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Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 44-56

Frederick Knox, younger brother and assistant of Dr. Robert Knox: His contribution to Knox's Catalogues

a Department of Biomedical Sciences ^* (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Comparative anatomy museum; Dr Robert Knox; Frederick Knox; Knox's catalogues; Teaching museum

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; DATA ANALYSIS; DOCUMENTATION; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; INFORMATION CENTER; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PEER REVIEW; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SURGEON; SURGICAL ANATOMY; TEACHING; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANATOMY; ANIMALS; BONE AND BONES; CATALOGS; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; MUSEUMS; SCOTLAND;

EID: 0035135298 PISSN: 00358835 EISSN: None Source Type: Journal
DOI: None Document Type: Review

Times cited : (4)

References (88)

1
- 0006209577
- Robert Knox's catalogue
- (1955) J Hist Med Allied Sci , vol.10 , pp. 269-276
- Ross, J.A.¹ Taylor, H.W.Y.²

2
- 0006151299
- This is the Rev. Joseph Goodsir, an eminent scholar and divine, and brother of Professor John Goodsir, Professor of Anatomy from 1846-1867, pupil and lifelong friend of Dr Robert Knox. See: Anon. The late John Anatomy in the University of Edinburgh
- (1867) Edin Med J , vol.12 , pp. 959-963

3
- 0006194439
- Anon. Goodsir, John (1814-1867), 8: Oxford Oxford University Press, 137-39. According to Ross and Taylor, Robert Knox's catalogue, the initials on the bookplate are "I.T. Goodsir."
- (1959) FRS Dict Nat Biog , pp. 270

4
- 0006161459
- A Sketch of the Life and Writings of Robert Knox the Anatomist. By his Pupil and Colleague. London: Macmillan & Co. 1870
- Lonsdale, H.¹

5
- 0006240147
- Ross and Taylor, Robert Knox's catalogue

6
- 0006193931
- This clearly cannot be the case, as many of the "Notes" in the manuscript catalogue are signed and dated by Frederick Knox from as early as April 1833. These "Notes" are appended to the principal catalogue in Frederick's hand and therefore must antedate these "Notes" in some cases by a number of years. See: Lonsdale, Robert Knox, see p. 195

7
- 0006189018
- He noted: "Anatomical collections, for example, for the mere teaching the student human elementary anatomy should, probably, contain nothing more than a few human skeletons of all ages; sets of the separate bones, Varieties of healthy structures, wherever occurring, preserved as well as may be. All other preparations are not only useless, but positively injurious. This is my matured and deliberate opinion after an experience active professional life. Minutely dissected and set-up preparations, as they are called, of various intricate points in normal elementary anatomy merely encourage indolence, and do not even show what they are intended R. Anatomical Museums; their Objects and Present Condition [Being the substance of a lecture delivered before the Pathological Society of Birmingham, the Professors and Students of Queens College, Birmingham, Edinburgh and in Glasgow]. Med Times 1846; 14: 307-9, 327-8, p. 308.

8
- 0006161636
- He was a leading Freemason in Edinburgh, and is said to have taken part in the laying of the Foundation Stone of the Old College of the University of Edinburgh on November 16th 1789.

9
- 0006208669
- She died in 1836, and was predeceased by her husband who died in October 1812. See: Anon. Knox, Robert (1791-1862). London: Oxford University Press, 331-3,
- (1963) Dict Nat Biog , vol.11 , pp. 331

10
- 0006161637
- Frederick's date of birth was April 3
- (1794)

11
- 0006157474
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox, see p. 4. A brief item was published in The Medical Times of March 20 1841: "We regret to be told, on good authority, that Dr Knox quits Edinburgh this spring for Australia. The unknown." This item continued: "The Australias and New Zealand appear to afford prospects to men of talent, energy, and enterprise, - and we do not see why they should not, after acquiring the profession of physic, sure...a sure trade when all else fails." The possibility exists therefore that the author of this item got confused about the information he received from his source. While Dr Robert Knox left Edinburgh for Britain for the Antipodes. See: "Publicola." Dr Knox, the great teacher of anatomy in Scotland.
- (1841) Med Times , vol.78 , pp. 289

