Changing face of acute myocardial infarction in east London: A prospective cohort study of trends in management and outcome in the reperfusion era

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 21-29

  Barakat, Khalid ^a   Wilkinson, Paul ^b   Suliman, Abdul ^c   Ranjadayalan, Kulasegaram ^c   Timmis, Adam ^b  

^a ROYAL GROUP OF HOSPITALS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWHAM UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

case fatality; myocardial infarction; treatment; trends

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CREATINE KINASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REPERFUSION; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; Q WAVE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED KINGDOM;

AGED; ASPIRIN; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; LONDON; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL RATE; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY;

EID: 0035134716     PISSN: 17418267     EISSN: 17418275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/174182670100800104     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Stykowski PA, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB. Changes in risk factors and the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1635–1641.
2. Walker WJ. Changing US lifestyle and declining vascular mortality: A retrospective. N Engl J Med 1990; 308: 649–651.
3. De Vreede JJM, Gorgels APM, Verstraaten GMP, Vermeer F, Dassen WRM, Wellens HJJ. Did prognosis after acute myocardial infarction change during the past 30 years? A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 698–706.
4. Ranjadayalan K, Umachandran V, Timmis AD. The clinical impact of introducing thrombolytic and aspirin therapy into the management policy of a coronary care unit. Am J Med 1992; 92: 233–238.
5. Brown N, Young T, Gray D, Skene AM, Hampton JR. Inpatient deaths from acute myocardial infarction, 1982-92; analysis of data in the Nottingham heart attack register. Br Med J 1997; 315: 159–164.
6. Le Feuvre CA, Connolly SJ, Cairns JA, Gent M, Roberts RS. Comparison of mortality from acute myocardial infarction between 1979 and 1992 in a geographically defined stable population. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 1345–1349.
7. Naylor CD, Chen E. Population-wide mortality trends among patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction: The Ontario experience, 1981 to 1991. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 15: 1431–1438.
8. Dellborg M, Eriksson P, Riha M, Swedberg K. Declining hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 5–9.
9. Gurwitz JH, Goldberg RJ, Chen Z, Gore JM, Alpert JS. Recent trends in hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction - the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Have improvements been realized for all age groups?. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2202–2208.
10. Greenbaum RA, Morris R, Sritara P, Shanit D, Chan KL. Reduced in-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction with general adoption of thrombolytic treatment in the North West Thames health region 1979-1991. Br Heart J 1995; 74: 493–496.
11. Gheorghiade M, Ruzumna P, Borzak S, Havstad S, Ali A, Goldstein S. Decline in the rate of hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction: Impact of changing management strategies. Am Heart J 1996; 13: 250–256.
12. Rosamond WD, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Cooper LS, Conwill DE, Clegg L, et al Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in mortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to 1994. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 861–867.
13. Widdershoven JW, Gorgels AP, Vermeer F, Dijkman LW, Verstraaten GM, Dassen WR, et al Changing characteristics and in-hospital outcome in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Observations from 1982 to 1994. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1073–1080.
14. Abrahamsson P, Dellborg M, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Improved long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction 1984-1991. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: 1512–1517.
15. McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E, Doliszny KM, Folsom AR, Blackburn H, et al Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease - mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 884–890.
16. Yususf S, Peto R, Lewis, Sleight P. Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: An overview of the randomised trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985; 27: 335–371.
17. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of Ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821.
18. Ambrosioni E, Borghi C, Magnani B for the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) Study Investigators. The effect of angiotensin-converting-inhibitor zofenopril on mortality and morbidity after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 80.
19. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative group). ISIS-4: A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58 050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995; 345: 669.
20. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Soprawivenza nellæinfarcto Miocardico. GISSI-3. The effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on six week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 343: 1115.
21. Stevenson R, Ranjadayalan K, Wilkinson P, Roberts R, Timmis AD. Short and long term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction since introduction of thrombolysis. BMJ 1993; 307: 349–353.
22. Barakat K, Wilkinson P, Deaner A, Fluck D, Ranjadayalan K, Timmis A.D., How should age influence the management of acute myocardial infarction? A prospective cohort study. Lancet 1999; 353: 955–959.
23. Wilkinson P, Sayer J, Laji K, Grundy C, Marchant B, Koelman P, et al Comparison of case fatality in south Asian and white patients after acute myocardial infarction: Observational study. BMJ 1996; 312: 1330–1333.
24. Barbash GI, White HD, Modan M, Diaz R, Hampton JR, Heikkila J, et al Significance of cigarette smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Experience gleaned from the International Tissue Plasminogen Activator/ Streptokinase Mortality Trial. Circulation 1993; 87: 297.
25. Mueller HS, Cohen LS, Braunwald E, Forman S, Feit F, Ross A, et al Predictors of early morbidity and mortality after thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of patient subgroups in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial, phase II. Circulation 1992; 85: 1254.
26. Barbash GI, Reiner J, White HD, Wilcox RG, Armstrong PW, Sadowski Z, et al Evaluation of paradoxical beneficial effects of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction; mechanism of the smokeræs paradox from the GUSTO-1 trial, with angiographic insights. Global Utilisation of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 1222.
27. Grines CL, Topol EJ, O'Neill WW, George BS, Kereiakes D, Phillips HR, et al Effect of cigarette smoking on outcome after thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995; 96: 298.
28. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival)Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; ii: 349–360.
29. Col NF, Yarzebski J, Gore JM, Alpert JS, Goldberg RJ. Does aspirin consumption affect the presentation or severity of acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 1386–1389.
30. Garcia-Dorado D, Theroux P, Tornos P, Sambola A, Oliveras J, Santos M. Previous aspirin use may attenuate the severity of the manifestation of acute ischemic syndromes. Circulation 1995; 92: 1743–1748.
31. Lloyd-Jones DM, Camargo CA, Lapuerta P, Guigliano RP, O'Donnell CJ. Electrocardiographic and clinical predictors of acute myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 1182–1186.
32. Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Alpert JS, Dalen JE. Non-Q wave myocardial infarction: Recent changes in occurrence and prognosis: A community wide perspective. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 273–279.
33. Nicod P, Gilpin E, Dittrich H, Polikar R, Hjalmarson A, Blacky AR, et al Short and longterm clinical outcome after Q wave and non Q wave myocardial infarction in a large patient population. Circulation 1989; 79: 528–536.
34. Ogawa H, Hiramori K, Haze K, Saito M, Sumiyoshi T, Fukami K, et al Comparison of clinical features of non Q-wave myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1986; 111: 513–518.
35. Edlavitch SA, Crow R, Burke GL, Baxter J. Secular trends in Q wave and non Q wave MI. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation 1991; 83: 492–503.
36. Barabgelata A, Califf RM, Sgasbossa EB, Goodman SG, Stebbins AL, Granger CB, et al Thrombolysis and Q-wave versus non Q-wave first acute myocardial infarction: A GUSTO-1 substudy. Global Utilisation of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded arteries Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 770.
37. Thompson PL, Fletcher EE, Katavatis V. Enzymatic indices of myocardial necrosis: Influence on short-and long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1979; 59: 113–119.
38. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Mahonen M, Tolonen H, Ruokokoski E, Amouyel P, for the WHO MONICA (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease). Project. Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 1999; 353: 1547–1557.
39. Lau YK, Smith J, Morrison SL, Chamberlain DA. Policy for early discharge after acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1980; 280: 1489–1492.
40. Sanz G, Betriu A, Oller G, Matas M, Magrina J, Pare C, et al Feasibility of early discharge after acute Q wave myocardial infarction in patients not receiving thrombolytic treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 1795–1801.
41. Wilkinson P, Stevenson R, Ranjadayalan K, Marchant B, Roberts R, Timmis AD. Early discharge after acute myocardial infarction: Risks and benefits. Br Heart J 1995; 74: 71–75.
42. Packer M, Colucci WS, Sackner-Bernstein JD, Liang CS, Goldscher DA, Freeman I, et al Double blind, placebo controlled study of the effects of carvedilol in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. The PRECISE Trial. Circulation 1996; 94: 2793.
43. CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9–13.