Genetics of type 2 diabetes: Insight from targeted mouse mutants

Current Molecular Medicine

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 9-23

  Accili, Domenico ^a   Kido, Yoshiaki ^a   Nakae, Jun ^a   Lauro, Davide ^a   Park, Byung Chul ^a  

^a College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOKINASE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 4; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR; MUSCLE PROTEIN; ONCOPROTEIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; SLC2A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN; SLC2A4 PROTEIN, MOUSE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ANIMAL; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MOUSE; MOUSE MUTANT; MUTAGENESIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PANCREAS ISLET; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

1-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; ANIMALS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; GLUCOKINASE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TYPE 4; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HUMANS; INSULIN; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; MUSCLE PROTEINS; MUTAGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PHOSPHOPROTEINS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-AKT; RECEPTOR, INSULIN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 0035296582     PISSN: 15665240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1566524013364040     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Kahn, C. R. (1994) Diabetes, 43, 1066-1084.
2. Polonsky, K. S., Sturis, J. and Bell, G. l. (1996) N. Engl. J. Med., 334, 777-783.
3. Kahn, C. R., Vicent, D. and Doria, A. (1996) Annu. Rev. Med., 47, 509-531.
4. Lander, E. S. and Schork, N. J. (1994) Science, 265, 2037-2048.
5. Ullrich, A., Bell, J. R., Chen. E. Y., Herrera, R., Petruzzelli, L. M., Dull, T. J., Gray, A., Coussens, L, Liao, Y. C., Tsubokawa, M. and et al. (1985) Nature, 313,756-61.
6. Ullrich, A., Gray, A., Tarn, A. W., Yang, F. T., Tsubokawa, M., Collins, C., Henzel, W., Le, B. T., Kathuria, S., Chen, E. and et, a. l. (1986) EMBO J, 5, 2503-12.
7. Shier. P. and Watt, V. M. (1989) J. B/oJ. Chem., 264, 14605-14608.
8. Accili, D., Nakae, J., Kim, J. J., Park, B. C. and Rother, K. l. (1999) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 12, 475-485.
9. Nakae, J. and Accili, D. (1999) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 12 (Suppl 3), 721-731.
10. White, M. F. (1996) Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 351, 181-9.
11. Alessi, D. R., Deak, M., Casamayor, A., Caudwell, F. B., Morrice, N., Norman, D. G., Gaffney, P., Reese, C. B., MacDougall, C. N., Harbison, D., Ashworth, A. and Bownes, M. (1997) Curr. Biol.. 7, 776-789.
12. Le Good, J. A., Ziegler, W. H., Parekh, D. B., Alessi, D. R., Cohen, P. and Parker, P. J. (1998) Science. 281, 2042-2045.
13. Burgering, B. M. and Coffer, P. J. (1995) Nature, 376, 599-602.
14. Cross, D. A., Alessi, D. R., Cohen, P., Andjelkovich, M. and Hemmings, B. A. (1995) Nature, 378, 785-789.
15. Kitamura, T., Kitamura, Y., Kuroda, S., Hino, Y., Ando, M., Kotani, K., Konishi, H., Matsuzaki, H., Kikkawa, U., Ogawa, W. and Kasuga, M. (1999) Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 6286-6296.
16. Brunei, A., Bonni, A., Zigmond, M. J., Lin, M. Z., Juo, P., Hu, L. S., Andersen, M. J., Arden, K. C., Blenis, J. and Greenberg, M. E. (1999) Cell, 96, 857-868.
17. Biggs, W. H. R., Meisenhelder, J., Hunter, T., Cavenee, W. K. and Arden, K. C. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 7421-7426.
18. Nakae. J., Barr, V. and Accili, D. (2000) EMBO J., 19, 989-996.
19. Kohn, A. D., Summers, S. A., Birnbaum, M. J. and Roth, R. A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem.,2T\, 3137231378.
20. Skolnik, E. Y., Batzer, A., Li, N., Lee, C. H.. Lowenstein, E., Mohammadi, M., Margolis, B. and Schlessinger, J. (1993) Science, 260, 1953-1955.
21. Soni, P., Lakkis, M., Poy, M. N., Femstrom, M. A. and Najjar, S. M. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol., 20, 38963905.
