The paradoxes of desegregation: Race, class, and education, 1935-1975

American Journal of Education

Volumn 109, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 320-343

  Baker, R Scott ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035343391     PISSN: 01956744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/444274     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Alabama Council on Human Relations. It's Not Over in the South: School Desegregation in Forty-Three Southern Cities Eighteen Years after Brown. Washington, D.C.: Research Press, 1972.
2. Alston et al. v. School Board of Norfolk et al., 112 F.2d 992 (1940).
3. American Friends Service Committee. The Status of School Desegregation in the South. Washington, D.C.: Lawyers Constitutional Committee, 1970.
4. Auerbach, Jerold S. Unequal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
5. Ayers v. Allain, 893 F.2d 732 (1990).
6. Baker, R. Scott. "An American Dilemma: Teacher Testing and School Desegregation in the South." In Essays in Twentieth-Century Southern Education: Exceptionatism and Its Limits, edited by Wayne J. Urban. New York: Garland, 1999.
7. Ball, Edward D., and Patrick McCauley, eds. Southern Schools: Progress and Problems. Nashville: Southern Education Reporting Service, 1959.
8. Bell, Derrick. Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism. New York: Basic, 1992.
9. Benson, Arthur L. "Problems in Evaluating Test Scores of White and Negro Teachers." Proceedings of the Southern Association of Secondary Schools and Colleges 59 (1954): 168-74.
10. Boehm, Ralph, ed. Papers of the NAACP. Pt. 3, reel 6, frame 0652. Frederick, Md.: University Publishers of America, 1982.
11. Bond, Horace Mann. The Education of the Negro in the American Social Order. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1934.
12. Borders v. Ripley, 247 F.2d 268 (1957).
13. Boyle, Sarah Patton. The Desegregated Heart: A Virginian's Stand in Time of Transition. New York: William Morrow, 1962.
14. Bradley, Ann. "The Gatekeeping Challenge." In Quality Counts, 2000, edited by Virginia B. Edwards. Bethesda, Md.: Editorial Projects in Education, 2000.
15. Brazeal, B. R. "Some Problems in the Desegregation of Higher Education in the 'Hard Core' States." Journal of Negro Education 27 (1958): 352-72.
16. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 495 (1954).
17. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 349 U.S. 294 (1955).
18. Brownlee, Fred L. A New Day Ascending. Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1946.
19. Calhoun v. Latimer, 321 F.2d 302 (1963).
20. Caliver, Ambrose. "Certain Significant Developments in the Education of Negroes in the Past Generation." Journal of Negro History 35 (1950): 111-34.
21. Charleston Board of School Commissioners. Minute Books. Charleston, S.C.: Office of Records and Archives, 1935-75.
22. Collins, Leroy. Papers. University of South Florida Library, Tampa.
23. Cruse, Harold. Plural but Equal: A Critical Study of Blacks and Minorities and America's Plural Society. New York: William Morrow, 1987.
24. Davis, Thomas E. "A Study of Fisk University Freshmen." Journal of Negro Education 2 (1933): 477-83.
25. de L. Landon, M. The Honor and the Dignity of the Profession: A History of the Mississippi State Bar, 1906-1976. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1979.
26. Dent, Tom. Southern Journey: A Return to the Civil Rights Movement. New York: William Morrow, 1997.
27. Du Bois, W. E. B. The Autobiography of W. E. B. Du Bois. New York: International Publishers, 1968.
28. Du Bois, W. E. B. Writings. New York: Library of America, 1986.
29. Educational Testing Service. Annual Reports, 1953-1960. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.
30. Ex Parte Banks, 48 So.2d 35 (1950).
31. Fisher, Ada Lois Sipuel, and Danny Goble. A Matter of Black and White: The Autobiography of Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.
32. Florida ex. rel. Hawkins v. Board of Control, 350 U.S. 413 (1957).
33. Freidman, Leon, ed. Argument: The Oral Argument before the Supreme Court in Broum v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1952-1955. New York: Chelsea House, 1983.
34. Ganaway v. Charleston County School District no. 81-50-6, Documents, Plaintiff's Exhibit 923, 1963.
35. Green v. School Board of City of Roanoke, 304 F.2d 118 (1962).
36. Hastie, W. H. Papers. Harvard Law School Library, box 101, folder 1, Cambridge, Mass.
37. Hawkins v. Board of Control, 162 F. Supp. 851 (1958).
38. Hobson v. Hansen, 269 F. Supp. 401 (1967).
39. Jencks, Christopher, and David Reisman. The Academic Revolution. New York: Doubleday, 1968.
40. Jones v. School Board of City of Alexandria, 278 F.2d 72 (1960).
41. Johnson, Guy. "Desegregation in Higher Education." Series 5.9.3, folder 1464, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
