Formation of Electrostatic Potential Drops in the Auroral Zone

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 65-70

  Schriver, D ^a   Ashour Abdalla, M ^a,b   Richard, R L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AURORA;

EID: 0035101677     PISSN: 14641917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00092-1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Alfvën, H. and C.G. Fälthammar, Cosmical Electrodynamics, Clarendon, Oxford, 1963.
2. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and C.A. Cattell, Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6597, 1989.
3. Boehm, M.H., et al., Observations of an upward-directed electron beam with the perpendicular temperature of the cold ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2103, 1995.
4. Burch, J.L., P.H. Reiff, and M. Sugiura, Upward electron beams measured by DE-1: A primary source of dayside region-1 Birkeland currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 753, 1983.
5. Carlson, C.W., et al., FAST observations in the downward current region: Energetic upgoing electron beams, parallel potential drops, and ion heating, J. Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 2017, 1998.
6. Chiu, Y.T. and M. Schulz, Self-consistent particle and parallel electrostatic field distributions in the magnetospheric-ionospheric auroral region, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 629, 1978.
7. Chin, Y.T. and J.M. Cornwall, Electrostatic model of a quiet auroral arc, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 543, 1980.
8. Chin, Y.T., A.L. Newman, and J.M. Cornwall, On the structures and mapping of auroral electrostatic potentials, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 10029, 1981.
9. Evans, D.S., Precipitating electron fluxes formed by a magnetic field aligned potential difference, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2853, 1974.
10. Frank, L.A., Plasmas in the Earth's magnetotail, Space Sci. Rev., 42, 211, 1985.
11. Frank, L.A. and K.L. Ackerson, Observations of charged particle precipitation into the auroral zone, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3612, 1971.
12. Frank, L.A., et. al., Field aligned currents in the Earth's magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 687, 1981.
13. Ghielmetti, A.G., et al., The latitudinal, diurnal, and altitudinal distributions of upward flowing energetic ions of ionospheric origin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 59, 1978.
14. Gorney, D.J., et al., The distribution of ion beams and conics below 8000 km, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 83, 1981.
15. Gorney, D.J., Y.T. Chiu, and D.R. Croley, Jr., Trapping of ion conies by downward parallel electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4205, 1985.
16. Hada, T., A. Nishida, and T. Terasawa, Bi-directional electron pitch angle anisotropy in the plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11211, 1981.
17. Hoffmann, R.A. and D.S. Evans, Field-aligned electron bursts at high latitude observed by Ogo 4, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6201, 1968.
18. Hultqvist, B., et al., Observations of a magnetic field-aligned anisotropy for 1 and 6 keV positive ions in the upper ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci. 19, 279, 1971.
19. Hultqvist, B., et al., Simultaneous observation of upward moving field-aligned energetic electrons and ions on auroral zone field lines, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9765, 1988.
20. Hultqvist, B., On the acceleration of electrons and positive ions in the same direction along magnetic field lines by parallel electric fields, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9777, 1988.
21. Kan, J.R., Energization of auroral electrons by electrostatic shock waves, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 2089, 1975.
22. Kan, J.R., S.I. Akasofu, Energy source & mechanisms for accelerating the electrons and driving the field-aligned currents of the discrete auroral arc, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5123, 1976.
23. Kletzing, C.A. and J.D. Scudder, Auroral-plasma sheet electron anisotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 971, 1999.
24. Klumpar, D.M., W.J. Heikkila, Electrons in the ionospheric source cone: Evidence for runaway electrons as carriers of downward Birkeland currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 873, 1982.
25. Klumpar, D.M., et al., Latitude and local time distributions of downward directed ion beams in the auroral ionosphere, EOS Trans., 80, S291, 1999.
26. Lemaire, J. and M. Scherer, Ionosphere-plasmasheet field-aligned currents and parallel electric fields, Planet. Space Sci., 22, 1485, 1974.
27. Lundin, R. and L. Eliasson, Auroral energization processes, Ann. Geophys., 9, 202, 1991.
28. Marklund, G., L. Blomberg, C.G. Fälthammar, and P.-A. Lindqvist, On intense diverging electric fields associated with black aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1859, 1994.
29. Marklund, G., T. Karlsson, and J. Clemmons, On low-altitude particle acceleration and intense electric fields and their relationship to black aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1997.
30. McIlwain, C.E., Direct measurements of particles producing visible auroras, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 73, 1960.
31. Mozer, F.S. et al., Observations of paired electrostatic shocks in the polar magnetosphere, Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, 292, 1977.
32. Newman, A.L., Y.T. Chiu, and J.M. Cornwall, Two-dimensional quasi-neutral description of particles and fields above discrete auroral arcs, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3167, 1986.
33. Persson, H. Electric field along a magnetic line of force in a low density plasma, Phys. Fluids, 6, 1756, 1963.
34. Rees, M.H. and D. Luckey, Auroral electron energy derived from ratio of spectroscopic emissions, 1. Model computations, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5181, 1974.
35. Reiff, P.H., et al., Determination of auroral electrostatic potentials using high and low altitude particle distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7441, 1988.
36. Sandahl, I. and P. Lindqvist, Electron populations above the nightside auroral oval during magnetic quiet times, Planet. Space Sci., 38, 1031, 1990.
37. Schriver, D., Particle simulation of the auroral zone showing parallel electric fields, waves and plasma acceleration, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14655, 1999.
38. Serizawa, Y., and T. Sato, Generation of large scale potential difference by currentless plasma jets along the mirror field, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 595, 1984.
39. Shelley, E.G., R.D. Sharp, and R.G. Johnson, Satellite observations of an ionospheric acceleration mechanism, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 654, 1976.
40. Takahashi, K. and E.W. Hones, Jr., ISEE 1 and 2 observations of ion distributions at the plasma sheet - tail lobe boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8558, 1988.
41. Washimi, H. and I. Katanuma, Numerical BGK-solution of large scale electrostatic potential in auroral plasmas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 897, 1986.
42. Weimer, D.R. and D.A. Gurnett, Large-amplitude auroral electric fields measured by DE 1, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13557, 1993.
43. Whipple, E.C., The signature of parallel electric fields in a collisionless plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 1525, 1977.
44. Winningham, J.D., F. Yasuhara, S.I. Akasofu, and W.J. Heikkila, The latitudinal morphology of 10 eV to 10 keV electron fluxes during magnetically quiet and disturbed times in the 21:00-03:00 MLT sector, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3148, 1975