12
- 0006208670
- "In 1824 he [i.e. Dr Knox] privately married a person beneath him in station, and thus greatly injured his prospects. His wife died in 1841, having borne him six children, of whom only one son, Edward, survived the proceeds [from the publication of his popular books and papers in the popular periodicals] enabled him to keep his family in Edinburgh. ... In May 1854 the death of his son Robert greatly distressed him." See: Anon, During most of the time that Knox lectured on anatomy, his family home was at 4 Newington Place, Edinburgh. The last official listing for him at this address appears in the 1844-1845 Directory. It is relevant that a in the Directory at this address during the 1830s and her last listing at this address is also in the 1844-1845 Directory. This strongly suggests that the family retained this house until about that time, when they possibly rented, premises and, if the latter hypothesis is correct, would not be expected to appear in subsequent Directories.

13
- 0006204437
- William Fergusson's probationary FRCSEdin essay is dedicated to Robert Knox

14
- 0006194440
- Fergusson was elected Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary in 1836, and shared with Syme the best surgical practice in Scotland. In 1840, he moved to London when he accepted the professorship of surgery at King's College Anon. Fergusson, Sir William (1808-1877). Dict Nat Biog Oxford: University Press
- (1959) , vol.6 , pp. 1229-1231

15
- 0006248313
- For additional biographical details, see: Anon. Biographical sketch of Professor Fergusson, F.R.S., surgeon to King's College Hospital, and surgeon to Prince Albert.
- (1851) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 680-685

16
- 0006243691
- Anon. Sir William Fergusson, Bart F.R.S. Sergeant-Surgeon to Her Majesty the Queen; Senior-Surgeon to King's College Hospital; etc.
- (1877) Brit Med J , vol.1 , pp. 240-242

17
- 0006248314
- Anon. Obituary. Sir William Fergusson, Bart., F.R.S.
- (1877) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 255-258

18
- 0006154231
- Anon Obituary. Sir William Fergusson, Bart, FRCS
- (1877) Edin Med J , vol.22 , pp. 856-861

19
- 0006154232
- The spelling in the contemporary literature is usually "Argyll," although the spelling in the contemporary Post Office Annual Directories is "Argyle."

20
- 0006236881
- Anon. Reid, John (1809-1849). London: Oxford University Press
- (1959) Dict Nat Biog , vol.16 , pp. 875

21
- 0006208671
- The full title of the 1832 Anatomy Act is as follows: "An Act for regulating Schools of Anatomy," and this superseded the 1752 Act which was entitled: "An Act for better preventing the horrid Crime of Murder."

22
- 0006243692
- The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh: Anatomy in the early days
- (New Series) 141-56
- (1914) Edin Med J , vol.12 , pp. 154-156
- Cresswell, C.H.¹

23
- 0006223459
- According to part of the preamble to the 1832 Anatomy Act, "And whereas the legal Supply of Human Bodies for such Anatomical Examination is insufficient fully to provide the Means of such Knowledge: And whereas, supply Human Bodies for such Purposes, divers great and grievous Crimes have been committed, and lately Murder, for the single Object of selling for such Purposes the Bodies of the Persons so murdered: ..." See: Anon. general Statutes, passed in the Second and Third Year of the Reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth: Being the Second Session of the Tenth Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cap. LXXV Schools of Anatomy. 1st August 1832. London: George Eyre & Andrew Spottiswoode, 1832, 713-8, p. 713.

24
- 0006254583
- Writing in Knox noted: "The fate of the private collections should prove a warning not merely to individuals, but even to corporate bodies. The collection of the late Dr Monro sold well, but that was purely that of Sir Charles Bell; the rest proved ruinous to those who made them." See: Knox, Anatomical Museums
- (1846) , pp. 309

25
- 0006254584
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox

26
- 0006223460
- Evidence that, at least at that time, Dr Knox had absolute faith in his brother's judgement with regard to taking decisions about his private affairs.