42. Karl, S. Donald. The College Handbook. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1959-61, 1963-65.
43. Levine, David O. "Discrimination in College Admissions." In The History of Higher Education, ed. Lester F. Goodchild and Harold S. Wechsler. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
44. Meier, Kenneth J. et al. Race, Class, and Education: The Politics of Second-Generation Discrimination. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
45. Mills v. Board of Trustees of Anne Arundle County, 31 F. Supp. 245 (1939).
46. Missouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938).
47. Morgan, P. R., and James M. McPartland. "The Extent of Classroom Segregation." ERIC Document no. 210 405, 1981.
48. Myrdal, Gunnar. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and American Democracy. New York: Harper & Row, 1944.
49. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Papers. Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
50. National Center for Education Statistics. The Condition of Education, 1981. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981-83.
51. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Digest of Educational Statistics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.
52. Redd, George N. "The Status of Educational Desegregation in Tennessee." Journal of Negro Education 25 (1956): 324-33.
53. Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744 (1976).
54. Richardson v. McFadden, Trial Transcript, National Archives, Philadelphia.
55. Sarratt, Reed. The Ordeal of Desegregation: The First Decade. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
56. Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Board of Education of Jefferson County, Alabama, 162 F. Supp. 372 (1958).
57. Slater, Robert B. "First Black Graduates of the Nation's 50 Flagship State Universities." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 13 (1996): 72-85.
58. Smith, Norman M. Presidential Papers, 1951-52, box 9, file Negro Problems, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia.
59. Southern Regional Education Board. Fact Book on Higher Education in the South. Atlanta: Southern Regional Education Board, 1974.
60. Stevens, Robert. Law School: Legal Education in America from the 1850's to the 1980's. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
61. Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950).
62. "Teachers' Salaries in Black and White." Box II-B-176, NAACP Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
63. Thomas, William B. "Black Intellectuals, Intelligence Testing in the 1930's, and the Sociology of Knowledge." Teachers College Record 85 (1948): 477-501.
64. Thompson, Charles H. "Negro Higher and Professional Education in the United States." Journal of Negro Education 17 (1948): 221-23.
65. Turner v. Keefe, 50 F. Supp. 647 (1943).
66. Tyack, David B., and Larry Cuban. Tinkering toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.
67. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The Social and Economic Status of the Black Population in the United States, 1971. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
68. U.S. Bureau of the Census. The Social and Economic Status of the Black Population in the United States: An Historical View, 1790-1978. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.
69. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Education. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961.
70. U.S. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Investigation of Schools and Poverty in the District of Columbia: Hearings beofre the Task Force on Anti-poverty. 89th Cong., 2d sess., 1966.
71. U.S. Office of Civil Rights. "1980 Elementary and Secondary Civil Rights Survey: District Summary." U.S. Department of Education. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1982.
72. U.S. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity. Hearings before the Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity. 20 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.
73. United States v. North Carolina, 400 F. Supp. 343 (1975).
74. Walker, Vanessa Siddle. "Valued Segregated Schools for African American Children in the South, 1935-1969: A Review of Common Themes and Characteristics." Review of Educational Research 70 (2000): 253-85.
75. Wells, Amy Stuart, and Robert Crain. Crossing the Color Line: African American Students in White Suburban Schools. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997.
76. Wilson, William J. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
77. Wise, W. Max. They Come for the Best of Reasons. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1958.
78. Wood, Ben D. "Making Use of the Objective Examination as a Phase in Teacher Selection." Harvard Educational Review 10 (May 1940): 277-82.
79. Wood, Ben D. Papers. Educational Testing Service Archives, Princeton, N.J.