Alas Smith and Burns? Conservation in Newcastle upon Tyne city centre 1959-1968

Planning Perspectives

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 115-141

  Pendlebury, John ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION PLANNING; INNER CITY AREA; PLANNING HISTORY; TWENTIETH CENTURY; URBAN PLANNING;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0035000373     PISSN: 02665433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02665430010018239     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Cited in A. Ravetz, Remaking Cities: Contradictions of the Recent Urban Environment. London: Croom Helm, 1980, p. 103.
2. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Development Plan Review. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1963.
3. Sir John Reith, then Minister of Works and Buildings, cited in A. Ravetz, op. cit. [1], p. 37.
4. J. M. Diefendorf, (ed.). Rebuilding Europe's Bombed Cities. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990; J. Hasegawa, Replanning the Blitzed City Centre: a comparative study of Bristol, Coventry and Southampton 1941-1950. Buckingham: OUP, 1992; S. Ward, Planning and Urban Change. London: Paul Chapman, 1994.
5. J. M. Diefendorf, (ed.). Rebuilding Europe's Bombed Cities. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990; J. Hasegawa, Replanning the Blitzed City Centre: a comparative study of Bristol, Coventry and Southampton 1941-1950. Buckingham: OUP, 1992; S. Ward, Planning and Urban Change. London: Paul Chapman, 1994.
6. J. M. Diefendorf, (ed.). Rebuilding Europe's Bombed Cities. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990; J. Hasegawa, Replanning the Blitzed City Centre: a comparative study of Bristol, Coventry and Southampton 1941-1950. Buckingham: OUP, 1992; S. Ward, Planning and Urban Change. London: Paul Chapman, 1994.
7. S. Ward, ibid.
8. L. Esher, A Broken Wave: The Rebuilding of England 1940-1980. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981.
9. C. Buchanan, G. Cooper, A. MacEwen, D. Crompton, G. Michell, D. Dallimore, P. Hills and D. Burton, Traffic in Towns: A study of the long term problems of traffic in urban areas. Reports of the Steering Group and Working Group appointed by the Minister of Transport. London: HMSO 1963. The Steering Committee included T. Dan Smith.
10. Ward, op. cit. [4].
11. Buchanan et al., op. cit. [7], p. 196.
12. Ward, op. cit. [4].
13. Buchanan et al., op. cit. [7], p. 198.
14. Ibid., p. 197.
15. L. Keeble, Principles and Practice of Town and Country Planning. London: Estates Gazette, 1964, 3rd edn, p. 315.
16. L. Esher, op. cit. [6].
17. J. Delafons, Politics and Preservation. London: E & FN Spon, 1997.
18. P. Ward (ed.) Conservation and Development in Historic Towns and Cities. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press Ltd, 1968.
19. The Civic Trust. Conservation Areas: Preserving the architectural and historic scene. London: The Civic Trust, 63.1966.
20. J. Delafons, op. cit. [15].
21. Buchanan and Partners, Bath: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Bath City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; Donald Insall and Associates, Chester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chester City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; G. S. Burrows, Chichester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chichester Borough Council. London: HMSO, 1968; L. Esher, York: a study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and York City Council. London: HMSO, 1968.
22. Buchanan and Partners, Bath: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Bath City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; Donald Insall and Associates, Chester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chester City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; G. S. Burrows, Chichester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chichester Borough Council. London: HMSO, 1968; L. Esher, York: a study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and York City Council. London: HMSO, 1968.
23. Buchanan and Partners, Bath: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Bath City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; Donald Insall and Associates, Chester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chester City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; G. S. Burrows, Chichester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chichester Borough Council. London: HMSO, 1968; L. Esher, York: a study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and York City Council. London: HMSO, 1968.
24. Buchanan and Partners, Bath: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Bath City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; Donald Insall and Associates, Chester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chester City Council. London: HMSO, 1968; G. S. Burrows, Chichester: A study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and Chichester Borough Council. London: HMSO, 1968; L. Esher, York: a study in conservation: report to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government and York City Council. London: HMSO, 1968.
25. W. Kennet, Preservation. London: Temple Smith, 1972.
26. J. Delafons, op. cit. [15].
27. I. Ayris, A City of Palaces: Richard Grainger and the making of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle Libraries and Information Service, 1997; T. Faulkner, The Early Nineteenth Century Planning of Newcastle upon Tyne. Planning Perspectives 5 (1990) 149-67.
28. I. Ayris, A City of Palaces: Richard Grainger and the making of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle Libraries and Information Service, 1997; T. Faulkner, The Early Nineteenth Century Planning of Newcastle upon Tyne. Planning Perspectives 5 (1990) 149-67.
29. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Plan: Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1945.
30. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Development Plan. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1954.
31. T. Sharp, The North East - Hills and Hells, in C. Williams-Ellis (ed.), Britain and the Beast. London: Readers' Union Ltd, 1937, p. 143.