27
- 0019018405
- The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
- Even before his appointment as Conservator of the College's Museum of Comparative Anatomy, Knox played a critical role in receiving, arranging and cataloguing Bell's osteological collection which had been purchased 1825. For details of the preparation of the College's manuscript catalogue of this material, and the original printed catalogue of the Great Windmill Street School on which this is based, see: Tansey V & Mekie DEC. 188-93
- (1980) J R Coll Surg Edin , vol.25 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 192

28
- 0006254585
- It was not possible for the College to accept the Barclay Collection until suitable premises was available to adequately display them. This collection had been offered to the College on two conditions, namely that built to house this collection, and secondly that it should be associated with his name in perpetuity. See: Tansey V & Mekie DEC. Report of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 67-75, Tansey & College of Surgeons, Part 3 248-56, pp. 248-51.
- (1980) J R Coll Surg Edin , vol.25 , pp. 71-73

29
- 0006154399
- In the "Old Catalogue," a lengthy "Note" has been inserted that Ross and Taylor believed refers to the transfer of the 120 preparations in Barclay's collection from Knox's care into that of the College. This is "Preparations in Comparative Anatomy removed from Dr Knox's Premises Sept. 1828." They were of the view that this heading and the following list, with no associated descriptive details of the individual either Robert or Frederick Knox. See: Ross & Taylor, Robert Knox's catalogue, p. 273. It is this author's belief that this list was in fact written by Dr Robert Knox. There must also be considerable doubt whether interpretation, as one of the most impressive items in Barclay's collection, the articulated skeleton of an Indian elephant presented to him by Dr George Ballingall, does not appear in this list.

30
- 0006202410
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox

31
- 0006194441
- See, for example, the text associated with preparation 244: "Cast of the cranium of a female Dugong from the same quarter as the above No. 243. The cranium was prepared by F.J.K. and placed by him in the Museum of the of Edin. See Dr K's paper on the Dugong in the Royal S. Trans. Vol.: ..." [No additional details provided]. According to Lonsdale, Robert Knox, see p. 163: "On December 21, 1829, and January 18, 1830, Knox read the dentition of the Dugong;" to which are added, "Observations illustrating the anatomical structure and natural history of certain of the cetacea."
- Trans. Royal Soc. Edin. , vol.11 , pp. 389-417

32
- 0006239055
- For example, see: Knox FJ. Account of the rorqual, the skeleton of which is now exhibiting in the Great Rooms of the Royal Institution, Princes Street. Edinburgh: A. Balfour & Company, printers [Pamphlet, 15 pp.], Catalogue of anatomical preparations illustrative of the whale, particularly the great northern rorqual (Balaena maximus borealis), now exhibiting in the pavilion, North College Street. Edinburgh: Neill & Co., or whales with baleen. Trans New Zealand Instit 1870; 2: 21-6. [The building designed by Playfair at the bottom of the Mound was firstly occupied by the Royal Institution until 1838, and then by the Royal Royal Charter from Queen Victoria. See: Gordon E. Royal Scottish Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture 1826-1976. Edinburgh: Charles Skilton Ltd., 1976]. For further details of this Rorqual and the various prepared by Dr Robert Knox and Frederick Knox.

33
- 0006236882
- Knox F.J. The Anatomist's Instructor, and Museum Companion: being practical directions for the formation and subsequent management of anatomical museums. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black; London: Longman, Longman, 1836. [152 pp., dedicated to Frederick Tiedemann, Professor of Anatomy in the University of Hiedelberg] [The second edition was entitled: Knox FJ. The Anatomist's Instructor and Complete Guide to Thin, 1854].

34
- 0006162732
- At the same time, he may have taken this opportunity to criticise the views expressed by his brother in the Preface to his monograph on anatomical museums. See: Knox, Anatomical Museums.

