Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women using continuous combination hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate or with 17β-estradiol and norethindrone acetate

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 184, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 1131-1138

  Ödmark, Inga Stina ^a   Jonsson, Björn ^b   Bäckström, Torbjörn ^c,d  

^a Wyeth Lederle Nordiska AB   (Sweden)

^b ST GÖRAN S HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^d UMEÅ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Amenorrhea; Bleeding pattern; Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy; Endometrium; Postmenopausal

Indexed keywords

CONJUGATED ESTROGEN; ESTRADIOL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NORETHISTERONE ACETATE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADULT; AMENORRHEA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; ENDOMETRIUM; FEMALE; HEADACHE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MASTALGIA; MOOD; MULTICENTER STUDY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; VAGINA BLEEDING;

EID: 0035336740     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.112561     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Campbell S, Whitehead M. Oestrogen therapy and the menopausal syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1977;4:31-47.
2. Ziel HK. Estrogen's role in endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1982;60:509-15.
3. Persson I, Adami HO, Bergkvist L, Lindgren A, Pettersson B, Hoover R, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer after treatment with estrogens alone or in conjunction with progestogens; Results of a prospective study. BMJ 1989;298:147-51.
4. Woodruff JD, Pickar JH. Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:1213-23.
5. Voigt LF, Weiss NS, McKnight B, Chu J, Daling JR, van Belle G. Progestogen supplementation of exogenous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer. Lancet 1991;338:274-7.
6. Staland B. Continuous treatment with a combination of estrogen and gestagen: A way of avoiding endometrial stimulation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1985;130:29-35.
7. Hillard TC, Siddle NC, Whitehead MI, Fraser DI, Pryse-Davies J. Continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen-progestogen therapy: Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethindrone acetate on bleeding patterns and endometrial histologic diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1-7.
8. Ellerington MC, Whitcroft SIJ, Whitehead MI. HRT: Developments in therapy. Br Med Bull 1992;48:401-25.
9. Weinstein L, Bewtra C, Gallagher JC. Evaluation of a continuous combined low dose regimen of estrogen-progestin for treatment of the menopausal patient. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:1534-42.
10. Archer DF, Pickar JH, Bottiglioni F. Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women taking continuous combined or sequential regimens of conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol 1994;83:686-92.
11. Levene H. Robust tests for equality of variances. Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press; 1960. p. 278-92.
12. Satterthwaite FE. An approximative distribution of estimates of variance components. Biometrics 1946;2:110-4.
13. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc 1972; 34(B):187-220.
14. Stadberg E, Mattsson L-Å, Uvebrant M. 17β-Estradiol and norethisterone acetate in low doses as continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1996;23:31-9.
15. Dören M, Schneider HPG. Long-term compliance of continuous combined estrogen and progestogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1996;25:99-105.
16. Hahn RG. Compliance considerations with estrogen replacement: Withdrawal bleeding and other factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:1854-8.
17. Sporrong T, Samsioe G, Larsen S, Mattsson L-Å. A novel statistical approach during continuous hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 1989;11:209-15.