32. N. Pevsner and I. Richmond, Northumberland. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1957, 1st edn.
33. Ibid., p. 220.
34. Ibid., p. 249.
35. Ibid., p. 249.
36. I. Nairn, Superlative Newcastle upon Tyne. The Listener July 28 (1960) p. 5.
37. The Civic Trust, op. cit. [17].
38. D. Smith, An Autobiography. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press Ltd, 1970.
39. L. Esher, op. cit. [6].
40. J. Elliott, T. Dan Smith in Newcastle upon Tyne. Local Government Studies 1 (1975) 33-43.
41. For example, he was a member of the Government's Planning Advisory Group in 1964-5 and President of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1967-8.
42. L. Esher, op. cit. [6], though the appointment was decided by the full Council and Burns was only narrowly ahead of the next placed candidate, 32 to 29 votes (City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne Minutes May 25 1960).
43. D. Smith op. cit. [32].
44. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Central Area Redevelopment Proposals: First Report of the City Planning Officer. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1961.
45. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, op. cit. [2].
46. L. Esher, op. cit. [6].
47. For example, for the Jesmond area see 'Environment and Communications in Newcastle', Journal of the Town Planning Institute 52 (1966) 162-3.
48. J. H. Napper, Newcastle upon Tyne: Central Area Redevelopment Proposals. RIBA Journal 68 (1961) 370-1.
49. 'Let's Build a City' is the title of Smith's chapter on planning in his autobiography, D. Smith op. cit. [32].
50. N. Pevsner and E. Williamson, County Durham. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984, 2nd edn.
51. 'A Test Case on Highway Design'. Architect's Journal 27 August (1959) 74; 'Newcastle Round-about Inquiry'. Architect's Journal 31 December (1959) 77.
52. 'A Test Case on Highway Design'. Architect's Journal 27 August (1959) 74; 'Newcastle Round-about Inquiry'. Architect's Journal 31 December (1959) 77.
53. G. L. Price, Newcastle roundabout. Architect's Journal 6 September (1961) 330-1.
54. I. Nairn, quoted in ibid.
55. D. Smith, op. cit. [32], p. 50.
56. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, op. cit. [2], p. 73.
57. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Central Redevelopment: The Eldon Square Area. Newcastle upon Tyne c.1964, pp. 18-19.
58. D. Smith, op. cit. [32], p. 55.
59. Opinion. Northern Architect 7 (1962) 153.
60. J. Elliot, The Politics of Planning: a political study of the establishment of an independent planning department. M. Litt, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1972.
61. J. Delafons, op. cit. [15], p. 91.
62. Royal Fine Art Commission, Letter to Newcastle City Council 20 October 1967.
63. T. Sharp, Town and Townscape. London: John Murray, 1968, p. 80.
64. W. Burns, Newcastle: A study in Re-planning at Newcastle upon Tyne. London: Leonard Hill, 1967, p. 6.
65. C. O'Brien, Form, Function and Sign: Signifying the Past in Urban Waterfront Regeneration. Journal of Urban Design 2 (1997) 163-78.
66. D. Smith, op. cit. [32] p. 51.
67. W. Burns op. cit. [57], p. 25.
68. R. J. Buswell, (1984). Reconciling the past with the present: Conservation policy in Newcastle upon Tyne. Cities 1 (1984) 500-14.
69. Newcastle City Planning Department, A Plan for the Preservation of Buildings of Architectural or Historic Interest. Newcastle upon Tyne: City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1962.
70. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Council Minutes 11/11/64.
71. W. Burns (1967) op. cit. [57], p. 6.
72. Though more recent analysis has suggested that the form of Graiger's development owes more to entrepreneurial practicalities than a conscious effort at town planning, T. Faulkner, op. cit. [22].
73. For example, 'Newcastle is a fine city. When one looks at the wonderful buildings still standing after 136 years - buildings that formed part of the John Dobson major central area redevelopment scheme - it is hard to realise that at the time they were being erected working men were engaged for six days a week for a daily wage as low as 4/-for carpenters, 4/6 for stonemasons and 1/8 for labourers. And they were returning to homes which contained no amenities at all, not even water in the house', D. Smith, op. cit. [32], p. 46.
74. T. D. Smith, Development Problems of a Regional Capital. Journal of the Town Planning Institute July-August (1960).
75. W. Burns, Annual Report 1961-62. Newcastle upon Tyne: City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1962, p. 3.
76. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne op. cit. [2], p. 72-3.
77. At the time of writing grants of 80% are being given for the removal of canopies.
78. W. Burns, The relationship between town and traffic planning. Journal of the Town Planning Institute 52 (1966) 175-83.
79. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, Council Minutes 11/11/64, p. 554.
80. N. Pevsner, J. Grundy, G. McCombie, P. Ryder and H. Welfare, Northumberland. London: Penguin, 1992, 2nd edn.
81. D. Smith op. cit. [32], p. 54.
82. City and County of Newcastle upon Tyne. Planning: Progress and Purpose 1963-1967. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1967.
83. K. Galley, Newcastle upon Tyne, in J. Holliday (ed.) City Centre Redevelopment: A study of British city centre planning and case studies of five English city centres. London: Charles Knight & Co. Ltd, 1973, pp. 207-33.
84. Ibid., p. 230.
85. City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Conserving Historic Newcastle: A Planning Guide. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1975.
86. City Planning Officer, The Conservation of Urban Character in Central Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1973.
87. City of Newcastle upon Tyne, op. cit. [78], p. 27.
88. City of Newcastle upon Tyne, City Centre Local Plan: Report of Findings. Newcastle upon Tyne, 1977.
89. Ibid., p. 9.
90. Ibid., p. 15.
91. A. Mageean, Assessing the impact of urban conservation policy and practice: the Chester experience 1955-96. Planning Perspectives 14 (1999) 69-97.
92. This is perhaps an irony in the city where M. R. G. Conzen worked, one of the leading exponents of an urban morphologically based approach to urban conservation.
93. For example, A. Ravetz op. cit. [1].
94. M. Bandini, Some Architectural Approaches to Urban Form, in J. Whitehand and P. Larkham (eds) Urban Landscapes: International Perspectives. London: Routledge, 1992, pp. 133-69; L. Esher
95. W. Burns, New Towns for Old: The Technique of Urban Renewal. London: Leonard Hill, 1963 and op. cit. [57].
96. N. Taylor, Anglo-American town planning theory since 1945: three significant developments but no paradigm shifts. Planning Perspectives 14 (1999) 327-45.
97. Illustrations as 'part of an exhibition by Misha Black for the purpose of awakening a sense of culturalism and interest necessary for the creation of a truly regional capital' T. D. Smith Comments on Provincialism. Northern Architect 4 (1962) 63.
98. J. Holliday, (ed.) City Centre Redevelopment. London: Charles Knight & Co Ltd, 1973.
99. J. C. Amos, Liverpool, in J. Holliday (ed.), City Centre Redevelopment. London: Charles Knight & Co Ltd, 1973, pp. 175-206;
100. A. Ravetz, op. cit. [1].
101. W. K. Smigielski, Leicester, in J. Holliday (ed.) ibid., pp. 135-74.
102. J. Punter, Design Control in Bristol 1940-1990. Bristol: Redcliffe Press Ltd, 1990.
103. D. W. Insall and C. M. Morris. Conservation in Chester. Chester: City Council, 1988; A. Mageean, op. cit. [84].
104. D. W. Insall and C. M. Morris. Conservation in Chester. Chester: City Council, 1988; A. Mageean, op. cit. [84].
105. T. Aldous, Battle for the Environment. London: Fontana, 1972.
106. Buchanan and Partners, op. cit. [19]; S. Andreae, From comprehensive development to Conservation Areas, in M. Hunter (ed.) Preserving the Past. Stroud, Glos: Alan Sutton, 1996, pp. 135-55.
107. Buchanan and Partners, op. cit. [19]; S. Andreae, From comprehensive development to Conservation Areas, in M. Hunter (ed.) Preserving the Past. Stroud, Glos: Alan Sutton, 1996, pp. 135-55.
108. A. Fergusson, The Sack of Bath. Salisbury: Compton Russell, 1973; C. Amery and D. Cruikshank, The Rape of Britain. London: P. Elek, 1975.
109. A. Fergusson, The Sack of Bath. Salisbury: Compton Russell, 1973; C. Amery and D. Cruikshank, The Rape of Britain. London: P. Elek, 1975.
110. B. Allsopp, Appraisal: Now and Next. Northern Architect 2 (1974).
111. M. Danby, Synthesis: Recent Planning and Achievement in Newcastle. Northern Architect 2 (1974).
112. W. Barnett, Editorial. Northern Architect 2 (1974).
113. B. Allsopp, op. cit. [99].
114. M. Danby, op. cit. [100].
115. T. Faulkner, Conservation and Renewal in Newcastle upon Tyne, in T. Faulkner (ed.) Northumbrian Panorama. London: Octavian Press, 1996.
116. Though this is typical of many British cities it was not universal; for example the demolition and redevelopment of the Georgian George Square in Edinburgh by the University was (unsuccessfully) contested by amenity groups in 1959. C. Hague, The Development of Planning Thought: A critical perspective. London: Hutchinson, 1984.
117. L. Esher op. cit. [6], p. 179.
118. J. G. Davies, The Evangelistic Bureaucrat. London: Tavistock, 1972.
119. J. Elliot, op. cit. [53]. Planning Perspectives, 16 (2001) 143-167
120. J. Elliot, op. cit. [53]. Planning Perspectives, 16 (2001) 143-167