The city's many uses: Cultural tourism, the sacred monarchy and the preservation of Fez's Medina

Journal of North African Studies

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 59-88

  Porter, Geoffrey D ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION PLANNING; CULTURAL HERITAGE; HERITAGE CONSERVATION; HISTORIC BUILDING;

FEZ; MOROCCO;

EID: 0035041323     PISSN: 13629387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13629380008718398     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Cf. Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: Schocken Books 1976).
2. Richard Parker, A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco (Charlottesville VA: The Baraka Press 1981) p.115.
3. Richard Parker, A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco Ibid. p.123.
4. Guided Tour of the Medina, 13 Feb. 2000.
5. Hassan Radouane, 14 Feb. 2000.
6. Parker (note 2) p.15.
7. John Waterbury, The Commander of the Faithful: The Moroccan Political Elite - A Study in Segmented Politics (London and New York: Columbia University Press 1970).
8. For an insightful discussion of the pervasiveness of 'asl in the Moroccan context, cf. Rosen (1984).
9. Prosper Ricard, 'L'Artisan de Fès', France-Maroc, 5 (May 1918).
10. Lyautey quoted in Gwendolyn Wright, The Politics of Design in French Colonial Urbanism (Chicago: University of Chicago 1991) p.77.
11. 'Nous devons veiller au maintien des institutions que nous avons trouvées' in Paul Marty, 'Note Sur l'Université Musulman de Qaraouiyne', Direction de l'instruction publique, 19 March 1922.
12. L. Brunot, 'L'université Marocaine de Karaouiyne', Bulletin d'Enseignement Public (Rabat: Gouvernement Chérifien 1920) p.1.
13. L. Brunot, 'L'université Marocaine de Karaouiyne', Bulletin d'Enseignement Public 1920 p.1. Ibid.
14. L. Brunot, Bulletin d'Enseignement Public Ibid. p.12.
15. L. Brunot, Bulletin d'Enseignement Public p.12. Ibid.
16. L. Brunot, Bulletin d'Enseignement Public p.12. Ibid.
17. Paul Marty, 28 Nov. 1922.
18. Prosper Ricard, Les Merveilles de l'autre France (Paris: Hachette 1924).
19. Prosper Ricard, Les Merveilles de l'autre France Ibid., p.293.
20. Prosper Ricard, Les Merveilles de l'autre France Ibid., p.307.
21. 'Les medersas sont le sourire de Fès. Fès est la ville savante': Pierre Champion, Les Villes d'art Célébres: Tanger, Fès et Meknès (Paris: Renouard 1924) p.39.
22. J. Dethier, 'Evolution of Concepts of Housing, Urbanism and Country Planning in a Developing Country: Morocco, 1900-1972' in L.C. Brown (ed.), From Medina to Metropolis: Heritage and Change in the Near Eastern City, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1973),
23. after Françoise Choay, The Modern City: Planning in the 19th Century (New York: George Braziller 1969) p.9.
24. Paul Rabinow, French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1989) p.284.
25. Wright (note 10) p.157.
26. Prosper Ricard, Fès et ses environs, Guides Diamant (Paris: Hachette 1920) p.11.
27. I am indebted to researcher Stacey Holden for this observation.
28. Archives Diplomatiques Françaises, DIP/632.
29. French Chamber of Commerce and Industry at Fez, 28 Oct. 1936 (No. 6637), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
30. Archives Diplomatiques Françaises, DIP/635.
31. Terrasse, 5 July 1954 (No. 942 IMH), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
32. Ricard (note 25) p.15.
33. Lemaire, 18 Oct. 1938 (No. 3855 DACH/CHH), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
34. Archives Diplomatiques Françaises, DACH/109.
35. Quoted in Wright (note 10) p.111.
36. 28 June 1916 (No. 18/DIP) Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
37. Compte-rendu du Majlis al-baladî, 2 Feb. 1923 (No. 417/SGP), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
38. High Council for Indigenous Education, Rabat, 26 Dec. 1922, Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
