Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years

Proceedings of the Annual IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium

Volumn , Issue , 2001, Pages 4-17

  Sullivan, D B ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROADCASTING; COMPUTER PROGRAMMING; CONSTRAINT THEORY; OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERSION; SPURIOUS SIGNAL NOISE; STATISTICAL METHODS;

ATOMIC FREQUENCY;

TIME MEASUREMENT;

EID: 0035166094     PISSN: 01616404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (77)

1. A historical review of atomic frequency standards
2. History of atomic clocks
3. Testing of timepieces
4. Reducing the guesswork in tuning
5. The national primary standard of radio frequency
6. Lord Kelvin on atoms as fundamental natural standards
7. The first atomic clock program: NBS, 1947-1954
8. The atomic clock
9. The molecular beam resonance method for measuring nuclear magnetic moments
10. The method of successive oscillatory fields
11. Atomic standard of frequency and time interval
12. Frequency of cesium in terms of ephemeris time
13. NBS-4 and NBS-6: The NBS primary frequency standards
14. The NIST optically pumped cesium frequency standard
15. A new cavity configuration for cesium beam primary frequency standards
16. Precision measurements with molecular beams
17. Rf spectroscopy in an atomic fountain
18. Preliminary accuracy evaluation of a cesium fountain frequency standard
19. Preliminary accuracy evaluation of a cesium fountain primary frequency standard at NIST
20. First comparison of remote cesium fountains
21. + ions
22. Laser-cooled mercury ion frequency standard
23. +
24. Accurate measurement of large optical frequency differences with a mode-locked laser
25. Direct link between microwave and optical frequencies with a 300 THz optical comb
26. + and Ca optical clock transitions with a femtosecond laser
27. Radiation-pressure cooling of bound resonant absorbers
28. Laser cooling of atoms
29. Laser declaration of an atomic beam
30. Speed of light from direct frequency and wavelength measurements of the methane-stabilized laser
31. A new determination of the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity - The speed of light constant
32. A comparison of the various methods of determining the ratio of the electromagnetic to the electrostatic unit of electricity
33. 2-stabilized He-Ne 473-THz (633-nm) laser
34. Direct frequency measurements of transitions at 520 THz (576 nm) in iodine and 260 THz (1.15 m) in neon
35. Documents concerning the new definition of the metre
36. The standard-frequency set at WWV
37. Experimental standard-frequency broadcast at 60 kilocycles
38. New standard frequency broadcasts
39. WWVB improvements: New power from an old timer
40. Dissemination of time and frequency by satellite
41. NBS time to the western hemisphere by satellite
42. The NIST automated computer time service
43. A telephone-based time dissemination system
44. Time synchronization using the Internet
45. Calibrating crystal oscillators with TV color-reference signals
46. The use of television signals for time and frequency distribution
47. Nationwide precise time and frequency distribution utilizing an active code within network television broadcasts
48. Effects of long-term stability on the definition and measurement of short-term stability
49. Atomic timekeeping and the statistics of precision signal generators
50. Statistics of atomic frequency standards
51. Characterization of clocks and oscillators
52. Draft revision of IEEE std 1139-1988 standard definitions of physical quantities for fundamental frequency and time metrology - Random instabilities
53. The total deviation approach to long-term characterization of frequency stability
54. The measurement of frequency and frequency stability of precision oscillators
55. Automated high-accuracy phase measurement system
56. Measurement of frequency, phase noise and amplitude noise
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58. Relationship of AM and PM noise in selected rf and microwave oscillators
59. Cs frequency synthesis: A new approach
60. A comparison of two independent atomic time scales
61. The NBS-A time scale - Its generation and dissemination
62. The National Bureau of Standards atomic time scales: Generation, dissemination, stability, and accuracy
63. Recent improvements in the atomic time scales of the National Bureau of Standards
64. Impact of new high stability frequency standards on the performance of the NIST AT1 time scale
65. An NBS calibration procedure for providing time and frequency at a remote site by weighting and smoothing of GPS common-view data
66. Precision and accuracy of GPS time transfer
67. NIST-USNO time comparisons using two-way satellite time transfers
68. Assessment of GPS carrier-phase stability for time-transfer applications
69. Atomic beam frequency standards