Hypertension and type 2 diabetes comorbidity in adults in the United States: Risk of overall and regional adiposity

Obesity Research

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 1-9

  Okosun, Ike S ^a   Chandra, K M Dinesh ^a   Choi, Simon ^a   Christman, Jacqueline ^a   Dever, G E Alan ^a   Prewitt, T Elaine ^b  

^a MERCER UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Comorbidity; Diabetes; Hypertension

Indexed keywords

PIERINAE;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CAUCASIAN; COMORBIDITY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HISPANIC; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NUTRITION; OBESITY; PHENOTYPE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK; RISK FACTOR; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; UNITED STATES;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION SURVEYS; OBESITY; ODDS RATIO; PHENOTYPE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035228892     PISSN: 10717323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2001.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bakris G, Sowers J, Epstein M, Williams M. Hypertension in patients with diabetes. Why is aggressive treatment essential? Postgrad Med. 2000;107:53-6, 61-4.
2. Sowers JR, Epstein M. Diabetes mellitus and associated hypertension, vascular disease, and nephropathy. An update. Hypertension. 1995;26(6 Pt 1):869-79.
3. Epstein M, Sowers JR. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hypertension. 1992;19:403-18.
4. Weir MR. Diabetes and hypertension: blood pressure control and consequences. Am J Hypertens. 1999;12(12 Pt 1-2): 170S-8S.
5. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on hypertension in diabetes. Hypertension. 1994;23:145-58.
6. Fiori G, Facchini F, Pettener D, Rimondi A, Battistini N, Bedogni G. Relationships between blood pressure, anthropometrie characteristics, and blood lipids in high-and low-altitude populations from Central Asia. Ann Hum Biol. 2000;27:19-28.
7. Resnick HE, Valsania P, Halter JB, Lin X. Differential effects of BMI on diabetes risk among black and white Americans. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1828-35.
8. Rotimi CN, Cooper RS, Okosun IS, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and U.S. blacks. Ethn Dis. 1999;9:190-200.
9. Okosun IS, Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Osotimehin B, Forrester T. Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1836-42.
10. Despres JP, Ross R, Lemeieux S. Imaging techniques applied to the measurement of human body composition. In: Roche AF, Heymsfield SB, Lohman TG, eds. Human Body Composition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1996, pp. 149-66.
11. Garrow J. Body composition for the investigation of obesity. Basic Life Sci. 1990;55:183-90.
12. Cerovska J, Petrasek R, Hajnis K, Kaucka J. Indices of obesity and body composition in four groups of Czech population. Z Morphol Anthropol. 1977;68:213-9.
13. Vanhala MJ, Kumpusalo EA, Pitkajarvi TK, Takala JK. Metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged Finnish population. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1997;4:291-5.
14. Banerji MA, Chaiken RL, Gordon D, Kral JG, Lobvitz HE. Does intra-abdominal adipose tissue in black men determine whether NIDDM is insulin-sensitive? Diabetes. 1995; 44:141-6.
15. Conway JM, Yanovski SZ, Avila NA, Hubbard VS. Visceral adipose tissue differences in black and white women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:765-71.
16. Molarius A, Siedell JC. Selection of anthropometric indicators for classification of abdominal fatness: a critical review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998;22:719-27.
17. Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP. A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal-weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:685-93.
18. Ezzati TM, Massey JT, Waksberg J, Chu A, Maurer KR. Sample design: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital Health Stat 2. 1992;113:1-35.
19. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III: Data Collection Forms. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 1991.
20. Johnson CL, Rifkind BM, Sempos CT, et al. Declining serum total cholesterol levels among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. JAMA. 1993;269:3002-8.
21. Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Diabetes Care. 1998:21:518-24.
22. Westat Inc. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Body Measurements (Anthropometry). Rockville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 1996.
