Differentiation of mouse primordial germ cells into female or male germ cells

International Journal of Developmental Biology

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 541-548

  Nakatsuji, Norio ^a   Chuma, Shinichiro ^b  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b NONE

Author keywords

EG cells; Meiosis; Oocytes; Primordial germ cell; Sex differentiation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; FETUS; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; GONAD DEVELOPMENT; MEIOSIS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; PRIMORDIAL GERM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SPERMATOGENESIS; TESTIS;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; FEMALE; GERM CELLS; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; MALE; MEIOSIS; MICE; OOCYTES; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPERMATOZOA; STEM CELLS;

EID: 0034999563     PISSN: 02146282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. ABRAHAMSON, M., SALVESEN, G., BARRETT, A. J. and GRUBB, A. (1986). Isolation of six cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human urine. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 11282-11289.
2. BARRETT, A. J., FRITZ, H., GRUBB, A., ISEMURA, S., JARVINEN, M., KATUNUMA, N., MACHLEIDT, W., MULLER-ESTERI, W., SASKI, M. and TURK, V. (1986). Nomenclature and classification of the proteins homologous with the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin. Biochem. J. 236: 312-317.
3. BORUM, K. (1961). Oogenesis in the mouse. A study of the meiotic prophase. Exp. Cell. Res. 24: 495-507.
4. CHIQUOINE, A. D. (1954). The identification, origin, and migration of the primordial germ cells of the mouse embryo. Anat. Rec. 118: 135-146.
5. CHUMA, S. and NAKATSUJI, N. (2001). Autonomous transition into meiosis of mouse fetal germ cells in vitro and its inhibition by gp130-mediated signaling. Dev. Biol. 229: 468-479.
6. CORNWALL, G. A., ORGEBIN-CRIST, M.-C. and HANN, S. R. (1992). The CRES gene: a unique testis-regulated gene related to cystatin family is highly restricted in its expression to the proximal region of the mouse epididymis. Mol. Endocrinol. 6: 1653-1664.
7. COUCOUVANIS, E. C., SHERWOOD, S. W., CARSWELL-CRUMPTON, C., SPACK, E.G. and JONES, P. P. (1993). Evidence that the mechanism of prenatal germ cell death in the mouse is apoptosis. Exp. Cell Res. 209: 238-247.
8. DE FELICI, M. and MCLAREN, A. (1983). In vitro culture of mouse primordial germ cells Exp. Cell. Res. 144: 417-27.
9. DE FELICI, M. and DOLCI, S. (1991 ). Leukemia inhibitory factor sustains the survival of mouse primordial germ cells cultured on TM4 feeder layers. Dev. Biol. 147:281-284.
10. DI CARLO, A.D., TRAVIA, G. and DE FELICI, M. (2000). The meiotic specific synaptonemal complex protein SCP3 is expressed by female and male primordial germ cells of the mouse embryo. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 44: 241-244.
11. DOBSON, M. J., PEARLMAN, R. E., KARAISKAKIS, A., SPYROPOULOS, B. and MOENS, P. B. (1994). Synaptonemal complex proteins: occurrence, epitope mapping and chromosome disjunction. J. Cell Sci 107: 2749-2760.
12. DOLCI, S., WILLIAMS, D. E., ERNST, M. K., RESNICK, J. L., BRANNAN, C. I., LOCK, L. F., LYMAN, S. D., BOSWELL, H. S. and DONOVAN, P. J. (1991). Requirement for mast cell growth factor for primordial germ cell survival in culture. Nature 352: 809-811.
13. DOLCI, S. and DE FELICI, M. (1990). A study of meiosis in chimeric mouse fetal gonads. Development 109: 37-40.
14. DONOVAN, P. J., STOTT, D., CAIRNS, L. A., HEASMAN, J. and WYLIE, C. C. (1986). Migratory and postmigratory mouse primordial germ cells behave differently in culture. Cell 44: 831-838.
15. ELICSON-LAWRENCE, M., ZABLUDOFF, S. and WRIGHT, W. W. (1991). Cyclic protein 2, a secretory product of rat Sertoli cells, is the proenzyme form of cathepsin L. Mol. Endocrinol. 5: 1789-1798.