22. Ribon, V., Printen. J. A., Huffman, N. G., Kay, B. K. and Saltiel, A. R. (1998) Mol. Cell Biol., 18, 872879.
23. White, M. F. (1998) Mol. Cell. Blochem., 182, 3-11.
24. Toker, A. and Cantley, L. C. (1997) Nature, 387, 673-676.
25. Sun, X. J., Rothenberg, P., Kahn, C. R., Backer, J. M., Araki, E., Wilden, P. A., Cahill,-D. A., Goldstein, B. J. and White, M. F. (1991) Nature, 352, 73-77.
26. Sun, X. J., Wang, L, M., Zhang, Y., Yenush, L., Myers, M. J., Glasheen, E., Lane, W. S., Pierce, J. H. and White, M. F. (1995) Nature, 377, 173-177.
27. Lavan, B. E., Lane, W. S. and Lienhard, G. E. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, 11439-11443.
28. Lavan, B. E., Fantin, V. R., Chang, E. T., Lane, W. S., Keller, S. R. and Lienhard, G. E. (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272, 21403-21407.
29. Holgado-Madruga, M., Emlet, D. R., Moscatello, D. K., Godwin, A. K. and Wong, A. J. (1996) Nature, 379. 560-564.
30. Kido, Y., Burks, D. J., Withers, D., Bruning, J. C., Kahn, C. R., White, M. F. and Accili, D. (2000) J. Clin. Invest., 105, 199-205.
31. Accili, D., Drago, J., Lee, E. J., Johnson, M. D., Cool, M. H., Salvatore, P., Asico, L. D., Jose, P. A., Taylor, S. l. and Westphal, H. (1996) Nature Genet., 12, 106-109.
32. Joshi, R. L., Lamothe, B., Cordonnier, N., Mesbah, K., Monthioux, E., Jami, J. and Bucchini, D. (1996) EMBOJ., 15, 1542-1547.
33. Naeye, R. L. (1965) Pediatrics. 35, 980-988.
34. Sevel, D. (1988) Eye, 2, 123-129.
35. Joshi, R. L, Deltour, L., Duvillie, B., Cordonnier, N., Lamothe, B., Bucchini, D. and Jami, J. Mice carrying null mutations in the insulin and IR genes.; 1996. p 2-3.
36. Wertheimer, E., Lu, S. P., Backeljauw, P. F., Davenport, M. L. and Taylor, S. I. (1993) Nat. Genet., 5, 71-73.
37. Psiachou, H., Mitton, S., Alaghband, Z. J., Hone, J., Taylor, S. I. and Sinclair, L. (1993) Lancet, 1, 342.
38. Krook, A., Brueton, L. and O'Rahilly, S. (1993) Lancer, 342, 277-278.
39. Jospe, N., Kaplowitz, P. B. and Furlanetto, R. W. (1996) Clin. Endocrinol,. 45. 229-235.
40. Louvi, A., Accili, D. and Efstratiadis, A. (1997) Dev. BioJ., 189, 33-48.
41. Accili, D. (1997) Trends Endocrinol Metab., 8, 101104.
42. Kido, Y., Philippe, N., Schaeffer, A. A. and Accili, D. (2000) Diabetes, 49, in press.
43. Araki, E., Lipes, M. A., Patti, M. E., Bruning, J. C., Haag, B. R., Johnson, R. S. and Kahn, C. R. (1994) Nature, 372, 186-190.
44. Tamemoto, H., Kadowaki, T., Tobe, K., Yagi, T., Sakura, H.. Hayakawa, T., Terauchi, Y., Ueki, K., Kaburagi, Y., Satoh, S., Sekihara, H., Yoshioka, S., Horikoshi, H., Fufuta, Y., Ikawa, Y., Kasuga, M., Yazaki, Y. and Aizawa, S. (1994) Nature. 372, 182186.
45. Kulkarni, R. N., Winnay, J. N., Daniels, M., Bruning, J. C., Flier, S. N., Hanahan, D. and Kahn, C. R. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104, R69-75.
46. Bruning, J. C., Winnay, J., Bonner, W. S., Taylor, S, L, Accili, D. and Kahn, C. R. (1997) Cell, 88, 561-572.
47. Withers, D. J., Sanchez-Gutierrez, J., Towery, H., Burks, D. J., Ren, J.-M., Prévis, S., Zhang, Y., Bernai, D., Pons, S., Shulman, G. L, Bonner-Weir, S. and White, M. F. (1998) Nature, 391, 900-904.
