The old but reliable digitalis: Persistent concerns and expanded indications

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 108-114

  Abarquezjr, R F ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA   (Philippines)

^b Philippine Society of Hypertension   (Philippines)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; DIGITALIS; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; POTASSIUM; PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVE; SPIRONOLACTONE; VASODILATOR AGENT;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG INDICATION; FEMALE; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART DEATH; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SINUS RHYTHM; SUDDEN DEATH;

ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ARRHYTHMIA, SINUS; CORONARY DISEASE; DIGITALIS; HEART DISEASES; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; PLANTS, TOXIC;

EID: 0035087587     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Spratt KA, Doherly JE. Principles and practice of digitalis. In: FH Messerli, Ed. Cardiovascular drug therapy, 2nd edn. Philadephia: WB Saunders 1996; 1136-1148.
2. Marcus FI. Digitalis. In: BN Singh, VJ Ozan, PM Vanhoutte, RL Woosly, Eds. Cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994; 343-351.
3. Williams RE, Feldman AM. Inotropic agents. In: BN Singh, VJ Ozan, PM Vanhoutte, RL Woosly, Eds. Cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994; 325-342.
4. Imai K, Naka M, Kinoshita N et al. Effects of digitalis and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on post-exercise vagal reactivation in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 202A
5. Capasso JM, Puntillo E, Malpryn B et al. Amelioration of effects of hypertension and diabetes on myocardium by cardiac glycoside. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H734-742.
6. Gheorghlade M. Digoxin therapy in chronic heart failure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997; 11: 279-283.
7. Hoffman BF, Bigger JT. Digitalis and allied cardiac glycosides. In: Goodman and Oilman, Eds. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 7th edn. New York: McMillan Publishing Co 1985; 716-747.
8. Montanaro D, Antonello A, Baggio B et al. Effect of digoxin on plasma renin activity in hypertensive patients. J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1980; 18: 322-323.
9. Ferrari A, Gregorini L, Ferrari MC et al. Digitalis and baroreceptor reflexes in man. Circulation 1981; 63: 279-285.
10. Braunwald E, Bloddwell RD, Goldberg LI, Morrow G. Studies of digitalis, IV. Observations in man on the effects of digitalis preparation on the contractility of the non-failing heart and on total vascular resistance. J Clin Invest 1961; 40: 52-59.
11. Abarquez RF Jr. Digitalis in Hypertension: a preliminary report. Ada MedPhil 1967; 3: 161-170.
12. Abarquez RF Jr, Dayrit C, Delà Cruz F. Blood pressure lowering effects of digitalis in the hypertensive with heart failure. Phil J Int Med 1974; 12: 55-68.
13. Krum H, Bigger JT, Goldsmith RL, Packer M. Effect of long-term digoxin therapy on autonomie function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 289-294.
14. William JF Jr, Braunwald E. Studies on digitalis administration on experimental hypertrophy. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1937; 36: 837-858.
15. Overbeck HW. Digitalis attenuates arterial hypertrophy in experimental hypertension. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1990; 195: 18-27.
16. Turto M. Metabolism in experimental cardiac hypertrophy in the rat and the effect of digitalis treatment. Cardiovas Res 1977; 11: 356-366.
17. Blaustin MP. Physiological effects of endogenous ouabain: control of intracellular calcium stores and cell responsiveness. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: C1367-C1387.
18. Scobel H, Obe RM, Roach PJ et al. Contrasting effects of digitalis and dobutamine on baroreflex sympathetic control in normal humans. Circulation 1991 ; 84: 1118-1129.
19. Ayachi S, Hall CE. Protective effect of digitoxin in adrenal compression hypertension. Proc Exp Biol Med 1976; 152: 242-245.
20. Braunwald E, Brokenbrough EC, Frye RL. Studies on Digitalis. V. Comparison of the effects of ouabain on left ventricular dynamics in valvular aortic stenosis and hypertrophie sub-aortic stenosis. Circulation 1962; 26: 166-173.
21. Crawford MH, Karliner JS. O'Rouke RA, Amon KW. Favorable effect of oral maintenance digoxin therapy on left ventricular performance in normal subjects: echocardiogram study. Am J Cardiol 1976; 38: 843-848.
