrial disaster. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo, Medical Faculty.
45. Weisæth, L. (1993). From trauma to PTSD. Some findings on the role of anxiety in the pathogenic process. In G. Schrader (Ed.), Environmental factors in psychiatry (pp. 1-14). Geigy Psychiatric Symposium, Ciba Geigy Australia, Pendle Hill, N.S.W. 2145.
46. Weisæth, L. (2000). Briefing and Debriefing: Group Psychological Interventions in Acute Stressor Situations. In B. Raphael, & J. P. Wilson (Eds.), Psychological debriefing. Theory, practice and evidence (pp. 43-57). Cambridge; UK: University Press.
47. Weisæth, L., & Mehlum, L. (Eds.) (1993). Appendix 3. Mennesker traumer og kriser. [People trauma and crisis]. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget.