"A dream as frail as those of ancient time": The in-credible geographies of Timbuctoo

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 203-225

  Heffernan, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLONIALISM; EXPLORATION; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS;

FRANCE; MALI; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0035029237     PISSN: 02637758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1068/d231t     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Abitbol M, 1979a, "Juifs maghrébins et commerce transsaharien du VIIIe au XVe siècle" Revue Française d'Histoire d'Outre-Mer 66 177-193
2. Abitbol M, 1979b Tombouctou et les Arma de la conquête marocaine du Soudan nigérien en 1591 à l'hégémonie de l'Empire Peulh du Macina en 1833 (L'Harmattan, Paris)
3. Abitbol M, 1980, "Le Maroc et le commerce transsaharien du XVIe siècle au début du XXe siècle" Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée 30 5-19
4. Adams R, 1816 A Narrative of Robert Adams, a Sailor, who was Wrecked on the Western coast of Africa, in the Year 1810, was Detained three Years in Slavery by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and Resided Several Months in the City of Timbuctoo with a Map, Notes, and an Appendix (John Murray, London)
5. African Association, 1798 Proceedings of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa; Containing an Abstract of Mr. Park's Account of his Travels and Observations, Abridged from his own Minutes by Bryan Edwards, Esq. Also, Geographical Illustrations of Mr. Park's Journey, and of North Africa, at large by Major Rennell (W Bulmer and Co., London)
6. African Association, 1802 Proceedings of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa: Containing a Journal of F. Horneman and Geographical Illustrations of Mr. Horneman's Route and Additions to the General Geography of North Africa by Major Rennell (W Bulmer and Co., London)
7. Aldrich R, 1996 Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (Macmillan, London)
8. Anderson R, Fawsy I (Eds), 1988 Egypt in 1800: Scenes from Napoleon's Description de l'Égypte (Barrie and Jenkins, London)
9. Anon, 1809a, untitled review The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal 28 (July) 306-322
10. Anon, 1809b, untitled review The Anti-Jacobin Review, or Monthly, Political, and Literary Censor 33 (August) 337-354, 34 (September) 39-45
11. Anon, 1809b, untitled review The Anti-Jacobin Review, or Monthly, Political, and Literary Censor 33 (August) 337-354, 34 (September) 39-45
12. Anon (HB), 1835 The Life of Mungo Park (Fraser and Co., Edinburgh)
13. Austin R, 1979, "The trans-Saharan slave trade: a tentative census", in The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade Eds H A Gemery, J S Hogendorn (Academic Press, London) pp 23-76
14. Barrow J, 1829, "Extrait d'une lettre de M. John Barrow à M. Jomard" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 11 53-54
15. Barrow J, 1830, "Art VI. - Journal d'un Voyage à Temboctoo et à Jenné, dans l'Afrique Centrale, &c." Quarterly Review 42 450-475
16. Bassett T, 1994, "Cartography and empire-building in nineteenth-century West Africa" Geographical Review 84 316-335
17. Bassett T, Porter P, 1991, "'From the best authorities': the mountains of Kong in the cartography of West Africa" Journal of African History 32 367-413
18. Bourguet M-N, 1997, "The explorer", in Enlightenment Portraits Ed. M Vovelle (Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL) pp 257-315
19. Bovill E, 1958 The Golden Trade of the Moors (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
20. Bravo M, 1999, "Ethnographic navigation and the geographical gift", in Geography and Enlightenment Eds D Livingstone, C Withers (Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL) pp 199-235
21. Broc N, 1981, "Les grandes missions scientifiques françaises au XIXe siècle (Morée, Algérie, Mexique) et leurs travaux géographiques" Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 34 319-358
22. Brockway L, 1979 Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanic Gardens (Academic Press, London)
23. Brodie F, 1967 The Devil Drives: A Life of Sir Richard Burton (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London)
24. Bryant H, 1981, "The African genesis of Tennyson's 'Timbuctoo'" Tennyson Research Bulletin 3 196-202
25. Burke C, 1994, "Sir John Barrow's contributions to the Quarterly Review 1809-24" Notes and Queries 239 326-328
26. Caillié R 1830a Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo and Across the Great Desert to Morocco, Performed in the Years 1824-1828 2 volumes (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, London)
27. Caillié R, 1830b, "Réponse de M. Caillié à l'article du Quaterly (sic) Review" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 85 235-241
28. Cameron J, 1996, "Sir John Barrow as a Quarterly Reviewer, 1809-1843" Notes and Queries 241 34-37
29. Carey D, 1997, "Compiling nature's history: travellers and travel narratives in the early Royal Society" Annals of Science 54 269-292
30. Clapperton H, 1829 Journal of a Second Expedition into the Interior of Africa, from the Bight of Benin to Soocato by Captain Hugh Clapperton, to which is added, the Journal of Richard Lander from Kano to the Sea-Coast, partly by an Eastern Route (John Murray, London)
31. Clapperton H, Denham D, 1826 Narratives of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa, in the Years 1822, 1823, and 1824, by Major Denham, Captain Clapperton and the late Doctor Oudney extending across the Great Desert to the Tenth Degree of Northern Latitude, and from the Kouka in Bournou, to Sackatoo, the Capital of the Fellatah empire, with an Appendix (John Murray, London)
32. Colley L, 1998, "Going native, telling tales: captives and collaborations in an age of empire", seminar, Department of English and Drama, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics
33. Crowley J, 1999, "The sensibility of comfort" American Historical Review 104 749-782
34. Day A, 1983, "The spirit of fable: Arthur Hallam and romantic values in Tennyson's 'Timbuctoo'" Tennyson Research Bulletin 4 59-71
35. Driver F, 2000 Geography Militant (Blackwell, Oxford)
36. Duveyrier H, 1874, "L'Afrique nécrologique" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 6ème série 3 561-644
37. Gardner B, 1968 The Quest for Timbuctoo (Cassell, London)
38. Garrard T, 1982, "Myth and metrology: the early trans-Saharan gold trade" Journal of African History 23 443-461
39. Gascoigne J, 1994 Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
40. Gillispie C, Dewachter M (Eds), 1987 Monuments of Egypt: The Napoleonic Edition - The Complete Archaeological Plates from La Description d'Égypte (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ)
41. Godlewska A, 1988, "The Napoleonic survey of Egypt: a masterpiece of cartographic compilation and early nineteenth-century fieldwork" Cartographica 25 1-2
42. Gomez M, 1990, "Timbuktu under imperial Songhay: a reconsideration" Journal of African History 31 5-24
43. Grassic G, 1934 Niger: The Life of Mungo Park (The Porpoise Press, Edinburgh)
44. Gwynn S, 1934 Mungo Park: The Quest of the Niger (John Lane and Bodley Head, London)
45. Hallett R (Ed.), 1964 Records of the African Association, 1788-1831 2 volumes (Thomas Nelson, London)
46. Hallett R, 1965a The Penetration of Africa: European Enterprise and Exploration Principally in Northern and Western Africa up to 1830: Volume 1; To 1815 (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London)
47. Hallett R (Ed.), 1965b The Niger Journal of Richard and John Lander (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London)
48. Hallett R (Ed.), 1967 Proceedings of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa 2 volumes (Dawson's of Pall Mall, London)
49. Heffernan M, 1989, "The limits of utopia: Henri Duveyrier and the exploration of the Sahara in the nineteenth century" Geographical Journal 155 342-352
50. Heffernan M, 1993, "An imperial utopia: French surveys of North Africa in the early colonial period", in Maps and Africa Ed. J Stone (African Studies Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen) pp 81-107
51. Heffernan M, 1995, "For ever England: the Western Front and the politics of remembrance in Britain" Ecumene 2 293-323
52. Heffernan M, 2000, "Mars and Minerva: centres of geographical calculation in an age of total war" Erdkunde 54 321-334
53. Holsinger D, 1980, "Trade routes of the Algerian Sahara in the nineteenth century" Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée 30 57-70
54. Hornemann F, 1802 The Journal of F. Horneman's Travels from Cairo to Mourzouk, the Capital of the Kingdom of Fezzan (G and W Nicol, London)
55. Houghton W (Ed.), 1966 The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900: Tables of Contents and Identification of Contributors with Bibliographies of their Articles and Stories (University of Toronto Press, Toronto)
56. Jackson J, 1811 An Account of the Empire of Morocco, and the Districts of Suse and Tafilelt; Compiled from Miscellaneous Observations made during a Long Residence in, and Various Journeys through, these Countries to which is added an Account of Africa, and an Interesting Account of Timbuctoo, the Great Emporium of Central Africa 2nd edition (W Bulmer and Co., London)
57. Jackson J, 1820 An account of Timbuctoo and Housa, Territories in the Interior of Africa, by El Hage Abd Salam Shabeeny; with Notes, Critical and Explanatory. To which is added, Letters descriptive of Travels through West and South Barbary, and Across the Mountains of Atlas; also, Fragments, Notes, and Anecdotes; Specimens of Arabic Epistolary Style etc. etc. (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London)
58. Jackson J, 1824, "Lettre à Edme Jomard" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 2 82-83
59. Jomard E, 1816, "A Narrative of Robert Adams, a Sailor, &c., who Resided Several Months in the City of Timbuctoo" Journal des Savants 1 75-76
60. Jomard E, 1830a, "Analyse de l'ouvrage de M. René Caillié, intitulé: Journal d'un voyage à Tembouctou et à Jenné, dans l'Afrique centrale" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 83 101-114; 84 150-162
61. Jomard E, 1830b, "Notes sur un article du Quaterly [sic] Review, relatif au voyage de M. Caillié à Tembouctou" Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris 85 230-234
62. Jones M, 1997 Measuring the World: The Royal Geographical Society and the History of Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions unpublished PhD thesis, Faculty of History, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
63. Kanya-Forstner A, 1969 The Conquest of the Western Sudan: A Study in French Military Imperialism (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
64. Kearns G, 1997, "The imperial subject: geography and travel in the work of Mary Kingsley and Halford Mackinder" Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series 22 450-472
65. Lander R, 1830 Records of Captain Clapperton's Last Expedition to Africa: by Richard Lander, his Faithful Attendant, and the Only Surviving Member of the Expedition with the Subsequent Adventures of the Author 2 volumes (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, London)
66. Latour B, 1987 Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA)
67. Latour B, Woolgar S, 1986 Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ)
68. Laurens H, 1987 Les origines intellectuelles de l'Expédition d'Égypte: l'orientalisme islamisant en France (1698-1798) (G P Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris)
69. Lejeune D, 1993 Les sociétés de géographie en France et l'expansion coloniale au XIXe siècle (Albin Michel, Paris)
70. Licoppe C, 1996 La formation de la pratique scientifique: le discours de l'expérience en France et en Angleterre, 1680-1820 (Éditions la Découverte, Paris)
71. Lightfoot D, Miller J, 1996, "Sijilmassa: the rise and fall of a walled oasis in medieval Morocco" Annals of the Association of American Geographers 86 78-101
72. Livingstone D, 2001, "Race, space and moral climatology: notes towards a geneaology" Journal of Historical Geography 27 forthcoming
73. Lorcin P, 1995 Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Race in Colonial Algeria (I B Tauris, London)
74. Lyon G, 1821 A Narrative of Travels in Northern Africa, in the Years 1818, 19, and 20; Accompanied by Geographical Notes of Soudan, and of the Course of the Niger with a Chart of the Routes, and a Variety of Coloured Plates, Illustrative of the Costumes of the Several Natives of Northern Africa (John Murray, London)
75. Lux D, Cook H, 1998, "Closed circles or open networks? Communicating at a distance during the Scientific Revolution" History of Science 36 179-211
76. MacDougall E, 1985, "The view from the Awdaghust: war, trade, and social change in the southwestern Sahara, from the eighth to the fifteenth century" Journal of African History 26 1-31
77. McKendrick N, Brewer J, Plumb J (Eds), 1982 The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England (University of Indiana Press, Bloomington, IN)
78. Miège J-L, 1975, "La Libye et le commerce transsaharien au XIXe siècle" Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée 19 135-168
79. Miège J-L, 1981, "Le commerce trans-saharien au XIXe siècle: essai de quantification" Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée 32 93-119
80. Miller D, 1996, "Joseph Banks, empire, and 'centres of calculation' in late Hanoverian London", in Visions of Empire Eds D Miller, P Reill (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) pp 21-37
81. Nelson T, 1830 A Biographical Memoir of the late Dr. Walter Oudney, and Captain Hugh Clapperton, both of the Royal Navy, and Major Alex. Gordon Laing, all of whom died amid their Active and Enterprising Endeavours to Explore the Interior of Africa (Waugh and Innes, Edinburgh)