48. Bernai, D., Almind, K., Yenush, L., Ayoub, M., Zhang, Y., Rosshani, L., Larsson, C., Pedersen, O. and White, M. F. (1998) Diabètes. 47, 976-979.
49. Bektas, A., Warram, J. H., White, M. F., Krolewski, A. S. and Doria, A. (1999) Diabètes, 48, 640-642.
50. Almind, K., Frederiksen, S. K., Bernai, D., Hansen, T., Ambye, L., Urhammer, S., Ekstrom, C. T., Berglund, L., Reneland, R., Lithell, H., White, M. F., Van Obberghen, E. and Pedersen, O. (1999) Diabetologia, 42, 1244-9.
51. Withers, D. J., Burks, D. J., Towery, H. H., Altamuro, S. L, Flint, C. L. and White, M. F. (1999) Nat. Genet., 23, 32-40.
52. Smith-Hall, J., Pons, S., Patti, M. E., Burks, D. J., Yenush, L., Sun, X. J., Kahn, C. R. and White, M. F. (1997) Biochemistry, 36, 8304-8310.
53. Xu, P., Jacobs, A. R. and Taylor, S. I. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 15262-70.
54. Sciacchitano, S. and Taylor, S. I. (1997) Endocrinology, 138, 4931-4940.
55. Liu, S. C. H., Wang, Q., Lienhard, G. E. and Keller, S. R. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 18093-18099.
56. Lienhard. IRS1 and IRS3. ; 2000.
57. Fantin, V. R., Wang, Q.. Lienhard, G. E. and Keller, S. R. (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab., 278, E127-E133.
58. Isakoff, S. J., Taha, C., Rose, E., Marcusohn, J., Klip, A. and Skolnik, E. Y. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 10247-10251.
59. Terauchi, Y., Tsuji, Y., Satoh, S., Minoura, H., Murakami, K., Okuno, A., Inukai, K., Asano, T., Kaburagi, Y., Ueki, K., Nakajima, H., Hanafusa, T., Matsuzawa, Y., Sekihara, H., Yin, Y., Barrett, J. C., Oda, H., Ishikawa, T., Akanuma, Y., Komuro, L, Suzuki, M., Yamamura, K., Kodama, T., Suzuki, H., Kadowaki, T. and et al. (1999) Nat. Genet., 21, 230235.
60. Katz, E. B., Stenbit, A. E., Hatton, K., DePinho, R. and Charron, M. J. (1995) Nature, 377, 151-155.
61. Stenbit, A. E., Tsao, T. S., Li, J., Burcelin, R., Geenen, D. L., Factor, S. M., Houseknecht, K., Katz. E. B. and Charron, M. J. (1997) Nat. Med., 3, 1096-1101.
62. Abel, E. D., Kaulbach, H. C., Tian, R., Hopkins, J. C., Duffy, J., Doetschman, T., Minnemann, T., Boers, M. E., Hadro, E., Oberste-Berghaus, C., Quist, W., Lowell, B. B., Ingwall, J. S. and Kahn, B. B. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104, 1703-1714.
63. Duvillie, B., Cordonnier, N., Deltour, L., DandoyDron, F., Itier, J. M., Monthioux, E., Jami, J., Joshi, R. L. and Bucchini, D. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 5137-5140.
64. Froguel, P. and Velho, G. (1999) Trends Endocrinol Metab., 10, 142-146.
65. Grupe, A., Hultgren, B., Ryan, A., Ma, Y. H., Bauer, M. and Stewart, T. A. (1995) Cell. 83, 69-78.
66. Postic, C., Shiota, M., Niswender, K. D., Jetton, T. L, Chen, Y., Moates, J. M., Shelton, K. D., Lindner, J., Cherrington, A. D. and Magnuson, M. A. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 305-315.
67. Terauchi, Y., Iwamoto, K., Tamemoto, H., Komeda, K., Ishii, C., Kanazawa, Y., Asanuma, N., Aizawa, T., Akanuma, Y., Yasuda, K., Kodama, T., Tobe, K., Yazaki, Y. and Kadowaki, T. (1997) J. Clin. Invest., 99, 861-6.
68. Guillam, M. T., Hummler, E., Schaerer, E., Yen, J. l., Birnbaum, M. J., Beermann, F., Schmidt, A., Deriaz, N., Thorens, B. and Wu, J. Y. (1997) Nat. Genet., 17, 327-330.