35
- 0006154401
- Knox, Anatomical Museums. He reported that "The Museums of the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh and London, as they now stand, are collections of all sorts of heterogeneous preparations and objects having very remote other; nine-tenths of the preparations are altogether useless in practice (see p. 307). He continued: "Mr John Lizars' museum must have cost in its formation at least £3,000; when sold privately a short time since it then, when attempted to be re-sold, it did not realise £250. In the meantime the profession has abandoned visiting the extensive pathological museums of the colleges - that of the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, most liberal way to the whole profession, is never visited by the Practical men, it has been said, take no interest in museums"

36
- 0006162733
- Information is provided in the "Old Catalogue" with regard to the source of only five subjects. Thus preparation 347 was derived from a "patient from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh;" according to the preparation 403, "The patient was an old man who died in the Royal Infirmary of an affection of the lungs;" in the case of preparation 622, "Death occurred 6 days after delivery - several occurred at about that - from Lying-in-hospital;" preparation 643, "Female brought in from the Charity Workhouse;" in the case of preparation 649, "Female patient from the Infirmary - with delerium tremens." These must have been rooms before the implementation of the 1832 Anatomy Act.

37
- 0006157658
- Preparation 2 (acquired on March 31 1832), preparations 3-5 (acquired on various dates during April 1832), preparation 8 (acquired in May 1832), preparation 9 (acquired in June 1832), preparation 10 (acquired in July preparation 11 (acquired in August 1832) and preparations 13-17 (acquired on various dates during September 1832).

38
- 0006222277
- This was Mr William Macgillivray, who later went to Aberdeen University.

39
- 0006236883
- from 1804-1854 professor of natural history in the University of Edinburgh, when he was succeeded by Edward Forbes. See: Anon. Jameson, Robert (1774-1854). London: Oxford University Press
- (1963) Dict Nat Biog , vol.10 , pp. 671-672
- Robert, J.¹

40
- 0006236884
- Anon. Forbes, Edward (1815-1854). London: Oxford University Press
- (1963) Dict Nat Biog , vol.7 , pp. 388-392

41
- 0006193932
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox

42
- 0006236885
- The human osteological series that constituted the majority of Knox's teaching collection consisted of the following preparations: 1-38, crania with/without the lower jaw, with examples from various racial groups; various disarticulated cranial bones, for example, occipital, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid, frontal, parietal, maxillary, palatal, turbinate, lachrymal, nasal, malar, vomer; 212-321, calvaria including examples of orientations, facial bones, hyoid, etc., etc.; 322-377, isolated vertebrae and articulated vertebral columns; 378-404, sterna; 405-435, ribs; 436-467, ossa innominata; 468-486, intact pelvises; 487-527, humeri; 593-616, ulnas; 617-640, radiuses; 641-680, carpal bones; 681-687, articulated pectoral and pelvic extremities; 688-723, femurs; 724-749, fibulae; 750-790, tibias; 791-852, individual and articulated (osteoide); 853-941, examples of cartilage from fishes and from the human knee joint, all with detailed descriptions; 942-969.

43
- 0006212074
- A Fellow of the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Dissector: or System of Practical Anatomy; for the use of students in the dissecting room. Edinburgh: P. Rickard; London: J.B. Bailliere, 1837 [It Knox was the author of this book; with no illustrations]

44
- 0006202411
- The Dublin Dissector or Manual of Anatomy; comprising a description of the bones, muscles, vessels, nerves, and viscera, also the relative anatomy of the different regions of the human body, together with the elements of pathology
- 5th Edition. Dublin: Hodges & Smith; London: Longman & Company; Simpkin & Marshall; Edinburgh: Maclachlan & Stewart, and Carfrae & Son; Glasgow: C. Dewar, 1838 with no illustrations].
- Harrison, R.¹

45
- 0006240148
- In the Autumn of 1821, Dr Robert Knox obtained permission from the army to study for a year on the Continent. He spent most of this period in Paris studying under the tutelage of Cuvier, Geoffrey St.-Hilaire, De He returned to Edinburgh at the end of 1822 and remained on half-pay from the army until 1832. See: Anon, Knox

