The perception of group variability in a non-minority and a minority context: When adaptation leads to out-group differentiation

British Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 117-132

  Guinote, Ana ^a  

^a Instituto Superior de Ciencias do   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY GROUP; PERCEPTION; PORTUGAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

ACCULTURATION; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINORITY GROUPS; PORTUGAL; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0035290146     PISSN: 01446665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/014466601164722     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bergius, R., Werbik, H., & Winger, G. (1970). Urteile deutscher Arbeitnehmer ueber Voelker in Relation zur Zahl ihrer auslaendischen Bekannten. [German employees' judgements about people in relation to the number of their foreign acquaintances.] Psychologische Beitraege, 12, 241-310.
2. Berry, J. W. (1976). Human ecology and cognitive style. New York: Sage.
3. Berry, J. W. (1984). Cultural relations in plural societies: Alternatives to segregation and their sociopsychological implications. In N. Miller & M. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation, (pp. 11-27). New York: Academie Press.
4. Brewer, M. B., & Lui, L. (1984). Categorization of the elderly by the elderly: Effects of perceiver's category membership. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 585-595.
5. Brown, R., & Smith, A. (1989). Perceptions of and by minority groups: The case of women in academia. European Journal of Social Psychology, 19, 61-75.
6. Brown, R., & Wootton-Millward, L. (1993). Perceptions of group homogeneity during group formation and change. Social Cognition, 11, 126-149.
7. Cordeiro, A. (1989). Le paradoxe de l'immigration portugaise [The paradox of Portuguese immigration]. Hommes & Migration, 1123, 25-32.
8. Doosje, B., Ellemers, N., & Spears, R. (1995). Perceived intragroup variability as a function ot group status and identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 410-436.
9. Erber, R., & Fiske, S. T. (1984). Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 709-726.
10. Fatela, J. (1985). Les portugais entre l'ouverture et le repli. [Portuguese people between openness and reservedness.] Esprit, 6, 126.
11. Fernandez, R. L. (1979). The social meaning of being Portuguese Canadian. Occasional Papers in Ethnic and Immigration Studies, Toronto: The Multicultural History Society of Ontario.
12. Fiske, S. T. (1993). Controlling other people. American Psychologist, 48, 621-628.
13. Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-bascd to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 1-74.
14. Frable, D., Blackstone, T., & Scherbaum, C. (1990). Marginal and mindful: Deviants in social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 140-149.
15. Garcia-Marques, L., & Palma de Oliveira, J. M. (1988). National identities and levels of categorization: Self-stereotypes, attitudes and perception of other nationalities. In D. Canter, J. Jesuino, L. Soczka, & G. Stephenson (Eds.), Environmental social psychology (pp. 312-319). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
16. Haddock, G., & Zanna, M. (1998). On the use of open-ended measures to assess attitudinal components. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 120-149.
17. Hannigan, T. (1990). Traits, attitudes, and skills that are related to intercultural effectiveness and their implications for cross-cultural training: A review of the literature. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 89-111.
18. Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., Turner, J. C., & McGarty, C. (1995). Social categorization and group homogeneity: Changes in the perceived applicability of stereotype content as a function of comparative context and trait favourableness. British Journal of Social Psychology. 34, 139-160.
19. Hill, P. B., & Schnell, R. (1990). Was ist Identitaet? [What is identity?] In H. Esser & J. Friedrichs (Eds.), Generation und Identitaet: Theoretische und empirische Beitraege zur Migrationssoziologie [Generation and identity: Theoretical and empirical contributions to a sociology of migration.] (pp. 25-44) Opladen: Wetsdeutscher Verlag.
20. Irwin, M., Tripodi, T., & Bierri, J. (1967). Affective stimulus value and cognitive complexity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 444-5448.
21. Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (1988). Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 778-788.
22. Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (1993). The definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes. Psychological Review, 100, 109-128.