23. American Diabetes Association. Screening for Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998;12(Suppl 1):S20-2.
24. 1988 Joint National Committee. The 1988 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:1023-38.
25. National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. The evidence report. Obes Res. 1998;6:51S-209S.
26. Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ. 1995;311:158-61.
27. Ballard-Barbash R, Schatzkin A, Carter CL, et al. Body fat distribution and breast cancer in the Framingham Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990;82:286-90.
28. Norusis MJ. SPSS for Windows Release 8.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.; 1998.
29. Kolterman OG, Insel J, Seakow M, Olefsky JM. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in human obesity: evidence for receptor and postreceptor defects. J Clin Invest. 1980;65:1272-84.
30. Despres J-P. Dyslipidaemia and obesity. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;8:629-60.
31. Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Hazed HP, Mitchell BD, Morales PA, Stern MP. Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X). Diabetes. 1992;41:715-22.
32. Hanefeld M, Leonhardt W. Das metabolische syndrom. Dtsch Gesundh Wesen. 1981;36:545-51.
33. Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease, 1988. Nutrition. 1997;13:65.
34. Weiderpass E, Persson I, Adami HO, Magnusson C, Lindgren A, Baron JA. Body size in different periods of life, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and risk of postmenopausal endometrial cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2000;11:185-92.
35. Khaodhiar L, McCowen KC, Blackburn GL. Obesity and its comorbid conditions. Clin Cornerstone. 1999;2:17-31.
36. Sowers JR. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Clin Chem. 1998;44(8 Pt 2):1821-5.
37. Han TS, Feskens EJ, Lean ME, Seidell JC. Associations of body composition with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 1998;15:129-35.
38. Ko GT, Chan JC, Woo J, et al. Simple anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997;21:995-1001.
39. Kannel WB, Cupples LA, Ramaswani R, Stroke J, Kreger BE, Higgins M. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44: 183-90.
40. Burke GL, Jacobs DR, Sprafka JM, Savage PJ, Sidney S, Wagenknecht LE. Obesity and overweight in young adults: the CARDIA study. Prev Med. 1990;19:476-88.
41. Folsom AR, Burke GL, Byers CL, et al. Implication of obesity for cardiovascular disease in blacks: the CARDIA and ARIC studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:1604S-11S.
42. Lovejoy JC, de la Bretonne JA, Klemperer M, Tulley R. Abdominal fat distribution and metabolic risk factors: effects of race. Metabolism. 1996;45:1119-24.
43. Albu J, Murphy L, Frager DH, Johnson JA, Pi-Sunyer FX. Visceral fat and race-dependent health risks in obese non-diabetic premenopausal women. Diabetes. 1997;46:456-62.
44. Haffner SM. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome: the San Antonio Heart Study. Br J Nutr. 2000;83(Suppl 1):S67-70.
45. Marshall JA, Hamman RF, Baxter J, et al. Ethnic differences in risk factors associated with the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137:706-18.
46. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R. Visceral obesity and diabetes. Drugs. 1999;58(suppl):13-8.
47. Rosmond R, Holm G, Bjorntorp P. Hypothalamic arousal, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 1999;16:373-83.
48. Salans LB, Knittle JL, Hirsch J. The role of adipose cell size and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the carbohydrate intolerance of human obesity. J Clin Invest. 1968;47:153-65.
49. Bjorntorp P. Fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance: which comes first? Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:166-74.
50. Evans DJ, Murray R, Kissebah AH. Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding: effects of obesity and body fat topography. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:1515-25.
51. Dowling HJ, Fried SK, Pi-Sunyer FX. Insulin resistance in adipocytes of obese women: effects of body fat distribution and race. Metabolism. 1995;44:987-95.
52. Landis JR, Lepkowski JM, Eklund SA, Stehouwer SA. A statistical methodology for analyzing data from a complex survey: the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital Health Stat 2. 1982;92:1-52.
53. Fagard RH. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the obese. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999; 31(Suppl 11):S624-30.
54. Esparza J, Fox C, Harper IT, et al. Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:55-9.