Contrasts in tick innate immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi challenge: Immunotolerance in Ixodes scapularis versus immunocompetence in Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 99-107

  Johns, Robert ^b   Ohnishi, Jun ^a,b   Broadwater, Anne ^a,b   Sonenshine, Daniel E ^b   De Silva, Aravinda M ^a,b   Hynes, Wayne L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Borrelia burgdorferi; Dermacentor variabilis; Immunocompetence; Immunotolerance; Ixodes scapularis

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CELL COUNT; DERMACENTOR; FEMALE; HEMOLYMPH; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; IXODES; MICROBIOLOGY; RABBIT; RAT;

ANIMALS; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP; CELL COUNT; DERMACENTOR; FEMALE; HEMOCYTES; HEMOLYMPH; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IXODES; RABBITS; RATS;

EID: 0035228020     PISSN: 00222585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.1.99     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Burgdorfer, W., S. F. Hayes, and D. Corwin. 1989. Pathophysiology of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid ticks. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11: S1442-1450. CDC 1999. MMWR 47:10.
2. Burgdorfer, W., S. F. Hayes, and D. Corwin. 1989. Pathophysiology of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid ticks. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11: S1442-1450. CDC 1999. MMWR 47:10.
3. Coleman, J. L., J. A. Gebbia, J. Piesman, J. L Degen, T. H. Bugge, and J. L. Benach. 1997. Plasminogen is required for efficient dissemination of B. burgdorferi in ticks and for enhancement of spirochetemia in mice. Cell 89: 1111-1119.
4. de Silva, A. M., and E. Fikrig. 1995. Growth and migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks during blood feeding. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 53: 397-404.
5. Johns, R., D. E. Sonenshine, and W. L. Hynes. 1998. Control of bacterial infections in the hard tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say): evidence for the existence of antimicrobial proteins in tick hemolymph. J. Med. Entomol 35: 458-464.
6. Johns, R., D. E. Sonenshine, and W. L. Hynes. 2000. Response of the tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) to hemocoelic inoculation of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochetales). J. Med. Entomol 37: 265-270.
7. Johnson, R. C., G. P. Schmid, F. W. Hyde, A. G. Steigerwalt, and D. J. Brenner. 1984. Borrelia burgdorferi sp.nov: etiologic agent of Lyme disease. Int. J. Bacteriol. 34: 496-497.
8. Kühn, K. H., and T. Haug. 1994. Ultrastructure, cytochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of hemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Chelicerata). Cell Tissue Res 277: 493-504.
9. Kurtti, T. J., U. G. Munderloh, D. E. Krueger, R. C. Johnson, and T. G. Schwan. 1993. Adhesion to and invasion of cultured tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) cells by Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) and maintenance of infectivity. J. Med. Entomol 30: 586-596.
10. Lane, R. S., J. Piesman, and W. Burgdorfer. 1991. Lyme borreliosis: Relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North American and Europe. Annu. Rev. Entomol 36: 587-609.
11. Mather, T. N., and M. E. Mather. 1990. Intrinsic competency of three ixodid ticks (Acari) as vectors of Lyme disease spirochetes. J. Med. Entomol 27: 646-650.
12. Mather, T. N., M. T. Yeh, J.M.C. Ribeiro, A. Scorpio, D. R. Nelson, and R. T. Coughlin. 1996. Ixodes saliva: vector competence for Borrelia burgdorferi and potential vaccine strategies. VII International Congress on Lyme Borreliosis, San Francisco, CA, June (abstr.).
13. Munderloh, U. G., and T. J. Kurtti. 1995. Cellular and molecular interrelationships between ticks and prokaryotic tick-borne pathogens. Annu. Rev. Entomol 40: 221-243.
14. Oliver, J. H., Jr., P. R Wilkinson, and G. M. Kohls. 1974. Observations on hybridization of three species of North American Dermacentor ticks. J. Parasitol 58: 380-84.
15. Piesman, J. 1995. Dispersal of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to salivary glands of feeding nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol 32: 519-521.
16. Piesman, J., and R. G. Sinsky. 1988. Ability of Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) to acquire, maintain, and transmit Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi). J. Med. Entomol 25: 336-339.
17. Podboronov, V. M. 1991. Antibacterial protective mechanisms of ixodid ticks. Modern Acarol. 2: 375-380.
18. Ribeiro, J.M.C., T. N. Mather, J. Piesman, and A. Spielman. 1987. Disseminated and salivary delivery of Lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol 24: 201-205.
19. Sonenshine, D. E. 1993. Biology of ticks, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, New York.
20. Zhu, Z. 1998. Histological observations on Borrelia burgdorferi growth in naturally infected female Ixodes ricinus. Acarologia 34: 11-22.
21. Zung, J. L., S. Lewengrub, and M. A. Rudzinska. 1989. Fine structural evidence for the penetration of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi thorugh the gut and salivary tissues of Ixodes dammini. Can. J. Zool. 67:1737-1748.