Nationalism for the masses: Popular support for nationalism in Russia's ethnic republics

Europe - Asia Studies

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 73-104

  Gorenburg, Dmitry ^a  

^a CNA CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY; ETHNIC MINORITY; NATIONAL IDENTITY; NATIONALISM;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

EID: 0035121781     PISSN: 09668136     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09668130124664     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996); Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985); David D. Laitin, Identity in Formation (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1998); Joseph Rothschild, Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework (New York, Columbia University Press, 1981).
2. Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996); Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985); David D. Laitin, Identity in Formation (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1998); Joseph Rothschild, Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework (New York, Columbia University Press, 1981).
3. Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996); Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985); David D. Laitin, Identity in Formation (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1998); Joseph Rothschild, Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework (New York, Columbia University Press, 1981).
4. Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996); Donald Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1985); David D. Laitin, Identity in Formation (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1998); Joseph Rothschild, Ethnopolitics: A Conceptual Framework (New York, Columbia University Press, 1981).
5. Dmitry Gorenburg, 'Nationalism for the Masses: Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation', unpublished PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1999.
6. Verta Taylor & Nancy E. Whittier, 'Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization', in Aldon D. Morris & Carol McClurg Mueller (eds), Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1992).
7. William Sheridan Allen, The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Town, 1922-1945, Revised edition (New York, Franklin Watts, 1984).
8. For a discussion of this argument in the context of the effect of electoral systems on party systems regardless of pre-existing social cleavages see Gary W. Cox, Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997).
9. Terry D. Martin, 'An Affirmative Action Empire: Ethnicity and the Soviet State, 1923-1938', unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, 1996.
10. This was based on the strongly primordialist view of ethnicity prevalent in Soviet social science.
11. The 1972 data are particularly useful since that is the time when much of the adult population of the perestroika period would have been in school. For more on the extent of native language education in Russia's regions see Brian Silver, 'The Status of National Minority Languages in Soviet Education: An Assessment of Recent Changes', Soviet Studies, 26, 1, 1974, pp. 28-40.
12. Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication, 2nd edition (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1996).
13. Miroslav Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1985).
14. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996).
15. Doug McAdam & Ronnelle Paulsen, 'Specifying the Relationship between Social Ties and Activism', American Journal of Sociology, 99, 3, 1993, pp. 640-667.
16. Gorenburg.
17. Hroch, p. 180.
18. The survey interviewed 1000 randomly selected respondents in each region, covering both urban and rural areas. Principal investigators included Timothy Colton (Harvard University), Jerry Hough (Duke University), Susan Lehmann (Columbia University) and Mikhail Guboglo (Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences).
19. These include intellectuals, students, migrants from rural areas, industrial workers, agricultural workers and Muslims. I also include variables that measure the respondent's education level, religiosity and age. For an explanation of how these variables were created see the methodological appendix in Gorenburg.
20. See the methodological appendix in Gorenburg.
21. The lowest level of support was registered among the Balkars, who may have been voicing concern that such a policy would make Kabardin the sole official language in their joint republic.
22. Note that the means of the two indices are not directly comparable and cannot be interpreted to show that there is greater support for cultural nationalism than for regional separatism in most regions.
23. The results presented here are based on all 16 republics so as to present findings that support the most generalisation possible. Since the theory was originally based on three of these 16 regions (Bashkortostan, Chuvashia and Tatarstan), in order to make sure that data from these regions were not causing bias, I also performed the analysis on pooled data from only the other 13 republics. The results were virtually identical to the results from all 16 republics. They are not presented here because of space considerations but are available from the author upon request.