Community, higher education, and the challenge of multiculturalism

Teachers College Record

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 485-503

  Martínez Alemán, Ana M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0035373794     PISSN: 01614681     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0161-4681.00124     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. John Dewey, The Ethics of Democracy (University of Michigan Philosophical Papers: Andrews & Co.), p. 1.
2. My analysis will utilize a feminist pragmatic perspective, one that reflects on the experiences of postsecondary communities to "resolve the problematic situations that arise within [these] particular experiences." Such reflection is characteristic of pragmatism and feminism, two philosophical projects that rely on historical and relational analyses. As Charlene Haddock Seigfried has pointed out in Reweaving the Social Fabric: Pragmatism and Feminism (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996), feminist and pragmatic philosophical reflection both understand that reflection begins with the examination of experience which is "irreducibly plural" and which specifically regards the diversity of relationality responsible for phenomena. Context driven, such an analysis can scrutinize and reconstitute alliances and associations, because it critically examines the "operative structures of power." In this case, a feminist pragmatic consideration of the ideal of community can help us to better understand the relations of power that both inhibit and enhance communality and provide possibilities for reconfiguring the diversity of interests that prove problematic to communality on our college and university campuses (pp. 37-39).
3. Bruce A. Kimball, in Rethinking Liberal Education, eds., Nicholas H. Farnham and Adam Yarmolinsky (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 28-29.
4. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University, 3rd ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), 1.
5. John S. Brubacher and Willis Rudy, Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities, 4th ed. (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers).
6. Ibid., 42-45.
7. Frank Wong, "The Search for American Liberal Education," in Rethinking Liberal Education, eds., Nicholas H. Farnham and Adam Yarmolinsky (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 65.
8. Ibid., 69.
9. See Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: Vintage, 1992); Alan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987).
10. See Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: Vintage, 1992); Alan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987).
11. See Maurianne Adams, "Cultural Inclusion in the American College Classroom," in Teaching for Diversity, Laura L. B. Border and Nancy Van Note Chism, eds. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), 5-17; Chandra T. Mohanty, "On Race and Voice: The Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990's," Cultural Critique 14, 179-208; Liberal Learning and the Arts of Connection for the New Academy, A Report of the Association of American Colleges and Universities Campus Diversity Initiative, 1993; Marilyn Friedman, "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 10 (2), Spring 1995, 56-68; Denise K. Magner, "Fewer Professors Believe Western Canon Should be the Cornerstone of the College Curriculum." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 September 1996, A12-16.
12. See Maurianne Adams, "Cultural Inclusion in the American College Classroom," in Teaching for Diversity, Laura L. B. Border and Nancy Van Note Chism, eds. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), 5-17; Chandra T. Mohanty, "On Race and Voice: The Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990's," Cultural Critique 14, 179-208; Liberal Learning and the Arts of Connection for the New Academy, A Report of the Association of American Colleges and Universities Campus Diversity Initiative, 1993; Marilyn Friedman, "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 10 (2), Spring 1995, 56-68; Denise K. Magner, "Fewer Professors Believe Western Canon Should be the Cornerstone of the College Curriculum." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 September 1996, A12-16.
13. See Maurianne Adams, "Cultural Inclusion in the American College Classroom," in Teaching for Diversity, Laura L. B. Border and Nancy Van Note Chism, eds. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), 5-17; Chandra T. Mohanty, "On Race and Voice: The Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990's," Cultural Critique 14, 179-208; Liberal Learning and the Arts of Connection for the New Academy, A Report of the Association of American Colleges and Universities Campus Diversity Initiative, 1993; Marilyn Friedman, "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 10 (2), Spring 1995, 56-68; Denise K. Magner, "Fewer Professors Believe Western Canon Should be the Cornerstone of the College Curriculum." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 September 1996, A12-16.
14. See Maurianne Adams, "Cultural Inclusion in the American College Classroom," in Teaching for Diversity, Laura L. B. Border and Nancy Van Note Chism, eds. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), 5-17; Chandra T. Mohanty, "On Race and Voice: The Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990's," Cultural Critique 14, 179-208; Liberal Learning and the Arts of Connection for the New Academy, A Report of the Association of American Colleges and Universities Campus Diversity Initiative, 1993; Marilyn Friedman, "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 10 (2), Spring 1995, 56-68; Denise K. Magner, "Fewer Professors Believe Western Canon Should be the Cornerstone of the College Curriculum." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 September 1996, A12-16.