22. Lambo G. Rendina V. laccarino G et al. Digitalis restores the forearm sympathetic response to cardiopulmonary receptor on loading in hypertensive patients with LVH. J Hypenens 1993; 11: 1395-1402.
23. Schwab EH, Herrmann G. Effect of digitalis administration on experimental hypertrophy. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1937; 36: 837.
24. Abarquez RF Jr, Sison LM. The unexplored roles of digitalis. In: AM Samia, Ed. Cardiology: clinical approach. Manila: JMC Press, 1984; 15501603.
25. Gheorghiade M, Hall VB, Jacobsen G et al. Effects of increasing maintenance dose of digoxin on left ventricular function and neurohormones in patients with clinical heart failure treated with diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Circulation 1995; 92: 1801-1807.
26. Gheorghiade M, Ferguson D. Digoxin: a neurohormonal modulator in heart failure? Circulation 1991; 84: 2181-2186.
27. Civil AB, Schaer GL, Sealy H et al. Suppression of the reninangiotensin system by intravenous digoxin in chronic congestive heart failure. Am J Med 1983; 75: 445-447.
28. Wei W, Chen JS, Zucker HI. Carotid sinus baroreceptor sensitivity in experimental heart failure. Circulation 1990; 81: 1959-1966.
29. Abarquez RF Jr. The ubiquitous digitalis: unmet needs and persistent fears regarding its indications. J Phil Int Med 1999; 37: 59-67.
30. Ferguson DW, Berg WI, Sanders IS et al. Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients: direct evidence from sympathetic neural recordings. Circulation 1989; 80: 65-77.
31. Gheorghiade M, Hall V, Lakler IB et al. Comparative hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of intravenous captopril and digoxin and their combinations in patients with severe heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13: 131-142.
32. Krum H, Bigger IT Jr., Goldsmith RL et al. Effect of long-term digoxin therapy on autonomie function in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 289-294.
33. Kannel WB, Ho K, Thorn T. Changing epidemeological features of cardiac failure. Br Heart J 1994; 72(suppl): S3-S9.
34. MacMurray JM, Hart W, Rhodes G. An evaluation of the cost of chronic heart failure to the National Health Service in the UK. Br Med J Econ 1993; 6: 99-110.
35. Ellis G, Frenneaux MR The under diagnosis of heart failure. Cardiovasc Literature Monitoring Service 1998 (3rd quarter): 4-7.
36. Meluzin J, Cerny J, Frolich M et al. Prognostic value of the amount of dysfunctional but viable myocardium in revascularized patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, y Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32:912-920.
37. Badgett, RG, Lucay CR, Mulrow CD. Can the clinical examination diagnose left sided heart failure in adults? JAMA 1997; 277: 1712-1719.
38. The Digitalis in Acute Atrial Fibrillation (DAAF) Trial Group. Intravenous digoxin in acute atrial fibrillation. Results of a randomized. placebo-controlled multi-center trial in 239 patients. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 649-654.
39. Chua MA, Cruz NC. A re-assessment of the clinical value of oral digoxin among patients with congestive heart failure in sinus rhythm: a metaanalysis. Unpublished paper.
40. Garg R, Gorlin R, Smith T, Yusuf S, for the Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Eng! J Med 1997; 336: 525-533.
41. Adams K, Gheorghiade M, Uretsky B et al. Patients with mild heart failure worsen during withdrawal from digoxin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 42-48.
42. Selzer A, Malmborg RO. Hemodynamic effects of digoxin in latent heart failure. Circulation 1962; 23: 695-702.
43. Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Middlekauff HR et al. Improving survival for patients with advanced heart failure: a study of 737 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995: 26: 1417-1423.
44. Abarquez RF Jr, Dans A, Morales, DD, Canonigo E. Cumulative survival among unrecognized (non-hospitalized) and recognized (hospitalized) myocardial infarction in an industry based cohort study. Phil J Int Med 1999; 37: 51-58.
45. Aharquez RF Jr. Ngelangel CA, Sison VM et al. Digitalis reduces MI and LVH among uncomplicated mild hypertensive industry based cohort in a long-term comparative study. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8: 193(A).
46. Young JB, Gheorghiade M, Uretsky BF et al. Superiority of 'triple' drug therapy in heart failure: insights from the PROVED and RADIANCE trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 686-692.