16. FRANCAVILLA, S. and ZAMBONI, L. (1985). Differentiation of mouse ectopic germinal cells in intra-and perigonadal locations. J. Exp. Zool. 233: 101-109.
17. GINSBURG, M., SNOW, M. H. and MCLAREN, A. (1990). Primordia germ cells in the mouse embryo during gastrulation. Development 110: 521-528.
18. GODIN, I., DEED, R., COOKE, J., ZSEBO, K., DEXTER, M. and WYLIE, C. C. (1991). Effects of the steel gene product on mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 352: 807-809.
19. GOODING, L. R., AQUINI, L., DUERLSEN-HUGHES, P. J., DAY, D., HORTON, T. M., YEI, S. and WOLD, W. S. M. (1991) The E1B 19,000-molecular-weight protein of group C adenoviruses prevents tumor necrosis factor cytolysis of human cells but not of mouse cells. J. Virol. 65: 3083-3094.
20. HARA, T., TAMURA, K., DE MIGUEL, M. P., MUKOUYAMA, Y., KIM, H. J., KOGO, H., DONOVAN, P. J. and MIYAJIMA, A. (1998). Distinct roles of oncostatin M and leukemia inhibitory factor in the development of primordial germ cells and Sertoli cells in mice. Dev. Biol. 201: 144-153.
21. - b oncogene of adenovirus confers cellular resistance to cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor and monoclonal anti-Fas antibody. Int. Immunol. 3: 343-351.
22. HEYTING, C., DETTMERS, R. J., DIETRICH, A. J., REDEKER, E. J. and VINK, A. C. (1988). Two major components of synaptonemal complexes are specific for meiotic prophase nuclei. Chromosoma 96: 325-332.
23. HILSCHER, B., HILSCHER, W., BULTHOFF-OHNOLZ, B., KRAMER, U., BIRKE, A., PELZER, H. and GAUSS, G. (1974). Kinetics of gametogenesis. I. Comparative histological and autoradiographic studies of oocytes and transitional prospermatogonia during oogenesis and prespermatogenesis. Cell Tissue Res. 154: 443-470.
24. HOCKENBERY, D., NUNEZ, G., MILLIMAN, C., SCHREIBER, R. D. and KORSMEYER, S. J. (1990) Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. Nature 348: 334-336.
25. KANNO, Y., TAMURA, M., CHUMA, S., SAKURAI, T., MACHIDA, T. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1999). A cystatin-related gene, testatin/cresp, shows male-specific expression in germ and somatic cells from the initial stage of murine gonadal sex-differentiation. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 43: 777-784.
26. KAWASE, E., SHIRAYOSHI, Y., HASHIMOTO, K. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1996). A combination of buffalo rat liver cell-conditioned medium, forskolin and membranebound stem cell factor stimulates rapid proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro similar to that in vivo. Devel. Growth Differ. 38: 315-322.
27. KAWASE, E., YAMAMOTO, H., HASHIMOTO, K. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1994). Tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β) stimulates proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Dev Biol 161: 91-95.
28. KLINK, A., LEE, M. and COOKE, H. J. (1997). The mouse synaptonemal complex protein gene Sycp3 maps to band C of chromosome 10. Mamm. Genome 8: 376-377.
29. KOSHIMIZU, U., TAGA, T., WATANABE, M., SAITO, M., SHIRAYOSHI, Y., KISHIMOTO, T. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1996). Functional requirement of gp130-mediated signaling for growth and survival of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro and derivation of embryonic germ (EG) cells. Development 122: 1235-1242.
30. KOSHIMIZU, U., WATANABE, M. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1995). Retinoic acid is a potent growth activator of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro. Dev. Biol. 168: 683-685.
31. LABOSKY, P. A., BARLOW, D. P. and HOGAN, B. L. M. (1994). Mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell lines: transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene compared with embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Development 120: 3197-3204.