46
- 0006157659
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox

47
- 0006157660
- Some of the older schools of anatomy connected with the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh
- (1882) Edin Med J , vol.27 , pp. 769-781
- Cathcart, C.W.¹

48
- 0006194442
- Anon, Knox, p. 332. See also: Anon. The late Dr Robert Knox.
- (1863) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 19-20

49
- 0006223461
- "Only a few of the specimens from this (i.e. Knox's) collection were transferred to the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons." See: Tansey & Mekie, The Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh,
- , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 192

50
- 0006161915
- In the Minutes of the College Council of 15 May 1826, it is noted that Knox was appointed Conservator of the College's Museum of Comparative Anatomy. Subsequently, he became Conservator of the Pathology Museum, and after the College had acquired the Barclay Collection of Comparative Anatomy, did the two posts merge. See: Tansey & Mekie, Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons
- , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 188-193

51
- 0006239056
- Knox offered his resignation to the College Council in a letter to the President dated 9 June 1831 (College Papers, Reference: CR Sed 1 July 1831. This file also contains the letter from Frederick Knox addressed to informing them of his brother's whereabouts after he had offered the President his resignation) due to a difference of opinion with James Syme who, in 1829, had been appointed one of the Curators of the College Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
- , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 253

52
- 0006162469
- Information supplied by Mrs Sheena Jones, Museum Secretary, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

53
- 0006212075
- Anon. Catalogue of Preparations, &c. in Morbid, Natural, and Comparative Anatomy, Contained in the Museum of the Army Medical Department, Fort Pitt, Chatham. London: Richard Taylor, 1833 [Catalogue in 3 parts: Part functions; Class 2, natural functions; Class 3, animal functions, Class 4, generative functions, Class 5, malformations, Class 6, paintings, drawings, prints, casts; Part II, natural anatomy; Part III, Comparative anatomy], Part III,

54
- 0006248315
- Anon. Catalogue of the collection of Mammalia and Birds in the Museum of the Army Medical Department at Fort Pitt, Chatham. Chatham: Printed by James Burrill
- (1838)

55
- 0006154233
- Specimen of Vespertilio murinus (see p. 238), 2. articulated skeleton of Erinaceus europaeus (see p. 238), 3. articulated skeleton of Putorius vulgaris (see p. 238), 4. articulated skeleton of Astur nisus (see p. 243).

56
- 0006240149
- Analysis of the 1845 and 1892 printed Catalogues of the Army Medical Department's Museum, which exclusively dealt with the human anatomical and pathological specimens was uninformative, as the sources of the listed were not provided. See: Williamson G (Editor). Catalogue of Preparations &c. in Morbid Anatomy and Experimental Physiology, Contained in the Museum of the Army Medical Department, Fort Pitt, Chatham. London: Aitken W. Descriptive Catalogue of the Pathological Specimens contained in the Museum of the Army Medical Department, Netley. 3rd Edition, Volume 1. London: H.M.S.O., by Harrison & Sons. 1892. The fate of the natural unclear. It is believed that a number of these were transferred to the Natural History Museum in London.

57
- 0006162735
- Knox also purchased for his own library the latest works on all aspects of human and comparative anatomy published by all of the British and Continental authors as soon as they appeared. In this regard, he was draw the latest views of these authors to the attention of his class, whether he agreed with them or otherwise. He had always been keenly interested in comparative anatomy, and used his profound knowledge of explanation of human morphological detail.

58
- 0006212077
- Examples of cervical ribs from five human subjects and from one animal species are still available in the Anatomical Museum. All of these specimens were described in detail in one or other paper, and three of also illustrated. The animal species still represented in the collection is from the A1̈ (the three-toed sloth), said to be the only mammalian species that does not possess seven cervical veretebrae. Knox speculated papers the possible origin of the 8th and 9th cervical vertebrae in this species. Knox also noted that the Unan [sic; possibly the Unau] (the two-toed sloth) possesses only seven cervical vertebrae. See: Knox R. Physiology. The cervical ribs in man: a memoir. Lond Med Gazette 1843; 33: 136-45.

