The role of non-biting flies in the epidemiology of human infectious diseases

Microbes and Infection

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 231-235

  Graczyk, Thaddeus K ^a,b   Knight, Ronald ^a   Gilman, Robert H ^c   Cranfield, Michael R ^b,d  

^a Johns H   (United States)

^b Medical Department   (United States)

^c Johns Hopkins Univ ^*  (United States)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Enteropathogens; Housefly; Nosocomial infections; Synanthropic flies; Trachoma

Indexed keywords

ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FLY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOUSE FLY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRACHOMA;

EID: 0034999843     PISSN: 12864579     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01371-5     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Greenberg B. Flies and Disease Vol I, Ecology, Classification, and Biotic Associations. 1971;Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
2. Greenberg B. Flies and Disease Vol II, Biology and Disease Transmission. 1973;Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
3. Olsen A.R. Regulatory action criteria for filth and other extraneous materials. III. Review of flies and foodborne enteric diseases. Regulatory Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28:1998;199-211.
4. Echeverria P., Harrison B.A., Tirapat C., McFarland A. Flies as a source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in Thailand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:1983;32-36.
5. Wallace G.D. Experimental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by filth-flies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 20:1971;411-413.
6. Khan A.R., Huq F. Disease agents carried by flies in Dacca city. Bangladesh. Med. Res. Council Bull. 4:1978;86-93.
7. Markus M.B. Flies as natural transport hosts of Sarcocystis and other coccidia. J. Parasitol. 66:1980;361-362.
8. Kasprzak W., Majewska A. Transmission of Giardia cysts. I. Role of flies and cockroaches. Parasitol. News. 27:1981;555-563.
9. Fotedar R., Banerjee U., Shriniwas S.S., Verma A.K. The house fly (Musca domestica) as a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms in a hospital environment. J. Hosp. Inf. 20:1992;209-215.
10. Graczyk T.K., Cranfield M.R., Fayer R., Bixler H. House flies (Musca domestica) as transport hosts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61:1999;500-504.
11. Graczyk T.K., Fayer R., Cranfield M.R., Mhangami-Ruwende B., Knight R., Trout J.M., Bixler H. Filth flies are transport hosts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerg. Inf. Dis. 5:1999;726-727.
12. Graczyk T.K., Fayer R., Knight R., Mhangami-Ruwende B., Trout J.M., DaSilva A.J., Pieniazek N.J. Mechanical transport and transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by wild filth flies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64:2001;. in press.
13. Bidawid S.P., Edeson J.F.B., Ibrahim J., Matossian R.M. The role of non-biting flies in the transmission of enteric pathogens (Salmonella species and Shigella species) in Beirut, Lebanon. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 72:1978;117-121.
14. Fukushima H., Ito Y., Saito K., Tsubokura M., Otsuki K. Role of the fly in the transport of Yersinia enterocolitica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:1979;1009-1010.
15. Gregorio S.B., Nakao J.C., Beran G.W. Human enteroviruses in animals and arthropods in central Philippines. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth. 3:1972;45-51.
16. Hedges S.A. Handbook of Pest Control. 1990;Franzak and Foster Co, Cleveland, OH.
17. Murvosh C.M., Thaggard C.W. Ecological studies of the house fly. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59:1966;533-547.
18. Iwasa M., Makino S.I., Asakura H., Kobori H., Morimoto Y. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at a cattle farm in Japan. J. Med. Entomol. 36:1999;108-112.
19. Forsey T., Darougar S. Transmission of chlamydia by the house fly. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 65:1981;147-150.
20. Emerson P.M., Bailey R.L., Mahdi O.S., Walvaren G.E., Lindsay S.W. Transmission ecology of the fly Musca sorbens, a putative vector of trachoma. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94:2000;28-32.
21. West S.K., Congdon N., Katala S., Mele L. Facial cleanliness and risk of trachoma in families. Arch. Ophthalmol. 109:1991;855-857.
22. Brechner R.J., West S., Lynch M. Trachoma and flies. Individual vs environmental risk factors. Arch. Ophthalmol. 110:1992;687-689.
23. Pruss A., Mariotti S.P. Preventing trachoma through environmental sanitation: a review of the evidence base. Bull. World. Hlth. Organ. 78:2000;258-266.
24. Foetedar R., Banarjee U., Samantray J.C., Shriniwa S. Vector potential of hospital house flies with special reference to Klebsiella species. Epidemiol. Infect. 109:1982;143-147.
25. Rady M.H., Abdel-Raouf N., Labib I., Merdan A.I. Bacterial contamination of the house fly Musca domestica, collected from 4 hospitals at Cairo. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 22:1992;279-288.
26. Sramova H., Daniel M., Absolonova D.M., Dedicova D., Jedlickowa Z., Lhoto H., Petras P., Subertova V. Epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. J. Hosp. Infect. 20:1992;281-292.
27. Khalil K., Lindblom G.B., Mazhar K., Kaijsher B. Flies and water as reservoirs for bacterial enteropathogens in urban and rural areas in and around Lahore, Pakistan. Epidemiol. Infect. 113:1994;435-444.
28. Wright E.P. The isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from flies. J. Hyg. Camb. 91:1983;223-226.
29. Rosef O., Kapperud G. House flies (Musca domestica) as possible vectors of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:1983;381-383.
30. Kobayashi M., Sasaki T., Saito N., Tamura K., Suzuki K., Watanabe H., Agui N. Houseflies: not simple mechanical vectors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61:1999;625-629.