32. LAWSON, K. A., DUNN, N. R., ROELEN, B. A., ZEINSTRA, L. M., DAVIS, A. M., WRIGHT, C. V., KORVING, J. P. and HOGAN, B. L. M. (1999). Brnp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 13: 424-436.
33. MANOVA, K. and BACHVAROVA, R. F. (1991). Expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of mice in developing embryonic germ cells and presumptive melanoblasts. Dev. Biol. 146: 312-324.
34. MATSUI, Y., ZSEBO, K. and HOGAN, B. L. M. (1992). Derivation of pluripotential embryonic stem cells from murine primordial germ cells in culture. Cell 70: 841-847.
35. MATSUI, Y., TOKSOZ, D., NISHIKAWA, S., NISHIKAWA, S., WILLIAMS, D., ZSEBO, K. and HOGAN, B. L. M, (1991). Effect of Steel factor and leukemia inhibitory factor on murine primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 353: 750-752.
36. MATSUI, Y., ZSEBO, K. M. and HOGAN, B. L. M. (1990). Embryonic expression of a haematopoietic growth factor encoded by the Sl locus and the ligand for c-kit. Nature 347: 667-669.
37. McLAREN, A. (1994). Germline and soma: interactions during early mouse development. Seminars in Dev. Biol. 5: 43-49.
38. McLAREN, A. and SOUTHEE, D. (1997). Entry of mouse embryonic germ cells into meiosis. Dev. Biol. 187: 107-113.
39. MOTOYAMA, N., WANG, F., ROTH, K. A., SAWA, H., NAKAYAMA, K., NAKAYAMA, K., NEGISHI, I., SENJU, S., ZHANG, Q., FUJII, S. and Loh, D. Y. (1995).Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice. Science 267: 1506-1510.
40. NICHOLS, J., CHAMBERS, I. and SMITH, A. (1994). Derivation of germ line competent embryonic stem cells with a combination of interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor. Exp. Cell Res. 215: 237-239.
41. NUNEZ, G., LONDON, L., HOCKENBERY, D., ALEXANDER, M., MCKEARN, J. P. and KORSMEYER, S. J. (1990). Deregulated Bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines. J. Immunol. 144: 3602-3610.
42. OHKUBO, Y., SHIRAYOSHI, Y. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1996). Autonomous regulation of proliferation and growth arrest in mouse primordial germ cells studied by mixed and clonal cultures. Exp. Cell. Res. 222: 291-297.
43. PESCE, M., FARRACE, M. G., PIACENTINI, M., DOLCI, S., and DE FELICI, M. (1993). Stem cell factor and leukemia inhibitory factor promote primordial germ cell survival by suppressing programmed cell death (apoptosis).Development 118:1089-1094.
44. RESNICK, J. L., BIXLER, L. S., CHENG, L. and DONOVAN, P. J. (1992). Long-term proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature 359: 550-551.
45. RUCKER III, E. B., DIERISSEAU, P., WAGNER, K-U, GARRETT, L., WYNSHAW-BORIS, A., FLAWS, J. A. and HENNIGHAUSEN, L. (2000). Bcl-x and Bax regulate mouse primordial germ cell survival and apoptosis during embryogenesis. Molecular Endocrinology 14: 1038-1052.
46. SMITH, A. G., HEATH, J. K., DONALDSON, D. D., WONG, G. G., MOREAU, J., STAHL, M. and ROGERS, D. (1988). Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides. Nature 336: 688-690.
47. SNOW, M. H.L., TAM, P. P.L. and McLAREN,A.(1981). On the control and regulation of size and morphogenesis in mammalian embryos. In Levels of Genetic Control in Development (Eds. S. Subtleny and U. K. Abbott), pp. 201-217. Alan R. Liss, New York.
48. SPEED, R. M. (1982). Meiosis in the foetal mouse ovary. I. An analysis at the light microscopic level using surface-spreading. Chromosoma 85: 427-437.