15. See Maurianne Adams, "Cultural Inclusion in the American College Classroom," in Teaching for Diversity, Laura L. B. Border and Nancy Van Note Chism, eds. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992), 5-17; Chandra T. Mohanty, "On Race and Voice: The Challenges for Liberal Education in the 1990's," Cultural Critique 14, 179-208; Liberal Learning and the Arts of Connection for the New Academy, A Report of the Association of American Colleges and Universities Campus Diversity Initiative, 1993; Marilyn Friedman, "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Hypatia 10 (2), Spring 1995, 56-68; Denise K. Magner, "Fewer Professors Believe Western Canon Should be the Cornerstone of the College Curriculum." The Chronicle of Higher Education, 13 September 1996, A12-16.
16. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
17. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
18. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
19. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
20. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
21. See Cornell West, "Race and Social Justice in a Multicultural Democracy," Liberal Education (Summer, 1994); Amy Gutman, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining of Recognition (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); Chantal Mouffe, ed., Dimensions of Radical Democracy : Pluralism, Citizenship, Community (New York: Verso, 1992); Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990): Sevla Benhabib, ed., Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996); John Rajchman, ed., The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).
22. See Roger Kimball, Tenured Radicals: How Politics Has Corrupted Our Higher Education (New York: Harper & Row, 1990); Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus.
23. See Roger Kimball, Tenured Radicals: How Politics Has Corrupted Our Higher Education (New York: Harper & Row, 1990); Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus.
24. Arthur Levine, "Diversity on Campus," in Arthur Levine, ed., Higher Learning in America: 1980-2000 (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), 334.
25. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Campus Life: In Search of Community (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).
26. Boyer, "Campus Climate in the 1980s and 1990s," 324-325
27. William James, A Pluralistic Universe (Omaha, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1996).
28. William James, "The Social Value of The College Bred," Essays, Comments, and Reviews (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987).
29. Ibid., 110.
30. Horace M. Kallen, The Education of Free Men: An Essay Toward a Philosophy of Education for Americans (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Company, 1949), 318.
31. Ibid., 319.
32. Ibid., 323.
33. John Dewey, Human Nature and Conduct: An Introduction to Social Psychology (New York, Carlton House, 1922), 259-260.
34. John Dewey, Reconstruction in Philosophy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1948), 118.
35. Ibid., 118.
36. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1946), 150.
37. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, (New York: The Free Press, 1916), 153.
38. John Dewey, Experience and Nature (New York: Dover Publications, 1958), 295.
39. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 83.
40. Ibid., 123.
41. Ibid., 121.
42. Horace M. Kallen, The Education of Free Men, 178.
43. Ibid., 98.
44. Dewey would remind us that the "development of distinctive capacities be afforded all" precisely because democracy demands it (Democracy and Education, 122.).
45. John Dewey, "Time and Individuality," in John Dewey: The Later Works, 1925-1973, Vol. 14, 1939-1941. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 1976), 102.
46. Ibid., 110.
47. Ibid., 109-110.
48. Ibid., 102.
49. John Dewey, The Publicr and Its Problems, 147.
50. Langston Hughes, "Theme for English B." in Black American Literature, ed., D. T. Turner (Columbus. OH: Chas. E. Merrill, 1970).
51. John Dewey, "Nationalizing Education" in John Dewey: The Middle Works, 1899-1924, Vol. 10, ed., JoAnn Boydston (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1976), 202-210.
52. Ibid., 202.
53. Ibid., 202.
54. Ibid., 203
55. Ibid. 204. 45 See Dewey's discussion of the "habits and aims" of groups as determinants of their sociality in Democracy and Education, 82,
56. and Dewey's articulation of the differences between "educative" and "mis-educative" experiences in Experience and Education (New York: Collier Books. 1938), 25-50.
57. Horace M. Kallen, The Education of Free Men, 181.
58. Horace M. Kallen, A Study of Liberty (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Publishers, 1973), 121.
59. Horace M. Kallen, The Education of Free Men, 178.
60. Ibid., 179.
61. Ibid., 179-182.
62. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 296-305.
63. John Dewey, "Creative Democracy: The Task Before Us" in John Dewey: The Later Works, 1925-1953, Vol. 14, ed., JoAnn Boydston (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1976), 226-228.
64. Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. II, Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, tran. by Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1987). 136.
65. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 295.
66. John Dewey, How We Think (New York: D. C. Heath & Co., 1933), 201.
67. Ibid., 5-15.
68. Ibid., 15.
69. Ibid., 257-258.
70. Ibid., 223.
71. John Dewey, Democracyn and Education, 295.
72. Ibid., 341-342
73. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems, 147.
74. Ibid., 151.
75. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 83.
76. The Virginia Military Institute and the Citadel as recent examples.
77. John Dewey, Experience and Nature (New York: Dover Publications, 1958).
78. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems, 154.
79. Jerry G. Gaff, "Beyond Politics: The Educational Issues Inherent in Multicultural Education." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, Vol. 24 (1) (January/February 1992): 32.
80. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 184.
81. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems, 151.
82. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 152.
83. Ibid., 252.
84. Ibid., 343.
85. John Dewey, How We Think, 202.
86. John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 305.
87. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems, 143-184.
88. Joan W. Scott in Higher Education Under Fire: Politics, Economics, and the Crisis of the Humanities, eds., Michael Bèrubé & Cary Nelson (New York: Routledge, 1995), 294.