47. The SOLVD Investigators. Effects of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991 ; 325: 293-302.
48. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 685-691.
49. Garg R. Yusuf S. for the Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA 1995; 273: 1450-1456.
50. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study. (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987:316: 1429-1435.
51. Pit! B. Zannad F. Remme WJ et ill. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality among patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999:341: 709-717.
52. Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group. Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. JAMA 1988; 259: 539-544.
53. Cosin-Aguilar J. Sanz MJ. Masso J et al. Long-term results of the Spanish trial on treatment and survival of patients with predominantly mild heart failure. J Cardiovasc Phurmacol 1999: 33: 733-740.
54. Uretsky BF. Sheahan RG. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure: will the solution be shocking? J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1589-1597.
55. Hartmann F. Nquycn N. Schunger M. Imaging of myocardial autonomie innervation in patients with congestive heart failure: methods and clinical implications. Heart Fail Rev 1996; 1: 15-37.
56. Fegret D, Wolf JE, Vanzetto G, Borrel E. Myocardial uptake of metaindolenzylquamidine in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to valvular aortic stenosis. J Nud Med 1993; 34(1): 57-60.
57. Brouer J, Van Veldhuisen DJ. Veld AJ et al. Digoxin partly restores the abnormal circadian pattern of autonomie control during daytime but not during night-time in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996:27: 202.
58. Lynch JJ. Simpson PJ. Gallaghor KP et al. Increase in experimental infarct size with digoxin in a canine model of myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury. Am Heart J 1988; 115: 1171-1182.
59. Banka VS. Chadda HD, Bodenheimer M et al. Digitalis in experimental acute myocardial infarction: differential effects on contractile performance of ischémie, border and non-ischemic ventricular zones in the dog. Am J Cardiol 1975; 35: 801-808.
60. Bigger JT. Fleiss JL.Rolnitzky LM etal. Effect of digitalis treatment on survival after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55: 623.
61. Kober L, Torp-Pederson C. Gadsboll N et al. Is digoxin an independent risk factor for long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction? Kur Heart J 1994; 15: 382.
62. Madsen EB, Gilpin E, Henning H et ul. Prognostic importance of digitalis after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984: 3: 681-689.
63. Ryan TJ. Bailey KR, McCabe CH et al. The effects of digitalis on survival in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease: the coronary artery surgery study (CASS). Circulation 1983: 67: 735-742.
64. Clarkson TB. Prichard RW. Morgan TM et al. Remodeling of coronary arteries in human and non-human primates. JAMA 1994: 271: 289-294.
65. Glaney DL, Higgs LM.O'Brien KP et al. Effects of ouabain on the ven tricular response to exercise in patients with angina pcctoris. Circulation 1971:43: 45-57.
66. The Digitalis Subcommittee of the Multi-center Post-infarction Research Group. The mortality risk associated with digitalis treatment after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 1987; 1: 125.
67. Moss AJ, Davis HT, Conard DL et al. Digitalis associated cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1981; 64: 1150.
68. Muller JE, Turi ZG, Stone PH et al. Digoxin therapy and mortality after myocardial infarction: experience in the MILIS Study. N Engl J Mecl 1986; 314: 265.
69. Bylington R. Goldstein S. Association of digitalis therapy with mortality in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: observation in the Betablocker Heart Attack Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 6: 976.
70. Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Gadsboll N et al. Is digoxin an independent risk factor for long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 382-388.
71. Leor J.Goldbourt U. Rabinowitz B et al. Digoxin and increased mortality among patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction: importance of digoxin dose. The SPRINT Study Group. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995; 9: 723-729.
72. Abarquez RF Jr. Beyond the current paradigm of managing the hypertensive Filipino patient. The Asian Cardiology Meeting. JAMA 1996: 23(SEA suppl): 13-19.
73. Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RG et al. The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA 1996; 76: 69C-77C.
74. National Institutes of Health. The 6th report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Bethesda: NIH Publ 98-4080. 1997.
75. Ayobe M Tarazi RC. Beta-receptors and contractile reserve in LVH. Hypertension 1983; 5: 1192-1197.
76. Ramirez EA. Garcia Pont PH. Relation of arterial blood pressure to the transverse diameter of the heart in compensated hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 1965:31: 542-550.