59
- 0006189019
- Contributions to Anatomy and Physiology. Supplementary observations to the preceding memoir: describing more minutely the anatomical preparations illustrating the anatomy of the cervical ribs. 1843
- (1843) Lond Med Gazette , vol.33 , pp. 166-172
- Knox, R.¹

60
- 0006161640
- According to Kitchiner, the '103' refers to Knox's Catalogue of Anatomical Preparations ... of 1838. See: Knox FJ. Catalogue of anatomical preparations illustrative of the whale, particularly the great maximus borealis), now exhibiting in the pavilion, North College Street. Edinburgh: Neil & Co., 1838.

61
- 0006204438
- According to the National Museums of Scotland Cetacean Catalogue, a number of specimens that were originally in the collection of Frederick and Robert Knox were transferred, over the years, to the National Museums Edinburgh, mostly from the Anatomical Museum, University of Edinburgh. This catalogue lists a total of 10 specimens, including a number of articulated skeletons: Catalogue Reference Numbers: NMSZ 199.44.3; 1986.16; 1981.57.381; 1981.57.136; 1981.57.559; 1981.57.566. See: Herman JS. Cetacean specimens in the National Museums of Scotland. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland, 1992. Details of a number of these Turner's Catalogue. See: Turner W. The marine mammals in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh. London: Macmillan & Co., 1912.

62
- 0006154832
- The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-1983. The first two hundred years. Edinburgh: Royal Society, 1983, p. 156. While both mammalian and avian specimens originally from Knox were transferred to the National Museums now only possible to trace a few of these specimens because the information originally associated with them was not retained. However, information is still available regarding a number of the cetacean National Museums of Scotland that were formerly in Knox's collection. See previous reference.
- Campbell, N.¹ Smellie, R.M.S.²

63
- 0006186123
- The blue whale skeleton from North Berwick displayed at the Royal Institution was presented by the Edinburgh Town Council to the National Museum of Science and Technology, and is presently displayed in the National Museums of Scotland, Royal Scottish Museums, in Chambers Street, Edinburgh.

64
- 0006187864
- Struthers had graduated with the Edinburgh M.D. in 1845, gaining his FRCSEdin in the same year.

65
- 0006187865
- Cathcart, Schools of anatomy

66
- 0006209579
- Anon, Knox

67
- 0006161641
- When Spence retired in 1846, and Handyside temporarily withdrew from teaching anatomy in 1847, "He [i.e. Struthers] became the owner of Knox's specimens, and as conservator of the museum of this college [the of Edinburgh] knew Barclay's collection well." See: Keith A. (1912). Anatomy in Scotland during the lifetime of Sir John Struthers. Edin Med J (New Series) pp. 9, 20
- (1912) , vol.8 , pp. 7-33

68
- 84965328188
- Anon. Obituary. Sir John Struthers, M.D., F.R.C.S.E., L.L.D. Emeritus Professor of Anatomy in the University of Aberdeen; Vice-President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
- (1899) Brit Med J , vol.1 , pp. 561-563

69
- 0006157661
- Anon. Obituary. Sir John Struthers, M.D., L.L.D.
- (1899) Edin Med J , vol.5 , pp. 433-434

70
- 0006243693
- Anon. Obituary. Sir John Struthers, M.D., FRCS Edin., L.L.D. Glasg., Emeritus Professor of Anatomy in the University of Aberdeen. See also: Keith, Sir John Struthers.
- (1899) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 612-615

71
- 0006161642
- Keith, Sir John Struthers

72
- 0006162470
- No Manuscript or printed catalogue listing the specimens that Struthers may have taken with him from Edinburgh to Aberdeen has yet been located in the Special Collections Section of Aberdeen University Library Mrs. Margaret Moyer, Secretary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen].