69. Valera, A., Solanes, G., Fernandez, A. J., Pujol, A., Ferrer, J., Asins, G., Gomis, R. and Bosch, F. (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 269, 28543-6.
70. Yamagata, K., Furuta, H., Oda, N., Kaisaki, P. J., Menzel, S., Cox, N. J., Fajans, S. S., Signorini, S., Stoffel, M. and Bell, G. l. (1996) Nature, 384, 458460.
71. Duncan, S. A., Navas, M. A., Dufort, D., Rossant, J. and Stoffel, M. (1998) Science, 281, 692-695.
72. Li, J., Ning, G. and Duncan, S. A. (2000) Genes Dev., 14, 464-474.
73. Pontoglio, M., Sreenan, S., Roe, M., Pugh, W., Ostrega, D., Doyen, A., Pick, A. J., Baldwin, A., Velho, G., Froguel, P., Levisetti, M., Bonner-Weir, S., Bell, G. l., Yaniv, M. and Polonsky, K. S. (1998) J. Clin. Invest., 101, 2215-2222.
74. Dukes, l. D., Sreenan, S., Roe, M. W., Levisetti, M., Zhou, Y. P., Ostrega, D., Bell, G. L, Pontoglio, M., Yaniv, M., Philipson, L. and Polonsky, K. S. (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, 24457-24464.
75. Eto, K., Suga, S., Wakui, M., Tsubamoto, Y., Terauchi, Y., Taka, J., Aizawa, S., Noda, M., Kimura, S., Kasai, H. and Kadowaki, T. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 25386-92.
76. Eto, K., Tsubamoto, Y., Terauchi, Y., Sugiyama, T., Kishimoto, T., Takahashi, N., Yamauchi, N., Kubota, N., Murayama, S., Aizawa, T., Akanuma, Y., Aizawa, S., Kasai, H., Yazaki, Y. and Kadowaki, T. (1999) Science, 283, 981-5.
77. Sander, M. and German, M. S. (1997) J. Mol. Med. 75, 327-340.
78. Edlund, H. (1999) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 11, 663668.
79. St-Onge, L., Wehr, R. and Gruss, P. (1999) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 9, 295-300.
80. Ramalho-Santos, M., Melton, D. A. and McMahon, A. P. (2000) Development, 127, 2763-2772.
81. Kim, S. K. and Melton, D. A. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 13036-41.
82. Hebrok, M., Kim, S. K. and Melton. D. A. (1998) Genes Dev., 12, 1705-13.
83. Li, H., Arber, S., Jessell, T. M. and Edlund, H. (1999) Nat. Genet., 23, 67-70.
84. Apelqvist, A., Ahlgren, U. and Edlund, H. (1997) Curr. Biol., 7, 801-4.
85. Beatus, P. and Lendahl, U. (1998) J. Neurosci. Res., 54, 125-36.
86. Apelqvist, A., Li, H., Sommer, L., Beatus, P., Anderson, D. J., Honjo, T., Hrabe de Angelis, M., Lendahl, U. and Edlund, H. (1999) Nature, 400, 87781.
87. Lammert, E., Brown, J. and Melton, D. A. (2000) Mech. Dev., 94, 199-203 [Record as supplied by publisherJ.
88. Krapp, A., Knofler, M., Frutiger, S., Hughes, G. J., Hagenbuchle, O. and Wellauer, P. K. (1996) EMBO J., 15, 4317-29.
89. Krapp, A., Knofler, M., Ledermann, B., Burki, K., Berney, C., Zoerkler, N., Hagenbuchle, O. and Wellauer, P. K. (1998) Genes Dev., 12, 3752-63.
90. Stoffers, D. A., Zinkin, N. T., Stanojevic, V., Clarke, W. L. and Habener, J. F. (1997) Nat. Genet., 15, 106-110.
91. Stoffers, D. A., Ferrer, J., Clarke, W. L. and Habener, J. F. (1997) Nat. Genet, 17, 138-139.
92. Hani, E. H., Stoffers, D. A., Chèvre, J. C., Durand, E., Stanojevic, V., Dina, C., Habener, J. F. and Froguel, P. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104, R41-R48.