82. Outram D, 1984 Georges Cuvier: Vocation, Science and Authority in Post-Revolutionary France (Manchester University Press, Manchester)
83. Outram D, 1999, "On being Perseus: new knowledge, dislocation, and Enlightenment exploration", in Geography and Enlightenment Eds D Livingstone, C Withers (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL) pp 281-294
84. Park M, 1799 Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Performed under the Direction and Patronage of the African Association in the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797, by Mungo Park, Surgeon, with an Appendix, containing Geographical Illustrations of Africa by Major Rennell (W Bulmer and Co., London)
85. Park M, 1815 The Journal of a Mission to the Interior of Africa in the Year 1805 by Mungo Park together with other Documents, Official and Private, relating to the same Mission to which is Prefixed an Account of the Life of Mr. Park (John Murray, London)
86. Park M, 1820 Travels in the Interior of Africa (A O'Neil, Dublin)
87. Penn N, 1993, "Mapping the Cape: John Barrow and the first British occupation of the colony, 1795-1803", in Maps and Africa Ed. J Stone, African Studies Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, pages 108-127
88. Phillips R, 1997 Mapping Men and Empire: A Geography of Adventure (Routledge, London)
89. Porch D, 1984 The Conquest of the Sahara (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
90. Pratt M-L, 1986, "Scratches on the face of the country; or, what Mr. Barrow saw in the land of the bushmen", in 'Race,' Writing and Difference Ed. H Gates (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL) pp 142-155
91. Pratt M-L, 1992 Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation (Routledge, London)
92. Pringle T, 1991, "Cold comfort: the polar landscape in English and American popular culture, 1845-1990" Landscape Research 16 43-48
93. Rennell J, 1794 War with France the Only Security of Britain, at the Present Momentous Crisis: Set Forth in an Earnest Address to his Fellow-Subjects, by an old Englishman (Chapman and Co., London)
94. Riley J, 1817 The Loss of the American Brig Commerce, Wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa, in the Month of August, 1815 with an Account of Tombouctoo, and of the Hitherto Undiscovered Great City of Wassanah (John Murray, London)
95. Roche D, 1994 The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the 'Ancien Régime' (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
96. Saad E, 1983 Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and Notables 1400-1900 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
97. Said E, 1978 Orientalism (Routledge, London)
98. Savigny J-B-H, Corréard A, 1818 Narrative of a Voyage to Senegal in 1816: Undertaken by Order of the French Government, Comprising an Account of the Shipwreck of the Medusa (H Colburn, London)
99. Sennett R, 1994 Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization (Faber and Faber, London)
100. SGP, 1825 Encouragement pour un voyage à Tombouctou et dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique (Société de Géographie de Paris, Paris)
101. Shapin S, 1994 A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL)
102. Shapin S, Schaffer S, 1985 Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ)
103. Sim K, 1981 Jean Louis Burckhardt: A Biography (Quartet Books, London)
104. Stafford R, 1989 Scientist of Empire: Sir Roderick Murchison, Scientific Exploration, and Victorian Imperialism (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
105. Tennyson A, 1987, "Timbuctoo", in The Poems of Tennyson in Three Volumes volume 1, 2nd edition, Ed. C Ricks (Longman, Harlow, Essex) pp 187-199
106. Thomas D, 1993 Thackeray and Slavery (Ohio University Press, Athens, GA)
107. Thomson J, 1890 Mungo Park and the Niger (George Philip and Sons, London)
108. Wallis H, Middleton D, 1987, "The mapping and exploration of Africa and Joseph Banks", in Maps and the Mapping of Africa Ed. P Larby (SCOLMA/BRICMICS, London) pp 47-54
109. Welch G, 1938 The Unveiling of Timbuctoo: The Astounding Adventures of Caillié (Victor Gollancz, London)
110. Winters C, 1981, "The urban system of medieval Mali" Journal of Historical Geography 7 341-355
111. Withers C, 1999, "Reporting, mapping, trusting: making geographical knowledge in the late seventeenth century" Isis 90 497-521
112. Withers C, 2000, "Voyages et crédibilité: vers une géographie de la confiance" Géographie et Cultures 33 3-17
113. Wylie J, 2001, "Becoming icy: Amundsen, Scott and the practice of 'imperial' voyaging in Antarctica", in Postcolonial Geographies Eds A Blunt, C McEwan (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburg) forthcoming