Effect of matrix toughness and loading rate on the mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass-fibre/vinyl-ester composites

Composites Science and Technology

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 321-333

  Compston, P ^a,d   Jar, P Y B ^a,e   Burchill, P J ^b   Takahashi, K ^c  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b AERO AND MAR RESEARCH LABORATORY   (Australia)

^c KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRITTLENESS; CRACK PROPAGATION; DEFORMATION; DELAMINATION; DYNAMIC LOADS; FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; IMPACT RESISTANCE; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION;

GLASS FIBER-VINYL ESTER COMPOSITES; POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES;

GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS;

DELAMINATION; FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE; FRACTURE; GLASS FIBER; INTERLAMINAR PROPERTY; LOADING; MATRIX;

EID: 0035241914     PISSN: 02663538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00226-8     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Richarson MOW, Wiseheart MJ. Review of low-velocity impact properties of composite materials. Composites 1996;27A:1123-31.
2. Cantwell WJ, Morton J. The impact resistance of composite materials - a review. Composites 1991;52(5):347-62.
3. Garg AC. Delamination - a damage mode in composites. Eng Fract Mech 1988;29(5):557-84.
4. Davies GAO, Hitchings D, Zhou G. Impact damage and residual strengths of woven fabric glass/polyester laminates. Composites 1996;27A:1147-56.
5. Mahinfalah M, Skordahl RA. The effects of hail damage on the fatigue strength of a graphite/epoxy composite laminate. Comp Struc 1998;42:101-6.
6. Wang H, Vu-Khanh T. Fracture mechanics and mechanisms of impact-indiced delamination in composites. J Comp Mater 1995;29(2):156-78.
7. Wu E, Wang J. Behaviour of stitched laminates under in-plane and tensile transverse impact loading. J Comp Mater 1995;27(17):2254-79.
8. Bibo GA, Hogg PJ. Influence of reinforcement architecture on damage mechanisms and residual strength of glass/epoxy composite systems. Comp Sci Technol 1998;58:803-13.
9. Dransfield K, Baillie C, Mai Y-W. Improving the delamination resistance of CFRP by stitching - a review. Comp Sci Technol 1994;50:305-17.
10. Smiley AJ, Pipes RB. Rate sensitivity of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness in graphite/epoxy and graphite/PEEK composite materials. Comp Sci Technol 1987;29:1-15.
11. Friedrich K, Walter R, Carlsson LA, Smiley AJ, Gillespie JW. Mechanisms for rate effects on interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon/epoxy and carbon/PEEK composites. J Mater Sci 1989;24:3387-98.
12. Maikuma H, Gillespie JW, Wilkins DJ. Mode II interlaminar fracture of the center notch flexural specimen under impact loading. J Comp Mater 1990;24:124-49.
13. Blackman BRK, Dear JP, Kinloch AJ, Macgillivray H, Wang Y, Williams JG, Yayla P. The failure of fibre composites and adhesively bonded fibre composites under high rates of test, Part III. Mixed-mode I/II and mode II loadings. J Mater Sci 1996;31:4467-77.
14. Compston P, Jar P-YB, Davies P. Matrix effect on the static and dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness of glass-fibre marine composites. Composites 1998;29B(4):505-16.
15. Cantwell WJ. The influence of loading rate on the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of composite materials. J Comp Mater 1997;31(4):1364-80.
16. Todo M, Nakamura T, Takahashi K. Mode II interlaminar fracture behaviour of fiber reinforced polyamide composites under static and dynamic loading conditions. In: Proceedings of Thirteenth Annual Technical Conference on Composite Materials. Baltimore (MD). American Society for Composites, 1998. p. 643-4.
17. Cantwell WJ, Blyton M. Influence of loading rate on the interlaminar fracture properties of high performance composites - a review. Appl Mech Rev 1999;52(6):199-212.
18. Davies P. Application of composites in a marine environmen: status and problems. In: Cardon AH, editor. Durability analysis of structural composite systems. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1996.
19. Davies P, Lemoine L, editors. Nautical construction with composite materials. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IFREMER Conference, Paris, 1992.
20. Shenoi RA, Wellicome JF, editors. Composite Materials in Marine Structures. Cambridge: Cambridge Ocean Technology Press, 1993.
21. Dow Plastics. Derakane epoxy vinyl ester resins, technical product information.
22. Guiterrez J, Le Ley F, Hoarau P. A study of the aging of glass fibre resin composites in a marine environment. In: Nautical construction with composite materials. Proceedings of the 3rd IFREMER Conference, Paris, 1992. p. 338.