93. Macfarlane, W. M., Frayling, T. M., Ellard, S., Evans, J. C., Allen, L. l., Bulman, M. P., Ayres, S., Shepherd, M., Clark, P., Millward, A., Demaine, A., Wilkin, T., Docherty, K. and Hattersley, A. T. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104, R33-R39.
94. Jonsson, J., Carlsson, L., Edlund, T. and Edlund, H. (1994) Nature, 371,606-9.
95. Ahlgren, U., Jonsson, J. and Edlund, H. (1996) Development, 122, 1409-1416.
96. Offield, M. F., Jetton, T. L., Labosky, P. A., Ray, M., Stein, R. W., Magnuson, M. A., Hogan, B. L. and Wright, C. V. (1996) Development, 122, 983995.
97. Macfarlane, W. M., Campbell, S. C., Elrick, L. J., Oates, V., Bermano, G., Lindley, K. J., AynsleyGreen, A., Dünne, M. J., James, R. F. and Docherty, K. (2000) J. Biol. Chem.',275, 15330-5.
98. Sharma, A., Zangen, D. H., Reitz, P., Taneja, M., Lissauer, M. E., Miller, C. P., Weir, G. C., Habener, J. F. and Bonner-Weir, S. (1999) Diabetes, 48, 50713.
99. Macfarlane, W. M., McKinnon, C. M., Felton-Edkins, Z. A., Cragg, H., James, R. F. and Docherty, K. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 1011-6.
100. Macfarlane, W. M., Shepherd, R. M., Cosgrove, K. E., James, R. F., Dünne, M. J. and Docherty, K. (2000) Diabetes, 49, 418-23 [MEDLINE record in processJ.
101. Ahlgren, U., Pfaff, S. L, Jessell, T. M., Edlund, T. and Edlund, H. (1997) Nature, 385, 257-60.
102. Gradwohl, G., Dierich, A., LeMeur, M. and Guillemot, F. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 1607-11.
103. Rutter, W. J., Fielet, R. L., Harding, J. D., Chirgwin, J. M., MacDonald, R. J. and Przybyla, A. E. (1978) Symp Soc Dev Biol, 35, 205-27.
104. Kramer, B., Andrew, A., Rawdon, B. B. and Becker, P. (1987) Development, 100, 661-71.
105. Rose, M. l., Grisera, C. A., Colen, K. L., Connelly, P. R., Longaker, M. T. and Gittes, G. K. (1999) J Pediatr Surg, 34, 774-9; discussion 780.
106. Gittes, G. K., Galante, P. E., Hanahan, D., Rutter, W. J. and Debase, H. T. (1996) Development, 122, 439-47.
107. Polak, M., Bouchareb-Banaei, L., Scharfmann, R. and Czernichow, P. (2000) Diabetes, 49, 225-32.
108. Sosa-Pineda, B., Chowdhury, K., Torres, M., Oliver, G. and Gruss, P. (1997) Nature, 386, 399-402.
109. St-Onge, L., Sosa-Pineda, B., Chowdhury, K., Mansouri, A. and Gruss, P. (1997) Nature, 387, 4069.
110. Naya, F. J., Huang, H. P., Qiu. Y., Mutoh, H., DeMayo, F. J., Leiter, A. B. and Tsai, M. J. (1997) Genes Dev., 11, 2323-34.
111. Sussel, L., Kalamaras, J., Hartigan, O. C. D. J., Meneses, J. J., Pedersen, R. A., Rubenstein, J. L. and German, M. S. (1998) Development, 125, 22132221.
112. Efstratiadis, A. (1998) Int. J. Dev. Biol., 42, 955976.
113. Liu, J. P., Baker, J., Perkins, A. S., Robertson, E. J. and Efstratiadis, A. (1993) Cell, 75, 59-72.
114. Ludwig, T., Eggenschwiler, J., Fisher, P., D'Ercole, A. J., Davenport, M. L. and Efstratiadis, A. (1996) Dev. Biol., 177, 517-535.
115. Di Cola, G., Cool, M. H. and Accili. D. (1997) J. Clin. Invest., 99, 2538-2544.
116. Morrione, A., Valentinis, B., Xu, S. Q., Yumet, G., Louvi, A., Efstratiadis, A. and Baserga, R. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 3777-3782.
117. Frasca, F., Pandini, G., Scalia, P., Sciacca, L., Mineo, R., Costantino, A., Goldfine, l. D., Belfiore, A. and Vigneri, R. (1999) Mol. Cell Biol., 19, 32783288.