23. Kelly, C. (1989). Political identity and perceived intragroup homogeneity. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 239-250.
24. Linville, P. W., & Fischer, G. W. (1993). Exemplar and abstraction models of perceived group variability and stercotypicality. Social Cognition, 11, 92-125.
25. Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 165-188.
26. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup outgroup perception. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 165-208). New York: Academic Press.
27. Mullen, B. (1991). Group composition, salience, and cognitive representations: The phenomenology of being in a group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 297-323.
28. Mullen, B., & Hu, L.-T. (1989). Perception of ingroup and outgroup variability: A meta-analytic integration. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10, 233-252.
29. North, R. C., Holsti, O. R., Zaninovich, M. G., & Zinnes, D. A. (1963). Content analysis: A handbook with applications for the study of international crisis. Chicago: Northwestern University Press.
30. Oriol, M. (Ed.) (1984). Les variations de l' identité. Etude de revolution de l' identité. culturelle des enfants d' émigrés portugais en France el au Portugal. [Variations of identity. Study of the evolution of cultural identity of Portuguese emigrants' children in France and in Portugal.] Nice: IOKRIC, Université de Nice.
31. Ostrom, T. M., Carpenter, S. L., Sedikidcs, C., & Li, F. (1993). Differential processing of ingroup and outgroup information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 21-34.
32. Park, B., & Judd, C. M. (1990). Measures and models of perceived group variability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 173-191.
33. Park, B., Judd, C., & Ryan, C. (1991). Social categorization and the representation of variability information. European Review af Social Psychology, 2, 211-245.
34. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 123-205). New York: Academic Press.
35. Quattrone, G. A. (1986). On the perception of a group's variability. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 25-48). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
36. Riley, T., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). Interdependent and the social context of impression formation. European Bulletin of Cognitive Psychology, 11, 173-192.
37. Schutz, A. (1970). On the phenomenology and social relations. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38. Sedikides, C. (1997). Differential processing of ingroup and outgroup information: The role of relative group status in permeable boundary groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 121-144.
39. Semin, G. F., & Fiedler, K. (1988). The cognitive functions of linguistic categories in describing persons: Social cognition and language. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 558-568.
40. Simon, B. (1990). Soziale Kategorisierung und differentielle Wahrnehmung von Ingroup- und Outgroup-IIomogeneitaet. [Social categorization and differential perception of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity.] Zeitschrift fuer Sozialpsychologie, 21, 298-313.
41. Simon, B. (1992). The perception of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity: Reintroducing the intcrgroup context. European Review of Social Psychology, 3, 1-30.
42. Simon, B., & Brown, R. (1987). Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minority majority contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 703-711.
43. Simon, B., Glässner-Bayerl, B., & Stratenwerth, I. (1991). Stereotyping and self-stereotyping in a natural intergroup context: The case of heterosexual and homosexual men. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 252-266.
44. Simon, B., & Hamilton, D. L. (1994). Self-stereotyping and social context: The effects of relative in-group size and in-group status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 269-286.
45. Solé, R. (1985). Portugals de France: La Face cachée de l'immigration, (Portuguese of France: The hidden face of immigration.) Le Monde, 19 October, p. 10.
46. Stephan, W. G. (1977). Cognitive differentiation in intergroup perception. Sociometry, 40, 50-58.
47. Tetlock, P. H., Hannum, K. A., & Micheletti, M. (1984). Stability and change in the complexity of senatorial debate: Testing the cognitive versus rhetorical style hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 979- 990.
48. Triandis, H. C. (1972). The analysis of subjective culture, New York: Wiley-lnterscience.
49. Winkelmnn, M. (1994). Cultural shock and adaptation. Journal Counseling and Development, 73, 121-126.
50. Witkm, H. A., Dyk, R. B., Faterson, H. F., Goodenough, D. R., & Karp, S. A. (1962). Psychological Differentiation. New York: Wiley.