39. Wright (note 10) p.133.
40. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Destination Culture, Tourism, Museums, and Heritage (Berkeley CA: University of California Press 1998) p.79;
41. Timothy Mitchell, Colonising Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988) p.9.
42. Note Renseignement, 16 Jan. 1947 (No.33/Section Politique), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
43. Le Courrier du Maroc (18 May 1937);
44. Le Paris-Marocaine (18 May 1937).
45. Le Paris-Marocaine 1937. Ibid.
46. Le Paris-Marocaine 1937. Ibid.
47. Simons (1999).
48. Ibid.
49. Michael Kimmelman, 'Preserving a City's Soul While Restoring its Ancient Heart', The New York Times, 18 Aug. 1998.
50. Nicholas Woodsworth, 'Fez: a maze, a monument, and a marvel', Financial Times, 19/20 Dec. 1998, p.xvi.
51. Maroc: magie des lieux (Institut du Monde Arabe 1999).
52. Maroc: magie des lieux 1999 Ibid.
53. Titus Burckhardt, Fez: City of Islam, trans. (from German) William Stoddart (Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society 1992) p.4.
54. Titus Burckhardt, Fez: City of Islam, Ibid. p.79.
55. Afterword by Jean-Louis Michon (1991) in Burckhardt (note 50) p.164.
56. Morocco; Fez (Rabat: The Moroccan National Office of Tourism 1994).
57. Morocco; Fez 1994. Ibid.
58. UNESCO, World Heritage Center, No. 170 (31 Dec. 1980).
59. Ibid.
60. Attilo Gaudio, Fès, Joyau de la civilisation Islamique (Paris: UNESCO Press 1982).
61. Attilo Gaudio, Fès, Joyau de la civilisation Islamique 1982. Ibid.
62. The Municipal Council of Fez, Fez: The Intellectual Capital of the Moroccan Kingdom (1983) p.89. (This pamphlet, published by the Municipal Council of the City of Fez, was prepared for the 10th Conference of Islamic Foreign Ministers which was held in Fez. It was published in French, Arabic and English and is still available through the Municipal Council.)
63. Prime Minister Abderrahman Yousfi, the Conference for the Renovation of the Qarawiyyin Archives, Fez, 21 April 1998.
64. Abderrahman Yousfi, Conference for the Renovation of the Qarawiyyin Archives, 1998 Ibid.
65. Abderrahman Yousfi, Conference for the Renovation of the Qarawiyyin Archives, 1998 Ibid.
66. Susan Ossman, Picturing Casablanca: Portraits of Power in a Modern City (Berkeley: University of California Press 1994) p.23.
67. UNESCO, Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (Paris: UNESCO Press 1972) para.27ii (italics added).
68. ICOMOS, Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (Milan: ICOMOS 1987) para. 2.
69. Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas 1987 Ibid.
70. UNESCO (note 64) para. 24b.
71. Ibid. para. 13.
72. UNESCO (note 55).
73. UNESCO, Prospectus for the Safeguarding of Fez-Medina (Paris: UNESCO Press 1985).
74. Prospectus for the Safeguarding of Fez-Medina 1985. Ibid.
75. Director of Educational Programmes, Fez Regional Office of Traditional Manufacturing. Interview, 29 July 1998.
76. Mustafa Lahlou, Interview, 15 Feb. 2000.
77. Hassan Radouane, Interview, 14 Feb. 2000.
78. Qasem el-Alaoui, Interview, 1 Feb. 2000.
79. Jean Meunier, 17 June 1953 (No.610/ IMH/DIP), Archives Diplomatiques Françaises.
80. http://www.ovpm.org/ovpm/sites/afes.html.
81. Hélene De Koninck, 'Les Villes du patrimoine mondial: capitales du temps', Cahiers de géographie du Québec 35/94 (April 1991) pp.9-87.
82. MacCannell (note 1) p.36.
83. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett (note 39).
84. Hassan Sebbar, 'Evolution du tourisme au Maroc' in Mohamed Berriane and Herbert Popp (eds.), Le Tourisme au Maghreb (Rabat: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines 1998) pp.29-40.
85. Since the Protectorate, non-Muslims are prohibited from entering Moroccan mosques.
86. This observation is based on interviews with Moroccan tourists as they left the Qarawiyin.
87. Abdelaziz Kabbaj, 28 Feb. 2000.