77. Wachtell K. Bella JN, Rokkedal J et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular function after one year of anti-hypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 232A.
78. Mostcrd A, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H et al. Trends in the prevalence of hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, and left ventricular hypertrophy from 1950 to 1989. N EnglJ Med 1999:340: 1221-1227.
79. Trimaco B, De Luca N. Ricciardelli B et al. Impaired responsiveness of the ventricular sensory receptor in hypertensive patients with LVH. Circulation 1986; 74: 980-990.
80. Palatini P. Mormino P, Santonastaso M et al. Target organ damage in stage 1 hypertensive subjects with white coat and sustained hypertension: results from the HARVEST Study. Hypertension 1998; 31: 57-63.
81. Guidelines Subcommittee. World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 151-183.
82. Hamlyn JM. Hamilton BP, Manunta P. Endogenous ouabain, sodium balance and blood pressure: a review and a hypothesis. J Hypertens 1996: 14: 151-171.
83. Amerena J.Julius S.The role of the autonomie nervous system in hypertension. Hypertens Res 1995: 18: 99-110.
84. Julius S, Krause L, Schork N et al. Hyperkinetic borderline hypertension in Tecumsech. Michigan. J Hypertens 1991: 9: 77-84.
85. Julius S, Schork N, Schork A. Sympathetic hyperactivity in early stages of hypertension: the Ann Arbor data set. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1988; 12(suppl)3: S121-S129.
86. Slatton ML, Irani WN. Hall SA et al. Does digoxin provide additional hemodynamic and autonomie benefit at higher doses in patients with mild to moderate heart failure and normal sinus rhythm ? J Am Coll Cardiol 1997: 29: 1206-1213.
87. Alderman MH, Madhavan S, Cohen M. Blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcome over 20 years in u worksite hypertension treatment program. Can J Cardiol 1995; ll(suppl D): 43D.
88. Sison GA. Atabut JL, Lingling-Uy NO. Abelardo NS. Philippine Hypertension and Target Organ (PHYTON) survey: a report of the prevalence of target organ damage among hypertensive Filipinos. Phil J Cardiol 1996; 24: 39-44.
89. Savage DD. Drayer JM. Henry WL et al. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac anatomy and function in hypertensive subjects. Circulation 1979; 59: 623-632.
90. Fragasso G. Lu C. Dabrowski P cl al. Comparison of stress/rest myocardial perfusion tomography, dipyridamole and dobutamine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary disease in hypertensive patients with chest pain and positive exercise test. 7 Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 34: 441-447.
91. Hamasaki S. Suwaidi JA, Higano ST et al. Attenuated coronary How reserve and vascular remodeling in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1654-1660.
92. Neaton JD. Grimm Jr. RH, Priners RJ et al. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study: final results. JAMA 1993; 270: 713-724.
93. Gottdiener JS, Livengood SV. Meyer PS. Chase GA. Should echocardiography be performed to assess effects of anti-hypertensive therapy? Testretest reliability of echocardiography for measurement of left ventricular mass and function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 24: 424-430.
94. a. Fleg JL, Gottlieb SH, Lakatta EG. Is digoxin really important in treatment of compensated heart failure? A placebo-controlled crossover study in patients with sinus rhythm. Am J Med 1982; 73: 244-250.
95. b. Lee DCS, Johnson RA, Bingham JB er al. Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial of digoxin versus placebo. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 699-705.
96. Taggart AJ, Johnston GD. McDevitt DG. Digoxin withdrawal after cardiac failure in patients with sinus rhythm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1983: 5: 229-234.
97. Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group. Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. JAMA 1988; 259: 539-544.
98. e. Guyatt GH. Sullivan MJJ, Fallen EL et al. A controlled trial of digoxin in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1988; 61: 371-375.
99. f. DiBianco R, Shahetai R, Kostuk W et al. A comparison of oral milrinone. digoxin. and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 677-683.
100. g. Fleg JL. Rothfeld B, Gottlieb SH. Wright J. Effect of maintenance digoxin therapy on aerobic performance and exercise left ventricular function in mild to moderate heart failure due to coronary artery disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 17: 743-751.
101. h. Packer M. Gheorghiade M. Young JB et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1-7.
102. Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE et al. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVD trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 955-962.
103. j. Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N EnglJ Med 1997; 336: 525-533.