49. SWAIN, A. and LOVELL-BADGE, R. (1999). Mammalian sex determination: a molecular drama. Genes Dev. 13: 755-767.
50. TADA, T., TADA, M., HILTON, K., BARTON, S. C., SADO, T., TAKAGI, N. and SURANI, M. A. (1998). Epigenetic switching of imprintable loci in embryonic germ cells. Dev. Genes-Evol. 207: 551-561.
51. TAGA, T., HIBI, M., HIRATA, Y., YAMASAKI, K., YASUKAWA, K., MATSUDA, T., HIRANO, T. and KISHIMOTO, T. (1989). Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130. Cell 58: 573-581.
52. TAM, P. P. L. and SNOW, M. H. L. (1981). Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth inmouseembryos. J.Embryol. Exp. Morph. 64: 133-147.
53. TAM, P. P. L. and ZHOU, S. X. (1996). The allocation of epiblastcells to ectodermal and germ-line lineages is influenced by the position of the cells in the gastrulating mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 178: 124-132.
54. TAVERA, C., PROVOT, D., GIROLAMI, J.P., LEUNG-TACK, J. and COLLE, A. (1990). Tissue and biological fluid distribution of cysteine proteinase inhibitor: rat cystatin C. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler. 371: 187-192.
55. TÖHÖNEN, V., STERLUND, C. and NORDQVIST, K. (1998). Testatin: a cystatinrelated gene expressed during early testis development. Proc. Natl. acad. Sci. USA. 95: 14208-14213.
56. VAUX, D. L., CORY, S. and ADAMS, J. M. (1988). Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335:440-442.
57. WATANABE, M., SHIRAYOSHI, Y., KOSHIMIZU, U., HASHIMOTO, S., YONEHARA, S., EGUCHI, Y., TSUJIMOTO, Y. and NAKATSUJI, N. (1997). Gene transfection of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro and analysis of their survival and growth control. Exp. Cell Res. 230: 76-83.
58. WHITE, E., SABBATINI, P., DEBBAS, M., WOLD, W. S. M., KUSHER, D. I. and GOODING, L. (1992) The 19-kilodalton adenovirus E1B transforming protein inhibits programmed cell death and prevents cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor α. Mol. Cell Biol. 12: 2570-2580.
59. WYLIE, C. C. (1999). Germ cells. Cell 96: 165-174.
60. YASUKAWA, K., SAITO, T., FUKUNAGA, T., SEKIMORI, Y., KOISHIHARA, Y., FUKUI, H., OHSUGI, Y., MATSUDA, T., YAWATA, H., HIRANO, T., TAGA, T. and KISHIMOTO, T. (1990). Purification and characterization of soluble human IL-6 receptor expressed in CHO cells. J. Biochem. 108: 673-676.
61. YOSHIDA, K., CHAMBERS, I., NICHOLS, J., SMITH, A., SAITO, M., YASUKAWA, K., SNOYAB, M., TAGA, T. and KISHIMOTO, T. (1994). Maintenance of the pluripotential phenotype of embryonic stem cells through direct activation of gp130 signaling pathways. Mech. Dev. 45: 163-171.
62. YOSHIDA, K., KONDOH, G., MATSUDA, Y., HABU, T., NISHIMUNE, Y. and MORITA, T. (1998). The mouse RecA-like gene Dmc1 is required for homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis. Mol. Cell 1: 707-718.
63. YUAN, L., LIU, J. G., ZHAO, J., BRUNDELL, E., DANEHOLT, B. and HOOG, C. (2000). The murine SCP3 gene is required for synaptonemal complex assembly, chromosome synapsis, and male fertility. Mol. Cell 5: 73-83.
64. ZAMBONI, L. and UPADHYAY, S. (1983). Germ cell differentiation in mouse adrenal glands. J. Exp. Zool. 228: 173-193.
65. ZSEBO, K. M., WYPYCH, J., MCNIECE, I. K., LU, H. S., SMITH, K. A., KARKARE, S. B., SACHDEV, R. K., YUSCHENKOFF, V. N., BIRKETT, N. C. and WILLIAMS, L. R. (1990). Identification, purification, and biological characterization of hematopoietic stem cell factor from buffalo rat liver - conditioned medium. Cell 63: 195-201.