73
- 0006236887
- Frederick Knox was awarded the L.R.C.S. Edin. Diploma in 1831. See: Anon. Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Act of Parliament (13th Victoria, Chap. XXIII.) for enabling Her Majesty to Grant a New Charter to the Royal Warrant for a New Charter, Dated 11th March 1851; Together with Chronological Lists of Members and Fellows, of Presidents and of Honorary Fellows, from the earliest record (August 1581) to the date of the the Royal College of Surgeons, by Robert Hardie & Co. 1851 [Supplement: List of Licentiates, from 1st January 1815 to 1st January 1859].

74
- 0006222278
- According to the 1832-1833 Post Office Annual Directory, he lived at 7 West Preston Street, Edinburgh. From 1833-1834 until 1836-1837, his address is given as 6 West Preston Street, after which time his name no Directory. See: Anon. Post Office Directory, 1832-1833 to 1836-37. He emigrated to New Zealand with his wife and children in 1840. See: Footnote 75.

75
- 0006248316
- Knox, Account of the Rorqual; Knox, The Anatomist's Instructor.

76
- 0006222279
- Anon, Knox

77
- 0006186124
- Some remarks on the placental tufts described by Weber; and on their distribution and supposed functions
- (New Series)
- (1840) Lond Med Gazette , vol.1 , pp. 209-213
- Knox, R.¹

78
- 0006189020
- Anon, Knox

79
- 0006187866
- The original text reads as follows: "The next opportunity of examining the impregnated uterus and placenta in situ I obtained through the kindness of my most esteemed friend and former pupil and assistant, Dr liberality worthy of Dr Lee himself, he allowed me to examine, for nearly an hour ... When I first saw it (March 1839), it had been laid open ... as the appearances were new to me ... I informed my morning class that I that or of next evening explain to them certain very interesting appearances ... I at the same time dictated the substance of my observations to my assistant Mr Kelburne King. ... At the time I their publication ... they seemed to me to have been anticipated in all essential points by Weber. In what respect they may be found to coincide with Dr Reid's more elaborate researches I cannot pretend at present to tufts

80
- 0006161917
- 1909
- (1809) Nature , vol.81 , pp. 163-165
- Fraser Harris D. John, R.¹

81
- 0006154234
- Life of Dr John Reid, late Chandos Professor of Anatomy and Medicine in the University of St. Andrews. Edinburgh: Sutherland & Knox; London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
- (1852)
- Wilson, G.¹

82
- 0006212078
- For the full report, see: Lonsdale, Robert Knox

83
- 0006202413
- According to Lonsdale, when he and Knox were in the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1841, Knox stated "Why would you throw away money upon a Society rapidly hastening to the guidance of banker's clerks, fifth-rate practitioners, and the like? You gain nothing of science, and as little honour." Knox went on to express similar views about the two Royal Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians "whose professional dignity to be on huckstering of medical degrees and the elevation of fifth-rate men to College presidential chairs." See: Lonsdale, Robert Knox

84
- 0006189021
- Campbell & Smellie, The Royal Society of Edinburgh

85
- 0006162736
- Frederick Knox acted as a ship's surgeon aboard the Martha Ridgway, a New Zealand Company ship. This ship also carried his wife and four children, although one child had died on the voyage. The ship arrived in Wellington 1840 [Information supplied by Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand].

86
- 4244090201
- Lonsdale, Robert Knox; Christison (sons of Sir Robert, but no initials given). The life of Sir Robert Christison, Bart. 2 Volumes. Autobiography (1885) Memoirs (1886). Edinburgh & London: W. Blackwood & Sons, Volume 1
- (1886) , vol.1-2

87
- 0006251689
- Information from Mr Eamonn Bolger.

88
- 0006162737
- A notice of his death was published in the New Zealand Mail on August 7 1873, page 10, column c. This notice reads as follows: "KNOX.- August 5, at the Provincial Hospital, Frederick John Knox, L.R.C.S., E., aged 82 of an Obituary or photograph of him has so far been located.

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.