23. Pham S, Burchill PJ. Toughening of vinyl ester resins with modified polybutadienes. Polymer 1995;36:3279-85.
24. Siebert AR, Guiley CD, Kinloch AJ, Fernando M, Heijnsbrock EPL. Elastomer-modified vinyl ester resins: impact and fatigue resistance. In: Riew CK, Kinloch AJ, editors. Toughened plastics II: novel approaches in science and engineering. American Chemical Society, 1987.
25. Compston P, Jar P-YB, Burchill PJ, Takahashi K. The transfer of matrix toughness to composite mode I interlaminar fracture toughness in glass-fibre/vinyl ester composites. App Comp Mater, submitted for publication.
26. Compston P, Jar P-YB, Burchill PJ, Takahashi K. The effect of matrix toughness and loading rate on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of glass-fibre/vinyl ester composites. ESIS STP, submitted for publication.
27. Burchill PJ, Simpson GJ. Improved interlaminar fracture toughness for vinyl ester resin-fibre glass composites. In: Proceedings of Eleventh International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-11), vol. II. Cambridge (UK): Woodhead Publishing Ltd, 1997. p. 254.
28. Material synthesised by PJ Burchill according to informatoin provided by BF Goodrich.
29. Protocols for interlaminar fracture testing of composites. 1993. Delft (The Netherlands): European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS), 1993.
30. Hull D. An introduction to composite materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
31. Beguelin Ph. Approche experimentale du comportement mecanique des polymeres en sollicitation rapide. PhD thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, 1996 (in French).
32. Todo M, Nakamura T, Mada T, Takahashi K. Measurement of dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness of FRP laminates using dynamic displacement measuring apparatus. Adv Comp Mater 1998;7(3):285-97.
33. Aggag G, Takahashi K. Study of oscillation signals in instrumented charpy impact testing. Polymer Eng Sci 1996;36(17):2260-6.
34. Irwin GR, Kies JA. Critical energy rate analysis of fracture strength. J Welding 1954;19:193.
35. Carlsson LA, Gillespie JW. Mode-Iinterlaminar fracture of composites. In: Friedrich K, editor, Application of fracture mechannics to composites. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.
36. Russell AJ, Street KN. Factors affecting the interlaminar fracture energy of grpahite/epoxy laminates. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-IV), Tokyo, Japan, 1982.
37. Jar P-YB, Mulone R, Davies P, Kausch HH. A study of the effect of forming on the mechanical behaviour of carbon-fibre/PEEK composites. Comp Sci Technol 1993;46:7-19.
38. Beguelin Ph, Kausch HH. A technique for studying the fracture of polymers from low to high loading rates. In: Williams JG, Pavan A, editors, Impact and dynamic fratcure of polymers and composites, ESIS 19. London: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1995.
39. Kusaka T, Kurokawa K, Hojo M, Ochiai S. Estimation of interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP laminates by measuring the surface strain of specimen. Proceedings of JSMS Composites 1996;26:203-4.
40. Bradley W. Relationship of matrix toughness to interlaminar fracture toughness. In: Friedrich K, editor. Application of fracture mechanics to composites. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.
41. Hibbs MF, Tse MK, Bradley WL. Interlaminar fracture toughness and real-time fracture mechansims of some toughened graphite/epoxy composites. In: Johnston NJ, editor. Toughened Composites ASTM STP 937. Philadelphia (PA): American Society for Testing and Materials, 1987.
42. Broek D. Elementary engineering fracture mechanics, 4th ed. Dortrecht (The Netherlands): Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1986.
43. Todo M, Jar PY-B, Takahashi K. Initiation of the mode II interlaminar crack growth from insert film in end-notch-flexure specimens. Comp Sci Technol 2000;60:263-72.
44. Davies P, Kausch HH, Williams JG. Round robin interlaminar fracture testing of carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy and PEEK composites. Comp Sci Technol 1992;43:129-36.
45. Davies P. Influence of ENF specimen geometry and friction on the mode II delamination resistance of carbon/PEEK. J Thermoplastic Comp Mater 1997;10:353-61.
46. Carlsson LA, Gillespie JW, Pipes RB. On the analysis and design of the end-notch-flexure (ENF) specimen for mode II testing. J Comp Mater 1986;20:594-604.
47. IIc: an international round robin. In: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Composites: Testing and Standardisation. London (UK): IOM Communications Ltd, 1998. p. 180-9.