Goal Orientations and the Search for Confirmatory Affect

Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied

Volumn 135, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 5-16

  McIntosh, William D ^a   Jones, Jennings B ^a   Martin, Leonard L ^b  

^a GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (Georgia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Affect; Goals; Happiness; Linking

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ADULT; AFFECT; ATTITUDE; COGNITION; FEMALE; GOALS; HUMANS; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 0035221106     PISSN: 00223980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00223980109603676     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1981). The role of coping responses and social resources in attenuating the stress of life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 139-157.
2. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19-35.
3. Chen, N. (1997). Individual differences in answering the four questions of happiness: What do you want? Why do you want it? Are you going to get it? How do you know you have it? Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Georgia.
4. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Research.
5. Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being: A nomothetic and ideographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 926-935.
6. Dweck, C. S. (1991). Self-theories and goals: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 38, pp. 198-235). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
7. Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522-527.
8. Gilgen, A. R., & Cho, J. H. (1979). Questionnaire to measure Eastern and Western thought. Psychological Reports, 44, 835-841.
9. Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
10. Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
11. Hirt, E. R., Melton, R. J., McDonald, H. E., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1997). The role of mood in quantitative and qualitative aspects of performance: Single or multiple mechanisms? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 602-629.
12. Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), The handbook of social cognition (Vol. 13, pp. 1-47). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
13. Martin, L. L., Ward, D. W., Achee, J. W., & Wyer, R. S. (1993). Mood as input: Individuals have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 317-326.
14. McIntosh, W. D. (1996). When does goal nonattainment lead to negative emotional reactions, and when doesn’t it? The role of linking and rumination. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), Striving and feeling: Interactions between goals, affect, and self-regulation (pp. 53-78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. McIntosh, W. D., Harlow, T. F., & Martin, L. L. (1995). Linkers and nonlinkers: The relation between goal beliefs, rumination, and depression. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1231-1244.
16. McIntosh, W. D., & Martin, L. L. (1992). The cybernetics of happiness: The relation between goal attainment, rumination, and affect. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 14, pp. 222-246). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
17. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 287-299.
18. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1991). Essentials of behavioral research: Methods and data analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.
19. Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 81(1, Whole No. 609).
20. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 201-228.
21. Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 527-561). New York: Guilford.
22. Scott-West, M. (1996). Subjective goal hierarchies and reactivity to goal discrepancies. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Georgia.
23. Swann, W. B., & Giuliano, T. (1987). Confirmatory search strategies in social interactions: How, when, why, and with what consequences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 511-524.
24. Watson, D. (1988). The vicissitudes of mood measurement: Effects of varying descriptors, time frames, and response formats on measures of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 128-141.