118. Lauro, D., Kido, Y., Hayashi, H., Ebina, Y. and Accili, D. (1999) Diabetologia, 42, 1441-1442.
119. Girard, J., Ferre, P., Pegorier, J. P. and Duee, P. H. (1992) Physiol. Rev., 72, 507-562.
120. LeRoith, D., Werner, H., Beitner-Johnson, D. and Roberts, C. (1995) Endocrine Reviews, 16, 143-163.
121. Lauro, D., Kido, Y., Castle, A. L., Zarnowski, M. J., Hayashi, H., Ebina, Y. and Accili, D. (1998) Nature Genet., 20, 294-298.
122. Bruning, J. C., Michael, M. D., Winnay,. J. N., Hayashi, T., Horsch, D., Accili, D., Goodyear, L J. and Kahn, C. R. (1998) Mol. Cell, 2, 559-569.
123. Jullien, D., Heydrich, S., Gautier, N., VanObberghen, E. and LeMarchand-Brustel, Y. (1996) Diabetes, 45, 869-875.
124. Rother, K. l., Imai, Y., Caruso, M., Beguinot, F., Formisano, P. and Accili, D. (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, 17491-17497.
125. Park, B. C., Kido, Y. and Accili, D. (1999) Biochemistry, 38, 7517-7523.
126. Kirn, J. J., Park, B. C. and Accili, D. (1999) Diabetes, 48 (Suppl. 1), 0041 (abstract).
127. Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Komeda, K., Satoh, S., Nakano, R., Ishii, C., Sugiyama, T., Eto, K., Tsubamoto, Y., Okuno, A., Murakami, K., Sekihara, H., Hasegawa, G., Naito, M., Toyoshima, Y., Tanaka, S., Shiota, K., Kitamura, T., Fujita, T., Ezaki, O., Aizawa, S. and Kadowaki, T. (1999) Mol. Cell, 4, 597-609.
128. Barak, Y., Nelson, M. C., Ong, E. S., Jones, Y. Z.. Ruiz-Lozano, P., Chien, K. R., Köder, A. and Evans, R. M. (1999) Mol. Cell, 4, 585-595.
129. Miles, P. D., Barak, Y., He, W., Evans, R. M. and Olefsky, J. M. (2000) J. Clin. Invest., 105, 287-292.
130. Okuno, A., Tamemoto, H., Tobe, K., Ueki, K., Mori, Y., Iwamoto, K., Umesono, K., Akanuma, Y., Fujiwara, T., Horikoshi, H., Yazaki, Y. and Kadowaki, T. (1998) J. Clin. Invest., 101, 1354-1361.
131. Elchebly, M., Payette, P., Michaliszyn, E., Cromlish, W., Collins, S., Loy, A. L, Normandin, D., Cheng, A., Himms-Hagen, J., Chan, C. C., Ramachandran, C., Gresser, M. J., Tremblay, M. L and Kennedy, B. P. (1999) Science, 283, 15441548.
132. Kotani, K., Ogawa, W., Matsumoto, M., Kitamura, T., Sakaue, H., Hino, Y., Miyake, K., Sano, W., Akimoto, K., Ohno, S. and Kasuga, M. (1998) Mol. Cell Biol., n, 6971-6982.
133. Standaert, M. L., Bandyopadhyay, G., Galloway, L., Soto, J., Ono, Y., Kikkawa, U., Farese, R. V. and Leitges, M. (1999) Endocrinology, 140, 4470-4477.
134. Kulkarni, R. N., Bruning, J. C., Winnay, J. N., Postic, C., Magnuson, M. A. and Kahn, C. R. (1999) Cell, 96, 329-339.
135. Cox, N. J., Frigge, M., Nicolae, D. L, Concannon, P., Hanis, C. L, Bell, G. I. and Kong, A. (1999) Nat. Genet., 21, 213-215.
136. Ghosh, S. and Collins, F. S. (1996) Annu. Rev. Med., 47, 333-353.
137. Higaki, Y., Wojtaszewski, J. F., Hirshman, M. F., Withers, D. J., Towery, H., White, M. F. and Goodyear, L J. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274, 2079120795.
138. Bruning, J. C., Winnay, J., Cheatham, B. and Kahn, C. R. (1997) Mol. Cell Biol., 17, 1513-1521.